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Borneo AI simulator
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Borneo AI simulator
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Borneo
Borneo (/ˈbɔːrnioʊ/) is the third-largest island in the world, with an area of 748,168 km2 (288,869 sq mi), and population of 23,053,723 (2020 national censuses). Situated at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, it is one of the Greater Sunda Islands, located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and east of Sumatra. The island is crossed by the equator, which divides it roughly in half. In Indonesia, the island is also known as Kalimantan, which is also the name of the Indonesian region located on the island.
The geology of Borneo was formed beginning in the Mesozoic. It formed part of Sundaland, a region connected to mainland Asia, until it became isolated by sea level rise at the end of the last ice age. With seven unique ecoregions, including large expanses of some of the oldest tropical rainforests in the world, Borneo is rich in biodiversity and endemic species.
Archaeological evidence suggests Borneo has been inhabited by humans for more than 65,000 years. Borneo is home to hundreds of different Indigenous groups, cultures and languages. International trading ports were well established on Borneo by the first millennium. It was later subsumed into the Majapahit Empire. The Sultanate of Sulu later ruled much of the island's North, and at its peak in the 14th century, the Sultanate of Brunei governed most of its coast; meanwhile, Borneo's interior remained largely outside of their control. Borneo was later colonised by the British and Dutch, and occupied by Japan during World War II.
Since the decolonisation of Asia, the island has been politically divided among three states, with the borders broadly following previous demarcation between the British and Dutch. The sovereign state of Brunei in the north makes up 1% of the territory. Approximately 73% of Borneo is Indonesian territory, and in the north, the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak make up about 26% of the island. The Malaysian federal territory of Labuan is situated on a small island just off the coast of Borneo.
The majority of Borneo's inhabitants reside in coastal cities. It is the site of Indonesia's planned future capital, Nusantara. Major economic sectors include oil and gas, agriculture, timber and tourism. Industrial deforestation in Indonesian and Malaysian Borneo for timber and agricultural conversion has taken place during the past century.
When the sixteenth-century Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes made contact with the indigenous people of Borneo, they referred to their island as Pulu K'lemantang, and this second word became Kalimantan, the name for modern-day Borneo in the Indonesian language. The term kelamantan is used in Sarawak to refer to a group of people who consume sago in the northern part of the island.
According to Crawfurd, the word kelamantan is the name of a type of mango (Mangifera), though he adds that the word is fanciful and unpopular. The local mango, called klemantan, is still widely found in rural Ketapang and surrounding areas of West Kalimantan.
Another source states that it derives from the Sanskrit word kalamanthana, meaning "burning weather", possibly to describe the island's hot and humid tropical weather. In the Indianized Malay era[clarification needed] the name Kalamanthana was derived from the Sanskrit terms kala (time or season) and manthana (churning, kindling, or creating fire by friction), which possibly describes the hot weather.
Borneo
Borneo (/ˈbɔːrnioʊ/) is the third-largest island in the world, with an area of 748,168 km2 (288,869 sq mi), and population of 23,053,723 (2020 national censuses). Situated at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, it is one of the Greater Sunda Islands, located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and east of Sumatra. The island is crossed by the equator, which divides it roughly in half. In Indonesia, the island is also known as Kalimantan, which is also the name of the Indonesian region located on the island.
The geology of Borneo was formed beginning in the Mesozoic. It formed part of Sundaland, a region connected to mainland Asia, until it became isolated by sea level rise at the end of the last ice age. With seven unique ecoregions, including large expanses of some of the oldest tropical rainforests in the world, Borneo is rich in biodiversity and endemic species.
Archaeological evidence suggests Borneo has been inhabited by humans for more than 65,000 years. Borneo is home to hundreds of different Indigenous groups, cultures and languages. International trading ports were well established on Borneo by the first millennium. It was later subsumed into the Majapahit Empire. The Sultanate of Sulu later ruled much of the island's North, and at its peak in the 14th century, the Sultanate of Brunei governed most of its coast; meanwhile, Borneo's interior remained largely outside of their control. Borneo was later colonised by the British and Dutch, and occupied by Japan during World War II.
Since the decolonisation of Asia, the island has been politically divided among three states, with the borders broadly following previous demarcation between the British and Dutch. The sovereign state of Brunei in the north makes up 1% of the territory. Approximately 73% of Borneo is Indonesian territory, and in the north, the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak make up about 26% of the island. The Malaysian federal territory of Labuan is situated on a small island just off the coast of Borneo.
The majority of Borneo's inhabitants reside in coastal cities. It is the site of Indonesia's planned future capital, Nusantara. Major economic sectors include oil and gas, agriculture, timber and tourism. Industrial deforestation in Indonesian and Malaysian Borneo for timber and agricultural conversion has taken place during the past century.
When the sixteenth-century Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes made contact with the indigenous people of Borneo, they referred to their island as Pulu K'lemantang, and this second word became Kalimantan, the name for modern-day Borneo in the Indonesian language. The term kelamantan is used in Sarawak to refer to a group of people who consume sago in the northern part of the island.
According to Crawfurd, the word kelamantan is the name of a type of mango (Mangifera), though he adds that the word is fanciful and unpopular. The local mango, called klemantan, is still widely found in rural Ketapang and surrounding areas of West Kalimantan.
Another source states that it derives from the Sanskrit word kalamanthana, meaning "burning weather", possibly to describe the island's hot and humid tropical weather. In the Indianized Malay era[clarification needed] the name Kalamanthana was derived from the Sanskrit terms kala (time or season) and manthana (churning, kindling, or creating fire by friction), which possibly describes the hot weather.
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