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BowieNet was an Internet service provider launched by singer-songwriter David Bowie in 1998 and active until 2006.

History

[edit]

Bowie was an early user of the Internet, reportedly using email as early as the late 1980s.[1] In 1996 he released the song "Telling Lies" as an Internet download, the first downloadable single by a major artist,[2][3] and on 21 September 1999 he released his album Hours exclusively through BowieNet before its physical CD release on 4 October; the release made Bowie the first major artist to release a complete album for download through the Internet.[4][5][6]

In 1997 and 1998, Bowie worked with Robert Goodale and Ron Roy to understand the potential of the Internet as a resource for music distribution and fan outreach.[7] BowieNet launched in September 1998,[8] and offered dial-up service access to the Internet for $19.95 per month or £10.00 in the UK.[9] Users with another ISP could pay $5.95 to access www.davidbowie.com.[10] For the service, Bowie partnered with the network services companies UltraStar and Concentric Network Corp (now XO Communications).[10] At its peak, BowieNet had about 100,000 customers.[9]

Some fans criticised the charging of a fee to access the site, claiming that "people were already having to pay for access to the internet, and now if they were going to have to pay for every single thing that they were interested in, that (seemed that) the internet was going to be the preserve of the rich forever".[11]: 23:52  After heavily criticising the charging of a fee for BowieNet on other Bowie fansites, Irish fan Dara O'Kearney claims that Bowie himself started contacting him from the email address "bxqr@mindspring.com", singing off with the initials "db" (lower-case), to find out more about why O'Kearney disagreed with it so much.[11]: 26:05  O'Kearney believed at first that the person was probably a Bowie impersonator, but later became more convinced that the person was actually Bowie, after he was able to put O'Kearney on the guestlist for the Dublin shows of his A Reality Tour in 2003.[11]: 31:55 

In an interview with ZDTV, Bowie revealed that "at least two or three times a week I go into the (chat) rooms... on my site and anonymously, generally - there's some times, I have, I have a name that (the fans) know, know me by, so they... I participate (on the chats) a lot more than they think!".[11]: 22:54  He added "I got several, I got several, eh, addresses... so it would be very hard for them to... I know some of you know what they are but, eh, don't spam me...".[11]: 23:26 

BowieNet ceased operating in 2006.[12]

Exclusive content

[edit]

Members received an @davidbowie.com-ending email address and had exclusive access to audio recordings, music videos and chat rooms, which Bowie participated in himself. One of the handles used by Bowie was 'Sailor', an anagram of the word 'Isolar', recalling in an interview that "Isola is Italian for 'island.' Isolation plus Solar equals Isolar. If I remember correctly, I was stoned."[13][a] He would appear unannounced and talk, with a special guest sometimes joining in,[8] and on the site he would upload personal photos as well as images of his paintings and some of his journals.[8]

Song contest

[edit]

In 1999, Bowie ran a contest through his website to help him co-write a song. Over 80,000 people submitted lyrics. The lyrics chosen were written by a 20-year-old American, Alex Grant,[14] about the concept of a virtual existence on the internet. The recording of the song was live-streamed via a 360-degree interactive webcast, a groundbreaking technology at the time. The song titled, "What's Really Happening?", was later released on Hours (1999).[8]

LiveAndWell.com

[edit]

In 1997, during Bowie's Earthling Tour, live tracks were recorded for a live album release, but the release was cancelled by Virgin, Bowie's label.[15] Following that cancellation, Bowie assembled and released a different live album, made up of tracks recorded across several of Bowie's mid- to late-1990's tours, exclusively to BowieNet subscribers as LiveAndWell.com (1999). Re-released in 2000, again exclusively to BowieNet subscribers but with a bonus CD of remixes, LiveAndWell.com remained unavailable to non-subscribers until its public (re-)release in 2021, which did not include the bonus CD.[15]

BowieWorld

[edit]

The site offered access to BowieWorld, a 3D environment that allowed users to control an avatar that could walk through a three-dimensional city, decorated with images Bowie chose including pictures of himself and posters, and communicate with other users.[8]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
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BowieNet

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BowieNet was an Internet service provider (ISP) launched by English musician David Bowie on September 1, 1998, initially in North America and later expanded worldwide, providing dial-up internet access for $19.95 per month alongside exclusive content and community tools targeted at his fans.[1][2][3] The service combined standard ISP functionality—such as email addresses ending in @davidbowie.com and 5 megabytes of personal web hosting space—with Bowie-curated features, including access to unreleased audio recordings, music videos, personal journals, photographs, and a career chronology.[4][2][3] It also offered interactive elements like forums, live chat rooms where Bowie participated under the pseudonym "Sailor," and a 3D virtual environment called BowieWorld for social interactions, predating platforms like Second Life.[3][2] Additionally, subscribers gained early access to innovative webcasts, such as the 1997 cybercast of Bowie's Earthling tour concert, and partnerships with services like Rolling Stone Network for music downloads and plugins supporting audio and video on user pages.[4] BowieNet stood out as one of the earliest artist-led online communities, functioning as a music-centric social network that blurred the lines between performer and audience, allowing direct engagement years before the rise of platforms like MySpace or Twitter.[2][1] Bowie himself described the internet's potential in 1999 as "an alien life form," emphasizing its role in creating "communal power" and transforming art into a shared experience rather than a passive one.[1] The platform even featured the world's first "cyber-song," titled "What's Really Happening?," composed collaboratively with fans.[3] As broadband became widespread, BowieNet's ISP operations ceased in May 2006, shifting to a slimmed-down fan club model with web-based content, before fully discontinuing in 2012.[3] Despite its relatively short lifespan, BowieNet exemplified Bowie's forward-thinking embrace of digital technology, influencing how artists later used the web for fan interaction and content distribution.[4][2]

Background

David Bowie's Interest in the Internet

David Bowie's fascination with digital technology emerged in the late 1980s, predating widespread public access to the internet. In September 1995, Bowie launched one of the earliest official websites for a major recording artist at davidbowie.com, initially as an experimental platform for content development tied to his artistic projects.[5] The site, developed by a small team, featured interactive elements and visual art, showcasing Bowie's vision for blending music with digital media well before such practices became standard. Bowie further pioneered online music distribution in 1996 by releasing "Telling Lies" as the first downloadable single by a major artist, available exclusively via his website in multiple versions over three weeks, which garnered thousands of downloads and bypassed traditional record label channels. This move highlighted his commitment to leveraging the internet for direct artist-to-fan engagement. Throughout the mid-1990s, Bowie frequently articulated the internet's transformative potential in interviews, describing it as an "exhilarating and terrifying" force that would revolutionize art and music distribution by democratizing access and eroding barriers between creators and audiences.[6] In a 1999 statement, he expressed enthusiasm for digital downloads as a means to expand choices for listeners, foreshadowing shifts in the music industry.[6] These views culminated in his development of BowieNet as a dedicated platform for immersive online experiences.

Development and Launch

BowieNet emerged from David Bowie's longstanding fascination with the internet's potential, which had been evident in his early online experiments during the mid-1990s. This interest motivated him to partner with entrepreneurs Ron Roy and Robert Goodale, who in 1996 pitched the concept of an artist-led internet service provider (ISP) to Bowie's management. Bowie became the first investor in their company, UltraStar Internet Services, a management technology firm focused on internet services for the entertainment industry.[7] To build the necessary infrastructure, UltraStar formed a key partnership with Concentric Network Corporation (later merged into XO Communications), which provided the backend network services, including hosting, billing, and dial-up connectivity. This collaboration enabled BowieNet to offer high-speed dial-up access—marketed at up to 56 kbps—bundled with exclusive content from Bowie and other artists, aiming to create an immersive online environment beyond standard ISP offerings. Bowie himself was actively involved in the platform's design, overseeing site aesthetics and content integration in collaboration with New York-based developers.[7][8][9] BowieNet officially launched on September 1, 1998, initially available only in North America with immediate plans for global expansion, starting with the United Kingdom later that year. Priced at $19.95 per month in the US, it was promoted as the world's first artist-created ISP, a distinction that earned it recognition from Guinness World Records. The service's debut press announcements highlighted its innovative fusion of reliable internet access with artist-curated digital experiences, positioning Bowie as a pioneer in merging music and technology.[8][2][10]

Core Services

Internet Access and Pricing

BowieNet provided dial-up internet access as a full-service ISP, launched in September 1998, allowing subscribers to connect to the broader internet through dedicated servers.[11] The primary subscription tier offered unlimited dial-up connectivity for $19.95 per month in the United States or £10.00 per month in the United Kingdom, positioning BowieNet as a competitive alternative to mainstream providers like AOL during the late 1990s dial-up era.[12][13][11] For users who already had an existing ISP, a lower-cost option was available at $5.95 per month, granting access solely to BowieNet's exclusive content and community features without the dial-up service.[12] All full subscribers received 5 MB of web hosting space, enabling them to create and host personal websites, which encouraged user-generated content and personalization.[8][2] At its peak in the early 2000s, BowieNet had approximately 100,000 subscribers, reflecting significant adoption among fans seeking both internet access and Bowie-centric digital experiences.[7][14]

Email and Web Hosting

BowieNet provided subscribers with personalized email addresses ending in @davidbowie.com, allowing users to establish a unique digital identity tied to David Bowie's domain.[7][8] This feature was available to all members upon signup, enhancing the service's appeal by offering a prestigious and memorable email format that reflected Bowie's brand.[2][11] In addition to email, BowieNet allocated 5MB of personal web hosting space to each subscriber, enabling them to build and host their own websites directly on the platform.[2][8][11] This storage limit, though modest by modern standards, was sufficient for early web development, such as creating simple personal pages or fan sites, and encouraged creative expression within the BowieNet ecosystem.[7] Users could customize these pages fully, integrating them seamlessly with the ISP's infrastructure for easy access and sharing.[2] These email and hosting services were integrated as key incentives to attract users to BowieNet as their primary internet service provider, bundled within the standard $19.95 monthly subscription fee alongside connectivity.[8][11] By offering such personalized tools, BowieNet positioned itself not just as an ISP, but as a platform for individual digital presence, fostering user engagement and loyalty in the late 1990s internet landscape.[7][2]

Community Features

Chat Rooms and Direct Interaction

BowieNet provided subscribers with access to live chat rooms, enabling real-time interactions among fans and, notably, with David Bowie himself. These synchronous spaces allowed for immediate exchanges on topics ranging from music and art to personal anecdotes, distinguishing them from asynchronous forums by offering unscripted, live engagement.[15] Bowie participated in these chat rooms at least two or three times per week, often entering anonymously under the handle "Sailor," an anagram referencing his Isolar tour. This unannounced presence created spontaneous moments of connection, where he would respond to fan questions, share insights on his creative process, or recommend emerging artists, thereby blurring the lines between celebrity and community member. For instance, transcripts from scheduled live chats, such as the April 27, 1999, session, capture Bowie greeting participants as "Earthlings" and fielding queries about his then-upcoming album Hours. His frequent, low-key involvement—without prior announcements—fostered an intimate atmosphere, making fans feel directly linked to the artist in a way unprecedented for the era.[16][17][18] Direct interactions extended beyond chats to personalized communications, exemplified by Bowie's email exchanges with fans via the service. In one case, Irish fan Dara O’Kearney received an invitation to the guestlist for Bowie's Dublin concerts during the 2003 A Reality Tour following an email conversation where O’Kearney suggested the artist incorporate the Irish phrase "Tiocfaidh ár Lá" into a performance; Bowie later shouted it onstage, confirming the interaction's authenticity to the skeptical fan. Such instances highlighted Bowie's hands-on approach, using BowieNet's tools to build genuine, reciprocal relationships that reinforced the platform's role as a pioneering space for artist-fan dialogue.[19]

Forums and Fan Engagement

BowieNet featured dedicated message boards that served as asynchronous hubs for fans to discuss David Bowie's career, music releases, and related topics, fostering in-depth exchanges beyond real-time interactions. These forums allowed users to share opinions on Bowie's discography, tour experiences, and artistic influences, creating a space for ongoing dialogue that mirrored early online communities. Subscribers could post threads, respond to others, and build connections through moderated discussions, with Bowie occasionally contributing under the pseudonym "Sailor" to answer questions or comment on fan theories, which further animated the boards.[7][20] In addition to forums, BowieNet provided tools for user-to-user networking, including free web hosting that enabled subscribers to create and share personal web spaces within the davidbowie.com domain. Each user received 5 MB of storage to upload custom content such as fan art, essays, or multimedia related to Bowie's work, which could then be linked and promoted across the platform's forums and directories. This feature encouraged collaborative networking, where fans discovered and interacted with each other's hosted pages, effectively turning the service into a proto-social network for sharing creative expressions tied to Bowie's universe.[7][20] These asynchronous tools played a pivotal role in cultivating a global fan community, connecting enthusiasts from diverse locations through shared discussions and content exchange, which helped sustain BowieNet's subscriber base at its peak of approximately 100,000 users. By prioritizing open, rule-light interactions, the platform built lasting bonds among fans worldwide, contributing to high retention rates as users valued the sense of belonging and direct access to a vibrant, Bowie-centric online ecosystem. Bowie's occasional participation in live chats complemented this by occasionally spilling over into forum topics, enhancing overall engagement without overshadowing the user-led conversations.[7][20]

Exclusive Content

Multimedia Archives

BowieNet subscribers gained access to an extensive multimedia archive featuring David Bowie's photographs, spanning his career from early publicity shots to personal snapshots uploaded by the artist himself. This collection allowed users to explore visual documentation of his evolving personas and artistic milestones, providing a curated glimpse into his public and private imagery.[2][15] The archives also included a rich repository of videos and interviews, offering exclusive footage such as clips from the Earthling tour and in-depth discussions where Bowie reflected on his influences and creative decisions. Audio clips rounded out the offerings, with downloadable segments encoded in RealAudio format, including rare recordings and music excerpts not available elsewhere. These elements formed a static, on-demand library that emphasized Bowie's multimedia legacy, enabling fans to revisit key moments at their leisure.[2][15] Beyond performance-related media, the platform hosted personal journals and images of Bowie's paintings, showcasing his ventures into visual art and introspective writing. These journals provided insights into his thought processes, while the paintings highlighted his abstract and experimental styles, bridging his music with fine arts. A comprehensive career chronology, integrated with real-time news feeds, contextualized these archives by mapping Bowie's discography, tours, and collaborations alongside current updates on his projects.[15] Blog-style updates from Bowie himself served as a dynamic extension of the archives, where he shared candid entries on his creative process, daily inspirations, and behind-the-scenes anecdotes, fostering a sense of ongoing connection without the ephemerality of live events. These posts often referenced archival materials, encouraging subscribers to discuss them in integrated chat rooms for deeper engagement.[2][15]

Special Releases and Events

One of the most notable special releases on BowieNet was the exclusive digital availability of David Bowie's album 'hours...', made purchasable as downloadable files starting September 21, 1999, two weeks before its physical CD release on October 4.[21][22] This made Bowie the first major artist to offer a full studio album digitally before physical distribution, available through BowieNet and VirginRecords.com in secure formats like Liquid Audio and Microsoft Windows Media.[22][23] To promote 'hours...', BowieNet subscribers received early access to downloadable 45-second music clips of each track, uploaded seven weeks prior to the album's digital launch.[22] These clips provided preview content tied to Bowie's ongoing projects, allowing fans exclusive insight into new material before wider release. Similar early access extended to snippets from other works, enhancing subscriber engagement with time-sensitive previews.[2] BowieNet also featured event-based exclusives, such as live-streamed performances and recordings accessible only to subscribers. A prominent example was the May 24, 1999, webcast of Bowie recording the track "What's Really Happening?" in the studio, broadcast live via 360-degree interactive video to demonstrate the creative process.[24][25] Subscribers further benefited from bonus materials, including invitations via email to special concerts and behind-the-scenes content linked to Bowie's tours and releases.[12]

Specific Projects

The Song Contest

In 1998, David Bowie launched a groundbreaking lyric-writing contest through BowieNet, inviting fans worldwide to submit verses for a new song he had composed with guitarist Reeves Gabrels. Announced in October and officially opening on November 2, the competition received over 80,000 entries, with participants required to provide three verses that fit the melody of the track provisionally titled "What's Really Happening?"[26][27] This event marked one of the earliest instances of crowd-sourced music creation, leveraging the internet to democratize the songwriting process in an era when online fan engagement was still nascent.[24] The selection process involved public voting to narrow down finalists, after which Bowie personally chose the winning lyrics for their rhythmic fit and witty tone. The victor was 20-year-old Alex Grant from Ohio, whose submission was selected in May 1999; Grant's lines infused the song with themes of media skepticism and personal disconnection, complementing Bowie's vision.[26][24] As the contest winner, Grant was flown to New York, where he and a friend contributed backing vocals during the recording session.[26] On May 24, 1999, the song's reveal and recording were live-streamed from Looking Glass Studios in New York via BowieNet, davidbowie.com, Rolling Stone's website, and Lucent Technologies' platform, using innovative 360-degree video technology for an immersive viewer experience.[26][24] This real-time broadcast, complete with chat features, allowed global audiences to witness the collaboration unfold, from rehearsals to final mixes, establishing "What's Really Happening?" as the first "cyber song" in music history.[24] The track, co-credited to Bowie and Grant, was ultimately released on Bowie's album hours... on October 4, 1999, highlighting the potential of digital platforms for artist-fan partnerships.[26]

LiveAndWell.com

LiveAndWell.com was an exclusive live album released on September 13, 2000, available only to subscribers of BowieNet, David Bowie's internet service provider and fan community platform. The album captured performances from Bowie's 1997 Earthling Tour, featuring 10 tracks recorded at venues including Paradiso in Amsterdam on June 10, 1997, Radio City Music Hall in New York on October 15, 1997, and other stops, showcasing high-energy renditions of songs from the Earthling album alongside earlier hits. This limited-edition double CD served as a key perk for BowieNet members, providing direct access to rare live material not available through commercial channels, as Virgin Records had declined to distribute it widely; the second disc included four rare remixes, such as an unreleased version of "Fun," along with enhanced digital content like a link to the www.liveandwell.com site for further interaction.[28] The album remained unavailable to the general public for two decades, emphasizing its status as a subscriber-exclusive artifact until its first wide release on May 15, 2020, via streaming platforms as part of the Brilliant Live Adventures series, followed by a physical edition on CD and double LP on January 15, 2021. This commercial version compiled the original 10 live tracks with the two bonus live recordings but omitted the remix disc, preserving the unique appeal of the BowieNet originals for early adopters. Archival videos from similar 1997 tour dates, such as the New York performance, later surfaced in official releases, complementing the album's audio captures.[29]

BowieWorld

BowieWorld was a pioneering 3D virtual environment integrated into BowieNet, allowing subscribers to explore an avatar-driven digital city designed with David Bowie's artistic input. Launched in January 1999 via a CD distributed to BowieNet members, it utilized the Worlds.com platform to create a blocky, immersive space where users could customize and control avatars—ranging from humanoid figures to fantastical creatures—to navigate urban landscapes filled with surreal elements like maze-like streets, a penthouse, and a roof garden adorned with flying severed hands.[30][31] The environment featured interactive spaces brimming with Bowie's personal imagery, including posters of his favorite artists, photographs, and paintings that reflected his eclectic aesthetic, alongside embedded music clips and exclusive video content accessible through virtual stores and rooms such as "Chaos" and "Church." Users could wander these areas, discovering hidden interactive elements like a spinning minotaur avatar representing Bowie himself, which tied into themes from his 1990s work such as the album Outside. Navigation was handled via arrow keys in the WorldsPlayer software, enabling fluid movement through the three-dimensional city while fostering a sense of presence in a Bowie-curated world.[15][32][31] As an early experiment in immersive online experiences, BowieWorld predated widespread virtual reality adoption and platforms like Second Life by several years, offering fans a novel way to engage with Bowie's universe through spatial exploration rather than static web pages. It briefly integrated chat functionality for social navigation, allowing avatars to communicate in real-time as they moved through the environment. This virtual component underscored BowieNet's innovative approach to fan-artist interaction, blending technology with artistic expression to create a proto-metaverse that remained accessible to dedicated users even after the service's broader evolution.[33][15]

Closure and Legacy

Shutdown in 2006

BowieNet ceased operations as an Internet service provider in May 2006, marking a quiet end to the service without any major public announcement from David Bowie or the company.[2][11] The closure was not formally disclosed until 2012, when Bowie confirmed it via a Facebook post, stating that "BowieNet, as we have known it, is kaput!"[15][8] Several factors contributed to the shutdown. The widespread adoption of broadband internet in the mid-2000s rendered BowieNet's dial-up model increasingly obsolete, leading to a significant decline in its user base from a peak of around 100,000 subscribers.[20] Additionally, the rise of free social networking platforms like MySpace offered similar community features without requiring a paid ISP subscription, further eroding BowieNet's appeal.[2] Bowie himself had shifted his focus to other creative endeavors, including music production, reducing his direct involvement in the service. Remaining subscribers were notified privately of the impending closure, with access to the dial-up ISP component ending abruptly while the associated website transitioned into a more basic fan club-style platform.[11] Much of the exclusive multimedia content and interactive features from BowieNet were not preserved in the transition, resulting in the loss of archived materials for users after 2006.[15] The davidbowie.com domain continued as a standard informational site, but it lacked the pioneering online community elements that defined the original service.[2]

Influence on the Music Industry

BowieNet is widely recognized as a trailblazer in artist-direct online services, establishing a model for direct fan engagement that influenced the development of modern digital fan clubs and streaming exclusives. Launched in 1998, it provided subscribers with exclusive access to unreleased music, live chats, and interactive content, allowing David Bowie to bypass traditional record labels and connect directly with fans in ways that prefigured platforms like Bandcamp and artist-specific apps on Spotify.[17][2] This direct-to-consumer approach demonstrated the viability of artist-controlled digital communities, shaping how musicians later leveraged online spaces for personalized interactions and content distribution.[7] The service's subscription model, priced at $19.95 per month for full internet access or $5.95 for content-only access, pioneered paid online memberships for music-related exclusives nearly a decade before the rise of services like Spotify's premium tiers or Patreon.[7][17] At its peak, BowieNet attracted around 100,000 subscribers, offering features such as custom davidbowie.com email addresses and forums that fostered a sense of community, thereby validating subscription-based revenue streams for digital music experiences.[34] This structure highlighted the potential for artists to monetize fan loyalty through ongoing, exclusive digital offerings, influencing the subscription economies that dominate the streaming era.[2] In post-2006 retrospectives, BowieNet's cultural legacy has been celebrated as visionary for redefining artist-fan relationships, with outlets like the BBC describing it as "the most groundbreaking reachout to fans" and a key part of Bowie's innovative internet legacy.[15] Ars Technica has similarly noted its role in creating immersive online communities that anticipated social media's impact on music fandom, emphasizing how Bowie's participation in chats and content sharing set a precedent for authentic digital engagement.[7] These analyses underscore BowieNet's enduring influence, positioning it as a foundational experiment that encouraged subsequent artists to adopt technology for deeper, more interactive connections with their audiences.[34]

References

  1. David Bowie correctly predicted the future of the internet 16 years ago
  2. BowieNet: how David Bowie's ISP foresaw the future of the internet
  3. David Bowie: The internet pioneer - BBC News
  4. David Bowie, The Internet Visionary : All Tech Considered - NPR
  5. David Bowie: The internet pioneer - BBC News
  6. David Bowie's Early Websites, 1995–1997: Outside to Earthling
  7. 'The internet is an alien life form': how David Bowie created a market ...
  8. David Bowie's ISP, as remembered by the guy who helped create ...
  9. BowieNet, David Bowie's early Internet Service Provider.
  10. e10-k - SEC.gov
  11. David Bowie 1947-2016: A record-breaking look back at the music ...
  12. Remembering The ISP That David Bowie Ran For Eight Years
  13. Cyberspace oddity: The story of BowieNet - TechRadar
  14. David Bowie, Internet Service Provider: Interview with the guy who ...
  15. Remembering BowieNet: Looking Back on David Bowie's Early ...
  16. David Bowie predicts the rise of social media in vintage clip from 1999
  17. Behind David Bowie's Pioneering Internet Service BowieNet, Where ...
  18. BowieNet Live Chat 27/4/99 - David Bowie Wonderworld
  19. David Bowie shouted Tiocfaidh ár Lá from Dublin stage convincing ...
  20. When David Bowie Launched His Own Internet Service Provider
  21. 'hours...' DIGITAL RELEASED TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO TODAY
  22. How David Bowie Helped Pave the Way For the Download Age
  23. BOWIE'S NEWEST DISC TO HIT WEB BEFORE SHELVES
  24. 15 Years Ago: David Bowie Records The First Cyber Song
  25. David Bowie Records First Cyber Song 'what's Really Happening ...
  26. [PDF] FMQB 2000-03-10.pdf - World Radio History
  27. What's Really Happening? - the David Bowie Bible!
  28. [PDF] First ever cyber song webcast fifteen years ago - David Bowie Latest ...
  29. liveandwell.com - the David Bowie Bible!
  30. LIVEANDWELL.COM (1CD) - Dig! Store - Rhino
  31. https://www.discogs.com/release/16908537-David-Bowie-Liveandwellcom
  32. BLA Part 3 - LIVEANDWELL.COM - David Bowie
  33. From BowieWorld to Facebook: How Online Identity Evolved
  34. Inside David Bowie's insane, disturbing virtual world from 1998 that ...
  35. Living in BowieWorld: How David Bowie invented the Metaverse
  36. An oral history of how David Bowie created the metaverse—more ...
  37. Was David Bowie the first music influencer? - ANU Reporter
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