Cinema of Myanmar

The cinema of Burma dates to the 1910s. The person who created the first silent film was Ohn Maung (Burma's first producer and director).

The Victoria Parsi Theatrical Company screened movies in Rangoon as early as 1898. Carl Hertz also showcased his variety shows along with a 'cinematographie' in Rangoon and Mandalay while touring the world. Burma was also on the tour map of Abdulally Esoofally's (originally Abdul Ali Yusuf Ali) 'Royal Bioscope' tent. Cultural historian Jane M. Ferguson notes, 'Changing technology and expanding consumer demand inspired entrepreneurs to build more permanent homes for this new popular entertainment.' Thus began the construction of the first brick-and-mortar cinema halls in Rangoon. The first multiple-reel feature film screened in 1911.

Burma's first film was a recording of the funeral of Tun Shein, a leading politician of the 1910s who campaigned for Burmese independence in London. Ohn Maung captured his funeral with a second-hand camera. The movie was screened at the Royal Cinema (near Scott Market, now Bogyoke Market) which belonged to a Mr Achar, a friend of Ohn Maung. Despite its documentary nature, the Burmese public was very proud of the film, which opened with the notice "Please accept our apologies for the poor quality of the film".

Ohn Maung then founded The Burma Film Company to produce and direct more films. He hired Nyi Pu (Burma's first actor) to shoot the first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor), which was a major success despite its poor quality due to a fixed camera position and inadequate film accessories. The film opened with the title "Burma Film Presents: Love and Liquor" but there were no credits or mention of the cast. It was based on a story by P Moe Nin about how gambling and alcohol destroyed a man's life. The day the film premiered, 13 October 1920, is commemorated annually as Myanmar Movie Day.

Fox of America asked for Burmese nature study scenes and bought them from Ohn Maung. He also acquired more advanced film accessories and camera from the Kodak Company.

During the 1920s and 1930s, many Burmese-owned film companies (such as A1, New Burma, British Burma, The Imperial, Bandula and Yan Gyi Aung) made and produced several films. Some of the famous directors of this era were Nyi Pu, Sunny, Tote Kyi, and Tin Pe.

The first Burmese sound film was produced in 1932 in Bombay, India with the title Ngwe Pay Lo Ma Ya (Money Can't Buy It) and directed by Tote Kyi. Films dealing with social issues and political themes became popular in the 1930s. Parrot Film Company produced films that addressed social issues such as gambling and police corruption, although they were censored by the British colonial government. There were also films that were banned like Do Daung Lan (Our Peacock Flag) in 1936 and Aung Thabyay (The Triumphant Jambul) in 1937. The political film Boycott was directed by the student leader Ko Nu in 1937 and starred other student leaders such as Aung San and Htun Ohn. The censors allowed this film to be shown.

Many of the films from this era no longer exist due to the lack of adequate preservation.