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AT&T Mobility
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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Two services sections, history is not inline with MOS, lots of information taht is not sourced, and promotional content. Also needs a look at the controversy information per WP:NOCRIT. (January 2025) |
AT&T Mobility, LLC, also known as AT&T Wireless and marketed as simply AT&T, is an American telecommunications company. Formed in April 2000 as Cingular Wireless LLC, It is a wholly owned subsidiary of AT&T Inc. and provides wireless services in the United States. AT&T Mobility is the third largest wireless carrier in the United States, with 120.1 million subscribers as of December 31, 2025.[3]
Key Information
The company is headquartered in Brookhaven, Georgia. Originally known as Cingular Wireless (a joint venture between SBC Communications and BellSouth) from 2000 to 2007, the company acquired the old AT&T Wireless in 2004; SBC later acquired the original AT&T and adopted its name. Cingular became wholly owned by AT&T in December 2006 as a result of AT&T's acquisition of BellSouth.
In January 2007, Cingular confirmed it would rebrand itself under the AT&T name. Although the legal corporate name change occurred immediately, for both regulatory and brand-awareness reasons both brands were used in the company's signage and advertising during a transition period.[4] The transition concluded in late June, just prior to the rollout of the Apple iPhone.
On March 20, 2011, AT&T Mobility announced its intention to acquire T-Mobile US from Deutsche Telekom for $39 billion. If it had received government and regulatory approval, AT&T would have had more than 130 million subscribers.[5] However, the U.S. Department of Justice, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and AT&T Mobility's competitors (such as Sprint Corporation) opposed the move on the grounds that it would substantially reduce competition in the cellular network market. In December 2011, in the face of both governmental and widespread consumer opposition, AT&T withdrew its offer to complete the merger.[6]
Services
[edit]AT&T offers three tiers of its Unlimited Your Way plan, AT&T Unlimited Premium PL, AT&T Unlimited Extra EL, and AT&T Unlimited Starter SL. Customers can also choose from either the AT&T Value Plus VL, or AT&T 4 GB plans. All plans come with unlimited talk and text, with unlimited data on all except the AT&T 4 GB plan.[7] The higher tier plans include premium data that offers superior service, up to the allotted limit on each line during a bill cycle, plus other features like Mobile Hotspot and more.[7] The AT&T Unlimited Premium® PL plan also includes unlimited talk, text, and data in 20 Latin American countries including the Dominican Republic, included at no extra charge.[8] As of January 8, 2016, AT&T no longer offers two-year contracts for subsidized smartphones on consumer accounts. Customers who currently have two-year contracts are grandfathered until they upgrade to a new device, in which case they will have to choose from AT&T's NEXT installment plans for smartphones.[9] Unlimited data plans may be throttled based on the terms of the plan.[10]
AT&T also allows existing customers to stay on legacy right plans; however, reserves the right to terminate or require a plan change per its terms of service.[11]

Within AT&T's 21-state landline footprint, other AT&T services are offered at the AT&T retail stores, including signing up for home phone, internet, and U-verse. AT&T stores outside of its footprint offer wireless services. AT&T also provides free-email services to its customers.[12]
Employees
[edit]A large number of AT&T Mobility employees are unionized, belonging to the Communications Workers of America. The CWA represented roughly 15,000 of the previous 20,000 formerly AT&T Wireless employees as of early 2006.[13] As of the end of 2009, the CWA website claims that roughly 40,000 workers of AT&T Mobility are represented by the union.[14]
History
[edit]Cingular Wireless
[edit]

Cingular Wireless was a wireless telecommunications company that was founded in April 2000 as a joint venture of SBC Communications and BellSouth.[15] The joint venture created the nation's second-largest carrier. Cingular grew out of a conglomeration of more than 100 companies,[16] including 12 well-known regional companies with Bell roots. The 12 companies included:
- Three companies spun off from Advanced Mobile Phone Service
- BellSouth Mobility DCS
- BellSouth Wireless Data
- CCPR Services d/b/a Cellular One of Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands
- Pacific Bell Wireless
- Pacific Bell Wireless Northwest
- SBC Wireless
- SNET Mobility
- Southwestern Bell Wireless
SBC Wireless had previously operated in several northeast markets under the "Cellular One" brand, while BellSouth's wireless operations incorporated the former Houston Cellular.
Cingular's lineage can be traced back to Advanced Mobile Phone Service, which was a subsidiary of AT&T created in 1978 to provide cellular service nationwide. AMPS was divided among the Regional Bell Operating Companies as part of the Bell System divestiture.
With the exception of Pacific Bell and BellSouth Mobility DCS, the digital network consisted of D-AMPS technology. The Pacific Bell and BellSouth Mobility DCS networks used GSM technology on the PCS frequency band (1900 MHz).
In October 2007, AT&T's president and chief executive officer Stan Sigman announced his retirement. Ralph de la Vega, group president-Regional Telecom & Entertainment, was named as president and CEO of AT&T Mobility.[17]
AT&T Wireless merger
[edit]In February 2004, after a bidding war with Britain's Vodafone Plc (at the time a part-owner of Verizon Wireless), Cingular announced that it would purchase its struggling competitor, AT&T Wireless Services, for $41 billion. This was more than twice the company's trading value.
The merger was completed on October 26, 2004. The combined company had a customer base of 46 million people at the time, making Cingular the largest wireless provider in the United States. AT&T Wireless was then legally renamed New Cingular Wireless Services.[18] Shortly after, new commercials were shown with the "AT&T" transforming into the Cingular logo, and with the Cingular logo's text turned blue to acknowledge the change. Some of the companies that comprised Cingular, such as BellSouth Mobility, ceased to exist when they were legally merged into the operating company subsidiary AT&T Wireless PCS, which was New Cingular Wireless PCS.[citation needed]
First announced on June 22, 2005, Cingular Wireless announced the intention to divest its Caribbean and Bermuda operations and licenses which it acquired from the acquisition of AT&T Wireless, to Irish-owned and Jamaica-based Digicel Group under undisclosed financial terms.[19][20][21][22]
In 2006, one year following the deal, a high-ranking source allegedly close to the sale pointed the Barbados Daily Nation Newspaper towards some SEC filings made by Cingular which were said to establish an idea of the approximate sale price of the deal. According to the SEC filings Cingular was paid around $122 million, with much of that cost going towards the purchase of the former AT&T Wireless assets in Barbados by Digicel.[citation needed]
At the time of the merger, there were two networks: the historic AT&T Blue Network and the Cingular Orange Network. Both networks contained a mix of both TDMA and GSM facilities. Approximately 50,000 cell sites had to be melded together. From a technical standpoint, the "blue" and "orange" networks were considered different networks until integration was completed in 2005.[23] Enhanced Network Selection (ENS) was used to home cellular devices on either the "blue" or "orange" network during this process.
The New AT&T
[edit]
On November 21, 2005, Ed Whitacre, then CEO of the newly merged SBC/AT&T, announced plans to market Cingular's service under the AT&T brand. BellSouth spokesman Jeff Battcher countered that the terms of the joint venture allow either party to sell the service under another name, and that he believes they will be using the brand to market to business customers.[24] Cingular president Stan Sigman concurred with BellSouth's position, indicating that the Cingular brand would continue but be sold under the AT&T brand where offered in packages with other AT&T services, such as data and wireline telephony.
However, AT&T announced on March 5, 2006, that AT&T would merge with BellSouth.[25] The acquisition was finalized on December 29, 2006, when the FCC gave its final approval. The following month, AT&T announced that it would phase out the Cingular brand across all of its services and replace it with AT&T, with an accompanying advertising campaign branding the combined company as "The New AT&T." Commercials featured the orange Cingular "Jack" logo encircling the AT&T globe logo several times, dragging its blue bars behind it to form the globe's blue stripes, before finally disappearing behind it, being backed by the chorus of the Oasis song "All Around the World". AT&T added the color orange to its signage to reflect the change;[26][27] AT&T would eventually remove orange in 2015 following another rebranding related to its acquisition of DirecTV.
In November 2007, AT&T merged with Dobson Communications, who owned Cellular One and was a roaming partner of AT&T, for $2.8 billion. The sale added 1.7 million subscribers and expanded AT&T coverage in various suburban and rural markets (including Alaska).[28] On November 7, 2008, AT&T announced its intent to acquire Centennial Wireless for $944 million, expanding its coverage in the Midwest, southern U.S., and Puerto Rico.[29]
Failed acquisition of T-Mobile USA
[edit]On March 20, 2011, AT&T and Deutsche Telekom announced that AT&T had agreed to acquire T-Mobile USA from Deutsche Telekom in a deal estimated to be worth $39 billion in cash and stock. AT&T said the deal was expected to close in 12 months and was subject to regulatory approval. As of June 2011, it was being examined by the FCC.[30] On August 31, 2011, the United States Department of Justice formally announced that it had filed a lawsuit to block the merger.[31] On November 22, 2011, FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski recommended sending AT&T's proposed T-Mobile acquisition to an administrative law judge for review and a hearing.[32] On November 23, 2011, AT&T withdrew its application with the FCC regarding the acquisition of T-Mobile USA. They also indicated that they would recognize a $4 billion accounting charge in the event of a deal collapse. That charge covers a $3 billion cash breakup fee and $1 billion as the market value for the spectrum they were required to transfer to T-Mobile if the deal failed to complete.[33]
2012–present
[edit]On August 2, 2012, AT&T announced its intent to acquire NextWave Wireless.[34] On January 22, 2013, AT&T announced its intent to acquire the U.S. retail wireless operations of Atlantic Tele-Network, doing business as Alltel, for $780 million.[35] On June 24, 2014, Plateau Wireless announced the sale of assets and operations in eastern New Mexico and west Texas to AT&T, including wireless spectrum and 40,000 customers.[36][37]
In November 2014 and January 2015, AT&T acquired the Mexican wireless carriers Iusacell and Nextel Mexico to form AT&T Mexico.[38][39]
On October 9, 2019, Liberty Cablevision of Puerto Rico's parent company (Liberty Latin America), announced the acquisition of AT&T Wireless Services in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, in a $1.95 billion deal. The sale was completed on November 2, 2020. In May 2021, the company began promoting AT&T and Liberty as a unified brand. In September 2021, Liberty began phasing out the AT&T brand and introduced a new logo.
On February 22, 2024, a massive outage affected customers nationwide.
Network
[edit]GSM facilities
[edit]
In California, Nevada, Northern New Jersey and New York City, Cingular and T-Mobile USA maintained and shared a GSM-1900 network prior to the acquisition of AT&T Wireless, through a joint venture known as GSM Facilities. The network sharing agreement allowed Cingular to offer local service in northern New Jersey and New York City and T-Mobile USA to offer service in California and Nevada. On May 25, 2004, Cingular and T-Mobile USA announced their intention to dissolve the agreement contingent on Cingular's successful acquisition of AT&T Wireless, the Cingular network was transferred to T-Mobile USA, with Cingular continuing work on the GSM facilities at AT&T Wireless sites.[40]
Fiber network switching facilities
[edit]AT&T has a global sub-sea Tier-1 fiber network switching facility on St. Croix in the U.S. Virgin Islands, in conjunction with University of the Virgin Islands Research and Technology Park.
Radio frequency summary
[edit]
The following is a list of known frequencies that AT&T employs in the United States.
| Frequency range | Band number |
Protocol | Generation | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 700 MHz Lower SMH A/B/C/D/E Blocks, Upper D Block | 12/17 | LTE/LTE-A/ LTE-A Pro |
4G | Active/Building Out | Bands 12 and 17 are AT&T's main LTE bands for coverage. |
| 14 | Band 14 was acquired from FirstNet. Used for public safety services, although commercial uses are permitted (with lower priority). Spectrum possession covers 100% of the United States. | ||||
| 29 | Band 29 is only for supplemental downlink. | ||||
| 850 MHz CLR | 5 | Active/Refarming to 5G | Band 5 LTE has been shut down in many markets, and moved entirely to 5G.[41] | ||
| 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS | 4 | Active/Building Out | Additional LTE bands for capacity. | ||
| 66 | |||||
| 1.9 GHz PCS | 2 | ||||
| 2.3 GHz WCS | 30 | ||||
| 3.5 GHz CBRS | 48 | Used for coverage in select indoor areas, with additional expansion possible.[42][43] | |||
| 5.2 GHz U-NII | 46 | Only for downlink acceleration in key market area. | |||
| 850 MHz CLR | n5 | NR | 5G | Branded as "5G ". Primary band for 5G NR network for consumers in many markets. | |
| 1.7/2.1 GHz AWS | n66 | Branded as "5G ". Additional 5G capacity in some markets. | |||
| 1.9 GHz PCS | n2 | Branded as "5G ". Provides 5G NR network coverage in some markets. Began deployment in late 2020 via DSS with LTE. | |||
| 3.45 GHz C-Band | n77 | Branded as "5G+ ". Provides mid-band 5G coverage. Acquired in 2021 auction, with deployment beginning the year after.[44] Spectrum possession covers 100% of the United States. | |||
| 3.7 GHz C-Band | Branded as "5G+ ". Provides mid-band 5G coverage. Went live on January 19, 2022.[45] Spectrum possession covers 100% of the United States. | ||||
| 39 GHz Ka-band | n260 | Branded as "5G+ " . Provides mmWave 5G coverage for high-speed. Only available in select areas. Went live in December 2018. |
Past networks
[edit]
The following chart lists the networks that AT&T previously operated.
| Frequency Band | Band number | Protocol | Generation | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 850 MHz CLR | N/A | AMPS | 1G | Retired | Network was retired on March 1, 2008.[46][47] |
| 850 MHz CLR | D-AMPS | 2G | |||
| 1.9 GHz PCS | Network was retired on July 15, 2007.[48][49][50] | ||||
| 850 MHz CLR | 5 | GSM/GPRS/EDGE | Network was retired on January 1, 2017.[51] | ||
| 1.9 GHz PCS | 2 | ||||
| 850 MHz CLR | 5 | UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+ | 3G | AT&T marketed its HSPA/HSPA+ services as "4G".[52][53] Network was retired on February 22, 2022.[54] | |
| 1.9 GHz PCS | 2 |
Coverage
[edit]As a result of its formation through mergers and acquisitions, as well as the rapid technological change in the wireless industry, AT&T operates the second-largest digital voice and data network within its United States footprint. AT&T's network footprint supports 4G and uses LTE/LTE-Advanced for simultaneous packet switched voice and data communications. AT&T is also in the process of rolling out its 5G network based on the NR specification.
Cingular, the predecessor to AT&T, supported legacy D-AMPS/TDMA and analog wireless networks. In March 2006, Cingular announced that these networks would be shut down by February 2008. As of March 31, 2007, Cingular ended TDMA supported for GoPhone (pre-paid) customers. On July 15, 2007, AT&T TDMA on 1900 MHz was retired, while TDMA on 850 MHz remained.[48][49][50] On February 18, 2008, AT&T Mobility officially ended service on their AMPS and remaining TDMA network, except for in areas previously operated by Dobson Communications; the Dobson AMPS and TDMA network was shut down March 1, 2008.[46] Networks formerly operated by AT&T predecessors including Cingular also include various paging services and the Cingular Interactive division, which became Velocita Wireless. Velocita was later purchased by Sprint Nextel.[55] AT&T also offered Enhanced Push To Talk (PTT) services on smartphones. The original PTT service was sunset.
The AT&T wireless data network began in 2002 as a Cingular initiative called "Project Genesis" that involved a GPRS overlay of the entire wireless network. Project Genesis was completed by the end of 2004. Later, this network was upgraded to EDGE across the GSM footprint.
In 2005, AT&T launched a broadband network known as "BroadbandConnect", based on UMTS and HSDPA, to counter Verizon Wireless and Sprint's EV-DO networks. UMTS service was launched on December 6, 2005, in Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, Salt Lake City, San Jose, San Diego, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Puerto Rico, Austin, Houston, Dallas, Detroit, Chicago, Boston, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C., and expanded to all major metropolitan markets by the end of 2006. As of early 2009, AT&T Mobility has completed its upgrade of the 3G to HSUPA,[56]
In 2011, it was reported that AT&T would upgrade its network to HSPA+ throughout the year, which it would market as offering 4G-grade speeds.[52][53] On September 18, 2011, AT&T first launched LTE service in 5 U.S. metropolitan areas, with plans for serving 15 markets by the end of the year. AT&T's LTE rollout was noticeably slower than that of its competitor, Verizon Wireless, with the company stating that its then-proposed acquisition of T-Mobile USA would be necessary.[57] In November 2012, AT&T promoted the network as serving 150 million users, with plans to double its coverage by 2014.[58]
On January 1, 2017, AT&T discontinued its 2G GSM network.[51][59]
In April 2017, AT&T announced that it would upgrade its existing LTE networks in selected markets to support LTE Advanced and LTE Advanced Pro features, marketed as "5G Evolution" (5G E).[60]
In January 2018, AT&T stated that it intended to deploy 5G NR service by the end of the year.[61]
On February 22, 2022, AT&T discontinued its 3G UMTS network[54]
AT&T operates the second-largest 5G network in the U.S. with approximately 30% of the nation covered.[62] AT&T uses low, mid, and high band frequencies. Mid and high band 5G is marketed as 5G+ and offers much faster speeds than low band.[63] Continuous expansion of the 5G network, especially mid-band 5G+, is planned through 2023. AT&T plans to cover 200 million people with 5G+ by the end of 2023.[64]
Marketing
[edit]"Fewest dropped calls"
[edit]During the first quarter of 2006, Telephia reported that during an extensive nationwide test of major wireless carriers in 350 metropolitan markets around the country, Cingular dropped the fewest calls across the country. In turn, Cingular began aggressively advertising the "Allover Network", citing Telephia as "the leading independent research company." Telephia's report was in stark contrast to the Consumers Union publication, Consumer Reports, based on a survey of 50,000 of its members in 18 cities, which criticized Cingular for static and dropped calls.[65] Furthermore, J.D. Power and Associates consistently ranked Cingular at or near the bottom of every geographical region in its 2006 Wireless Call Quality Study, which is based on a smaller survey of 23,000 wireless users. This campaign had to come to an abrupt end.
Telephia, which tests wireless networks by making over 6 million calls per year in what it claims is the world's largest wireless network test program, initially refused to provide details on its study, and a spokesman for the company has said, according to the Boston Globe, that "Cingular shouldn't have even mentioned the company's name to a reporter."[66] The research company later stated that Cingular did, indeed, have a "statistically significant lower dropped-call rate than the competition across some market/time period groupings", but that Telephia had "no knowledge of the specific methodology (markets, time periods or statistical thresholds) that Cingular used for its 'lowest dropped call' claim."[67] While AT&T has abandoned its verbal claim of "The Fewest Dropped Calls" in its commercials, it continues to show situations where two persons are speaking with each other on their phones, and one of the users' call drops. AT&T now states "We are still continuing to run ads that emphasize the importance of not dropping calls. That campaign is continuing."[68]
iPhone
[edit]On June 29, 2007, Apple's iPhone was introduced to the United States market, and AT&T was the exclusive carrier for the device within the United States until February 10, 2011, when the iPhone 4 was launched on the Verizon network.
Teething problems with AT&T's billing process emerged soon after the iPhone's release, as early adopters started receiving exceptionally detailed monthly telephone bills[69] with one of the most notable being the 300-page iPhone bill that was featured in an online video by YouTube influencer iJustine.[70][71]
Apple launched the iPhone 3G with AT&T on July 11, 2008. Although specific AT&T sales numbers are unavailable, Apple announced that over 1 million iPhone 3G devices were sold during the first three days — in contrast, according to Steve Jobs, Apple's CEO, "It took 74 days to sell the first one million original iPhones."[72] In August 2008, Best Buy announced that it would begin selling the iPhone 3G for use on the AT&T network.[73] In September 2008, AT&T announced that it would also sell the iPhone 3G in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.[74]
The iPhone 4 was released on June 24, 2010. According to Apple, over 1.7 million iPhone 4 units were sold in the first few days, which is the most out of any phone ever sold. These sales propelled AT&T to strong Q2 results.
The iPhone 5 was released on September 12, 2012. Apple reported selling 5 million iPhone 5's in the first weekend.[75] AT&T activated 8.5 million iPhones in Q4 of 2012.[76]
Android-based smart phones
[edit]On February 18, 2010, AT&T announced that on March 7, 2010, it would introduce its first smart phone based on Google's Android operating system,[77] the Motorola Backflip.[78][79] On March 22, 2010, AT&T announced that its second Android handset would be the Dell Aero, a revised version of the Dell Mini 3.[80] However, the second Android phone AT&T released was the HTC Aria[81][82][83] which was announced on June 14, 2010, and released on June 20, 2010. The Samsung Captivate, which is part of the Galaxy S family, was released on AT&T's network on July 18, 2010. In addition to devices released on AT&T were a line of handsets manufactured by Motorola. The Motorola Flipout, followed by the Motorola Flipside and the Motorola Bravo all run Android 2.1 and were all released Q4 2010. Three new 4G Android devices were announced for release within the first and second quarter of the fiscal year 2011, including the Motorola Atrix 4G, the HTC Inspire 4G, and the Samsung Infuse 4G. HTC Inspire 4G being the first, preceded by the Motorola Atrix 4G are, available through AT&T's 4G network.[84] These three devices are all running Android 2.2 (Froyo) and are expected to be upgraded to Android 2.3 Gingerbread later in the year, along with an update to "enable" 4G uploads. Unlike other United States networks with Android-based phones, AT&T did not allow non-market apps to be installed. However, on May 16, 2011, AT&T announced that some current and future Android devices will come with an option to allow the installation of unofficial applications.[85]
4G LTE (long-term evolution)
[edit]In a BBDO campaign for 4G and 4G LTE started in November 2012, Beck Bennett interviewed children in commercials directed by Jorma Taccone, with the slogan "It's not complicated." The children were asked whether fast or slow is better, or whether two is better than one.[86][87][88] Taccone said "The spots are 'guided' improv", meaning the children were allowed to be natural until others had to step in and help.[87]
In Need for Speed Games
[edit]In the NFS games Underground 2 to Carbon, the network (as Cingular) was shown as the mobile internet provider in the ingame voice/text message.[89]
Current services
[edit]AT&T reintroduced unlimited plans in 2016; on launch, users were required to subscribe to an AT&T-owned pay television service (DirecTV or U-verse) in order to be eligible.[90] In April 2017, the Unlimited Plus plan was reduced in price, and a complimentary subscription to HBO (either as part of an AT&T-owned pay television service, or standalone via HBO GO) was added to both plans.[91][92] In June 2018, the two plans were discontinued for new subscribers and replaced by similar "Unlimited & More" plans, which both include AT&T's new "Watch TV" service (which includes a selection of entertainment cable networks) at no charge, and Unlimited & More Premium allowing users to also choose a premium subscription service (such as Cinemax, HBO, Showtime, Spotify, Starz, Amazon Music Unlimited, Pandora Premium, or VRV) as an add-on. The basic Unlimited & More plan is restricted to standard definition video streaming.[93][94][95]
AT&T Prepaid
[edit]AT&T Prepaid (stylized AT&T PREPAID; formerly GoPhone) is a prepaid mobile phone service from AT&T Mobility.
The GoPhone name and product were originally conceived and implemented by McCaw Cellular by its founder Craig McCaw and first used in commerce in 1987 by his company. It was later bought by AT&T in 1995 and used by the pre-2004 "AT&T Wireless" after Cingular's purchase of AT&T Wireless in 2004 for $41 billion.[96] At that time, Cingular was jointly owned by SBC Communications (Southwestern Bell Corporation) of San Antonio, Texas, which owned 60 percent, and BellSouth of Atlanta, Georgia.[96]
The original GoPhone service was discontinued and Cingular renamed its prepaid services under GoPhone. The GoPhone brand name was still in use even after "Cingular" renamed itself "AT&T Mobility" until 2017 when it was rebranded AT&T PREPAID.[97]
As of January 2019, AT&T Prepaid has 6 million subscribers.[98]
NumberSync
[edit]NumberSync was introduced in 2015. The service allows AT&T postpaid wireless customers to use one telephone number to send and receive calls and text messages across all of their supported devices.[99]
Controversies
[edit]Misrepresentation of network technology
[edit]Misrepresentation as 4G (LTE)
[edit]In 2011, following a similar change by T-Mobile USA,[100] AT&T began marketing both its HSPA and HSPA+ services as "4G", and distributed phone software patches changing their network indicators to identify these services as such. With the ITU having expanded its definition of 4G to include HSPA+,[101] AT&T decided to label 14 Mbit/s HSPA devices and service as HSPA+, and thus 4G. Standard HSPA service, however, never met 4G standards, nor are these HSPA devices (non-Evolved) actually capable of operating at HSPA+ speeds.[102] Media outlets considered this branding to be deceptive. Concerns were also expressed over the possibility of confusion when actual 4G VoLTE networks were to be eventually deployed.[103][104][105][106]
Misrepresentation as 5G
[edit]In 2017, AT&T began to similarly use the trademark 5G Evolution (5G E) to refer to LTE networks upgraded to support higher data speeds via LTE Advanced and LTE Advanced Pro features, such as 4x4 MIMO antennas, 256-QAM, and three-way carrier aggregation. AT&T promotes these networks as having a theoretical top speed of 400 Mbit/s.[107][108][109] In late-2018, AT&T distributed phone software patches changing network indicators to refer to these networks as such.[106][110]
5G Evolution is entirely unrelated to actual 5G wireless standards; AT&T states that these technologies "serve as the runway to 5G by boosting the existing LTE network and priming it for the future of connectivity",[111] and argued that "the customer doesn't need to think about the exact technology – they only care on the performance and what it enables."[112] AT&T marketing likewise promotes this network with the slogan "The First Step to 5G".[113]
AT&T once again faced allegations that the branding was misleading, because it is merely a rebranding of existing 4G networks in order to ride upon consumer anticipation of actual 5G technology.[114][115] T-Mobile US and Verizon Wireless have deployed similar late-stage upgrades in a larger number of markets than AT&T, but promote them as being upgrades to their 4G LTE service. T-Mobile mocked the branding via a video on Twitter, showing a person applying a sticky note reading "9G" over the LTE indicator on an iPhone, captioned "didn't realize it was this easy, brb updating".[116][117] Technology website The Verge noted that the South American wireless carrier Claro had been using the branding "4.5G" (stylized to make the 4 slightly smaller than the 5) to promote similar upgrades to its LTE service, but felt that this brand was "not as baldfaced a deception as AT&T's 5G E".[118]
In February 2019, Sprint Corporation sued AT&T Mobility for false advertising, presenting evidence that consumers were being misled into believing these services were of equal or higher performance than actual 5G networks. Sprint sought an injunction to halt AT&T's promotion of the network with this trademark.[119] However, the two parties later settled, with AT&T being allowed to continue to promote their network with the trademark.[120]
In May 2020, following complaints by T-Mobile to the National Advertising Division, the National Advertising Review Board (NARB) recommended that AT&T stop using "5G Evolution" or "The First Step to 5G" in advertising, as "the term 'Evolution' is not likely to alert consumers to the fact that the service is not 5G." AT&T stated that it would not use "5G Evolution" or the slogan in future advertising, but that it will still use the 5G E logo, and not remove the indicator from devices.[113]
NASCAR sponsorship conflict
[edit]
Cingular Wireless began its sponsorship of the #31 Chevrolet, owned by Richard Childress Racing, in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series in 2002. Two years later, when Nextel Communications (now Sprint Corporation) purchased the naming rights to NASCAR's top division (rebranding the division as the Nextel Cup, and later the Sprint Cup), Cingular and Alltel, sponsor of the #12 Dodge (owned by Penske Racing and driven by Ryan Newman), were allowed to stay as sponsors under a grandfather clause. In early 2007, following its purchase by AT&T, Cingular began a re-branding effort to the AT&T Mobility brand. NASCAR quickly claimed that a clause in their contract with Sprint Nextel (the Viceroy rule) would not allow Cingular to change either the name or brand advertised on the #31 car.
After trying and failing to persuade NASCAR to approve the addition of the AT&T globe logo to the rear of the car, AT&T filed a lawsuit against NASCAR on March 16, 2007. On May 18, AT&T won a preliminary injunction in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia in Atlanta and, following a failed emergency motion for a stay by NASCAR on May 19, re-branded the #31 car, driven by Jeff Burton, in time for the Nextel All-Star Challenge that evening.[121][122] NASCAR was later granted an appeal to be heard on August 2.
On June 17, NASCAR announced it had filed a US$100 million lawsuit against AT&T and would like AT&T and all other rival telecommunications companies out of the sport in 2008.[123]
On August 13, a ruling by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit cleared the way for NASCAR to prevent AT&T from featuring its logo on the car. The 11th Circuit dismissed a lower court's ruling that prevented NASCAR from stopping AT&T's plans. The appeals court remanded the case to the district court.[124]
At first practice for the Sharpie 500 at Bristol Motor Speedway on August 24, the #31 car was colored orange and black, but was bare; that is, associate sponsors appeared, but no primary sponsors were on the car, similar to Formula One cars run in races where tobacco advertising is prohibited. The pit crew wore grey Richard Childress Racing shirts and Burton had a plain orange fire suit with associate sponsors. The car, which carried a "subliminal advertising" scheme, arrived in a black hauler with only the number 31 on the side. NASCAR officials said the car would not have made it through inspection with the AT&T logos.[125] During that weekend, AT&T claimed that two alternate paint schemes proposed by AT&T — one advertising its "go phone" and another with the old Cingular slogan "more bars in more places" that AT&T recently brought back — were rejected by NASCAR. The Go Phone scheme had been used in the past.[126] NASCAR later denied these claims.[127]
On September 7, 2007, a settlement was reached where AT&T Mobility could remain on the #31 car until the end of 2008, but the associate sponsorship of the #29 Nationwide Series Holiday Inn Chevrolet was not affected, because it is in a lower series.[128]
No division of AT&T have sponsored any organization in NASCAR since, even though the Viceroy rule changed from telecommunications companies to beverages when Monster Energy took over sponsorship of the Cup Series in 2017 before NASCAR removed series title sponsorship in the Cup Series altogether, effectively removing any restrictions on which brands can sponsor teams, pursuant to NASCAR approval. In fact, AT&T's parent division had sued a NASCAR team and driver it sponsored, Mike Borkowski, on performance grounds.[129]
Throttling of "unlimited" plans
[edit]In 2012, AT&T came under scrutiny for throttling the speed of data delivered to consumers with an unlimited data plan. The company has claimed that, despite its claim of network speeds, it is within its legal rights to reduce the speed of data to consumers who reach preset thresholds. In May 2012, Matt Spaccarelli, a truck driver, won a small claims lawsuit against the company for slowing down his service. A Simi Valley, California judge awarded Spaccarelli $850, agreeing that "unlimited" service shouldn't be subject to slowdowns.[130] Additionally, AT&T's user agreement does not permit class-action suits against the company.[131]
In 2014, the FTC sued AT&T for deceptive business practices.[132] In November 2019, AT&T agreed to pay $60 million to settle the suit, which must be distributed as a "partial refund" to customers who signed up for the affected plans prior to 2011. It also agreed to prominently disclose any throttling restrictions it imposes on its wireless plans in the future.[133]
Mobility Administrative Fee
[edit]In May 2013, AT&T added a 61 cent "Mobility Administrative Fee" per-month per-line to all of its wireless postpaid lines, including lines still under service contract. The fee appears "below the line" making it appear like a tax at the bottom of a customer's phone bill. This fee is thought to bring more than a half-billion dollars in a year for AT&T, which claims the fee is for covering the cost of cell sites and maintenance.[134] In June 2018, AT&T raised the administrative fee to $1.99 from 76 cents per-line.[135]
Illegal location data sharing
[edit]In April 2024, AT&T was fined $57 million by the FCC for illegally sharing access to customers' real-time location data.[136] In response, AT&T criticized the FCC's decision, claiming it lacked "both legal and factual merit."[136]
Other AT&T’s subsidiaries/brands
[edit]- AT&T Prepaid (formerly AT&T GoPhone)
- Cricket Wireless
- AT&T Mexico
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External links
[edit]AT&T Mobility
View on GrokipediaAT&T Mobility LLC is the primary wireless telecommunications subsidiary of AT&T Inc., delivering nationwide high-speed 5G voice and data services to consumer, business, and wholesale subscribers throughout the United States.[1]
Originating from the pioneering launch of commercial cellular telephone service on October 13, 1983, in Chicago, AT&T Mobility evolved through mergers, including the acquisition of AT&T Wireless by Cingular Wireless in 2004 and subsequent rebranding to AT&T Mobility in 2007 following AT&T's corporate restructuring.[2][3]
As of 2025, it operates the largest wireless network in North America by coverage, holding approximately 29% of the U.S. wireless market share and serving over 110 million postpaid phone subscribers, with ongoing expansions in 5G and fiber integration driving subscriber growth.[4][5][6]
Notable achievements include leading mid-band 5G deployment and innovations in mobile connectivity that have transformed consumer and enterprise communications, though the company has encountered controversies such as a 2024 data breach exposing call records of nearly all customers and regulatory fines for misleading data practices and throttling.[4][7][8][9]
Company Overview
Formation and Ownership
AT&T Mobility traces its origins to Cingular Wireless LLC, established in April 2000 as a joint venture between SBC Communications Inc. and BellSouth Corporation to consolidate their wireless operations.[10] Initially, SBC held a 60% stake while BellSouth owned 40%, enabling Cingular to launch as a unified brand serving over 20 million customers across multiple regions.[11] In February 2004, Cingular announced its $41 billion acquisition of AT&T Wireless Services Inc., a transaction approved by regulators and completed on October 26, 2004, which expanded its subscriber base to approximately 46 million and positioned it as the largest U.S. wireless provider at the time.[12][13] This merger integrated AT&T Wireless's national footprint, including advanced EDGE network capabilities, into Cingular's primarily regional infrastructure. Subsequent corporate consolidations solidified AT&T Mobility's structure. SBC Communications acquired AT&T Corp. for $16 billion, closing on November 18, 2005, after which SBC rebranded as AT&T Inc.[14][15] AT&T Inc. then purchased BellSouth for $86 billion, finalized on December 29, 2006, granting it 100% ownership of Cingular.[16][17] Cingular was rebranded as AT&T Mobility starting in January 2007, with the transition completing by mid-year.[18] AT&T Mobility has since operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of AT&T Inc., with no changes to this ownership structure as of 2025.[19][20]Market Position and Scale
AT&T Mobility ranks as one of the three leading wireless providers in the United States, alongside Verizon and T-Mobile US, collectively controlling the majority of the market. As of early 2025, T-Mobile held a 35% market share, Verizon 34%, with AT&T maintaining a substantial position among the dominant carriers in a sector characterized by high subscriber penetration and maturing growth.[21] In 2023, AT&T's share stood at 32.8%, reflecting its established scale despite competitive pressures from spectrum auctions and 5G deployments that have enabled rivals' gains.[22] The division's scale is evidenced by its revenue generation, with wireless service revenues reaching $68.04 billion in 2024, comprising 55.62% of AT&T Inc.'s total revenues and underscoring mobility as the core business driver.[23] In the third quarter of 2025, mobility revenues totaled $21.71 billion, supported by postpaid phone average revenue per user growth and equipment sales, though slightly below analyst expectations.[24] Subscriber metrics further highlight its position: AT&T added 405,000 net postpaid phone subscribers in Q3 2025, exceeding forecasts and indicating sustained demand for bundled services amid a saturated U.S. wireless market of approximately 579 million total connections as of 2024.[25][26] AT&T's network infrastructure supports broad coverage, with ongoing investments in 5G enabling convergence with fiber broadband, where over 41% of fiber households also subscribe to mobility services as of Q3 2025.[25] This integration bolsters retention in a competitive landscape, where postpaid churn remained low at 0.92% for the quarter.[27]Historical Development
Origins in Regional Bell Operating Companies
Following the divestiture of AT&T Corporation mandated by a 1982 antitrust consent decree and effective January 1, 1984, the Bell System was restructured into seven independent Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs), each responsible for local telephone service in designated regions.[28] These RBOCs, including Southwestern Bell Corporation and BellSouth Corporation, received allocations of cellular spectrum licenses from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), which had reserved one of two available licenses in each market for incumbent wireline telephone companies to facilitate rapid deployment of cellular technology.[29] This allocation positioned the RBOCs as early pioneers in commercial cellular service, leveraging their existing wireline infrastructure for mobile telephony rollout. Southwestern Bell Corporation, operating primarily in the South Central and Southwestern United States, established Southwestern Bell Mobile Systems as its wireless division shortly after the divestiture. This entity traced its roots to the pre-divestiture Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) experiments but focused post-1984 on deploying non-wireline cellular networks under FCC licenses granted to local operating companies.[30] By the late 1980s, Southwestern Bell Mobile Systems had expanded service in major markets like St. Louis and Dallas, initially offering analog AMPS-based mobile phone service to business and affluent customers. Similarly, BellSouth Corporation, serving the Southeast, launched BellSouth Mobility in March 1984 with an initial cellular system in Chattanooga, Tennessee, through a joint venture that quickly scaled to cover Atlanta and other regional hubs.[31] BellSouth Mobility emphasized enterprise solutions and gradually built out coverage across nine states, investing heavily in infrastructure to compete with emerging non-wireline carriers.[32] These RBOC wireless operations formed the foundational assets of what became AT&T Mobility. In April 2000, SBC Communications Inc.—the successor to Southwestern Bell after acquisitions of Pacific Telesis and Ameritech—and BellSouth Corporation merged their cellular businesses into Cingular Wireless LLC, a 60/40 joint venture (SBC majority-owned) headquartered in Atlanta.[33] This consolidation created the second-largest U.S. wireless provider at the time, with over 11 million subscribers and nationwide roaming capabilities built on the RBOCs' complementary regional footprints. Cingular's formation marked a strategic pivot by the RBOCs toward integrated wireless services, distinct from the legacy long-distance focus of the divested AT&T Corporation. Subsequent SBC-led restructurings, including the 2005 acquisition of AT&T Corporation and 2006 purchase of BellSouth, unified these RBOC-originated assets under the AT&T brand, rebranding Cingular to AT&T Mobility in 2007.[3]Cingular Wireless Formation and Expansion
Cingular Wireless LLC was formed on October 10, 2000, as a limited liability company through a joint venture between SBC Communications Inc., holding a 60% ownership stake, and BellSouth Corporation, with 40%.[34] This structure consolidated the separate wireless subsidiaries of SBC and BellSouth—Southwestern Bell Mobile Systems and BellSouth Mobility—which had originated as cellular operations licensed to the Regional Bell Operating Companies after the 1984 AT&T divestiture.[33] The venture's creation enabled unified branding and operational efficiencies across overlapping service areas in the southeastern and southwestern United States, initially targeting major metropolitan markets with analog-to-digital network migrations. The Cingular name derived from a combination of "cellular" and the parent companies' regional identities, reflecting a strategy to build a national-scale competitor in an industry marked by rapid consolidation and technological shifts toward digital standards like TDMA and emerging GSM.[11] Post-formation, Cingular prioritized network expansion, leveraging the combined spectrum holdings and infrastructure of its parents to cover approximately 90% of the U.S. population with digital services by the early 2000s. In 2001, it established the GSM Fabric joint venture with T-Mobile USA to share GSM infrastructure costs in the New York City metropolitan area, facilitating efficient rollout of compatible technology amid spectrum constraints.[33] Expansion efforts included aggressive subscriber acquisition through bundled wireline-wireless offerings and marketing campaigns emphasizing reliability, such as the "fewer dropped calls" slogan introduced in 2002. By 2003, Cingular operated the largest digital voice and data network in the nation, serving millions of customers across 49 states with enhanced data capabilities via GPRS.[35] These initiatives drove steady market share gains in a competitive landscape dominated by Verizon Wireless and Sprint PCS, positioning Cingular as a leading GSM provider before further scale via major acquisitions. The joint venture's success stemmed from cost synergies—estimated at hundreds of millions annually—and integrated retail channels, though it faced challenges from uneven regional coverage and the need for ongoing capital investments in 3G precursors.[33]AT&T Wireless Merger and Rebranding
On February 17, 2004, Cingular Wireless LLC, a joint venture between SBC Communications and BellSouth Corporation, announced an agreement to acquire AT&T Wireless Services, Inc., in an all-cash transaction valued at approximately $41 billion, or $15 per share.[36][37] The deal aimed to create the largest U.S. wireless carrier by subscribers, combining Cingular's roughly 25 million customers with AT&T Wireless's 22 million.[36] The merger agreement included provisions for Cingular to assume AT&T Wireless's debt and preferred stock obligations, totaling about $8 billion.[37] The acquisition faced regulatory scrutiny from the U.S. Department of Justice and Federal Communications Commission over potential market concentration, particularly in spectrum holdings and regional overlaps.[38] After divestitures of certain assets in overlapping markets, the transaction closed on October 26, 2004, with Cingular emerging as the dominant player holding over 46 million subscribers nationwide.[39] Post-merger integration efforts focused on network unification, migrating AT&T Wireless customers to Cingular's GSM-based infrastructure while phasing out the tdma and iDEN technologies, which required significant capital expenditure estimated at $2-3 billion annually.[38] Subsequent corporate restructurings paved the way for rebranding. In November 2005, SBC Communications completed its $16 billion acquisition of AT&T Corporation and adopted the AT&T name for the combined entity.[40] On March 5, 2006, AT&T announced its $67 billion purchase of BellSouth, which closed on December 29, 2006, granting AT&T full ownership of Cingular by eliminating the joint venture structure.[41][42] In January 2007, shortly after securing sole ownership, AT&T initiated the rebranding of Cingular to AT&T Mobility, restoring the AT&T name to wireless services to leverage brand equity from the legacy wireline operations while distinguishing it from the divested AT&T Wireless entity.[43][44] The transition began with advertising campaigns on January 15, 2007, and accelerated through 2007, involving updates to over 2,200 retail stores, millions of handsets, and marketing materials at a reported cost exceeding $1 billion.[45] By mid-2007, the Cingular brand was largely retired, with AT&T Mobility positioned as the unified wireless subsidiary offering integrated voice, data, and emerging broadband services. Notably, Apple initially negotiated the exclusive U.S. carrier deal for the iPhone with Cingular Wireless, which transitioned to AT&T Mobility following the 2007 rebranding, contributing to a pivotal milestone in the company's history.Acquisitions, Divestitures, and Failed Deals
In 2007, AT&T Mobility acquired Dobson Communications Corporation, a rural wireless operator serving approximately 2.7 million subscribers across 40 states, for $2.8 billion in cash plus the assumption of $2.3 billion in debt, totaling about $5.1 billion.[46][47] The deal, announced on June 29 and completed on November 16, aimed to enhance AT&T's rural coverage and integrate Dobson's GSM network with its own, while requiring divestitures of certain assets in Oklahoma, Kentucky, and other markets to preserve competition, as mandated by the U.S. Department of Justice.[48][49] AT&T Mobility followed with the acquisition of Centennial Communications Corp. in 2009, purchasing the rural wireline and wireless provider for $944 million in cash, or $8.50 per share, in a transaction announced on November 7, 2008, and closed on November 6, 2009.[50][51] This expanded AT&T's footprint in 13 states, particularly in the Southeast and Midwest, adding wireless operations with about 315,000 subscribers; however, the Department of Justice required divestitures of overlapping assets in eight Louisiana and Mississippi markets to mitigate anticompetitive effects.[52][53] A major failed deal occurred in 2011 when AT&T announced its intent to acquire T-Mobile USA from Deutsche Telekom for $39 billion on March 20, aiming to combine the second- and fourth-largest U.S. wireless carriers to bolster network capacity amid iPhone demand.[54] The proposal faced intense regulatory scrutiny, with the U.S. Department of Justice filing an antitrust lawsuit on August 31 to block it, citing reduced competition, higher prices, and fewer choices for consumers, followed by FCC opposition.[55] AT&T abandoned the bid on December 19, paying a $4 billion breakup fee to Deutsche Telekom, as the merger risked violating horizontal merger guidelines by concentrating over 40% of the national wireless market.[56][57] AT&T Mobility has pursued few outright divestitures independent of acquisition conditions, focusing instead on spectrum optimization and regulatory compliance; for instance, no large-scale wireless asset sales have materially altered its core operations, though minor spectrum returns or swaps have occurred in FCC auctions to meet buildout requirements.[58]Evolution from 2012 to Present
Following the failed attempt to acquire T-Mobile in 2011, AT&T Mobility prioritized organic network expansion and spectrum accumulation to bolster its 4G LTE capabilities. In 2012, the company doubled its LTE coverage to reach more than 150 million people across the United States, investing nearly $20 billion in wired and wireless infrastructure upgrades. That year, AT&T acquired NextWave Wireless for up to $600 million primarily to secure Wireless Communications Service (WCS) spectrum in the 2.3 GHz band, enabling further LTE enhancements despite regulatory hurdles for WCS compatibility. These efforts supported growing mobile data demand, with LTE markets expanding from 38 in early 2012 to additional deployments throughout the year. In 2014, AT&T expanded its prepaid segment by acquiring Leap Wireless International, operator of Cricket Wireless, for $1.19 billion, a deal approved by the FCC with conditions including divestitures of certain spectrum assets. The acquisition integrated Cricket's CDMA-based network onto AT&T's GSM/LTE infrastructure over 12-18 months, re-launching Cricket as AT&T's flagship prepaid brand and broadening access to affordable mobile services for underserved markets. This move contributed to steady subscriber growth, with mobility service revenues rising consistently thereafter. AT&T Mobility initiated its 5G deployment on December 21, 2018, launching mobile 5G service in 12 U.S. cities using low- and mid-band spectrum, followed by millimeter-wave 5G+ rollout starting March 6, 2020, in select areas. By 2025, low-band 5G coverage extended to over 320 million people in more than 27,300 cities and towns. To support advanced 5G features, AT&T acquired FiberTower in 2017 for 24 and 39 GHz spectrum assets targeted at high-capacity urban deployments. In August 2025, the company agreed to purchase additional low- and mid-band spectrum licenses from EchoStar for approximately $23 billion, adding about 50 MHz on average across nearly 400 U.S. markets to enhance capacity. Network modernization accelerated in the mid-2020s, with AT&T deploying standalone (SA) 5G nationwide by October 8, 2025, enabling cloud-native core operations and future innovations like network slicing. Partnerships, such as with Ericsson announced in September 2025, focused on radio access network (RAN) upgrades and operational efficiency. Subscriber metrics reflected sustained growth: postpaid phone subscribers reached 73.4 million by Q2 2025, with 401,000 net additions that quarter, followed by 405,000 in Q3. Mobility revenues increased 6.7% year-over-year in Q2 2025, driven by postpaid ARPU gains and service expansion, aligning with AT&T's strategic refocus on wireless and fiber after divesting non-core media assets.Key Milestones in the 2020s
In 2021, AT&T Mobility advanced its 5G deployment strategy, prioritizing midband spectrum to expand coverage for consumers, businesses, and first responders, building on initial low-band 5G launches from 2020.[59] This included commitments to enhance network reliability and integrate 5G with existing 4G LTE infrastructure for broader accessibility.[60] By 2023, AT&T Mobility achieved significant subscriber growth, adding over 1.7 million postpaid phone net adds, fueled by competitive 5G offerings and pricing strategies that captured market share from rivals.[61] The company also initiated Open RAN trials to diversify equipment suppliers and reduce dependency on traditional vendors, marking a step toward cost efficiencies in network upgrades.[62] A major setback occurred on February 22, 2024, when a nationwide wireless outage disrupted service for tens of millions of customers across the U.S. for up to 12 hours, stemming from an internal software configuration error during a network expansion process rather than external factors like cyberattacks.[63] Later that year, in April, hackers accessed six months of call and text metadata for nearly all AT&T cellular customers, though no content or location data was compromised; AT&T disclosed the breach in July and cooperated with law enforcement.[64][65] In May 2024, AT&T Mobility signed a commercial agreement with AST SpaceMobile to integrate satellite-based cellular service, enabling direct-to-device connectivity for unmodified smartphones and extending coverage to remote areas without terrestrial infrastructure.[66] By October 8, 2025, the division rolled out its 5G Standalone (SA) network nationwide, decoupling it from 4G LTE cores to support advanced capabilities like low-latency slicing and improved efficiency for millions of users.[67] This milestone followed years of hybrid non-standalone 5G builds and positioned AT&T to compete more directly with T-Mobile's earlier SA leadership.[68]Core Services and Products
Postpaid and Prepaid Wireless Plans
AT&T Mobility's postpaid wireless plans require a credit check and involve billing after service usage, providing access to the carrier's full network priority and additional perks such as device installment financing and frequent upgrade options.[69] As of 2025, the primary offerings are unlimited data plans, including Unlimited Starter SL at $65.99 per month for a single line (with discounts to $35.99 per line for four lines), featuring 5GB of high-speed hotspot data and unlimited talk and text; Unlimited Extra EL at $75.99 per month single line, with 75GB premium data before potential deprioritization; and Unlimited Premium PL at $85.99 per month, offering unlimited premium data, 50GB hotspot, and enhanced international features like roaming in 20 Latin American countries.[70][71] Specialized postpaid plans, such as the AT&T 55+ plan introduced in June 2025, provide unlimited service for $40 per month on one line or $35 per line for two, targeting seniors with simplified pricing but limited to domestic usage.[72] These plans generally include 5G access where available and bundle options for streaming services, though premium data allowances vary to manage network congestion.[73] In contrast, AT&T Prepaid plans operate on a pay-in-advance model without contracts or credit checks, appealing to users seeking flexibility and lower upfront costs, though they often feature lower data priority during congestion compared to postpaid equivalents.[74] Standard prepaid tiers as of 2025 include a $30 monthly plan with 5GB high-speed data, suitable for light users; a $40 plan with 15GB; and unlimited options starting at $50 per month, with annual payments reducing effective costs to $20 per month for unlimited data over 12 months at $240 upfront.[75][76] Prepaid unlimited plans provide 5G access and hotspot data (typically 5-10GB high-speed), but lack the extensive international roaming and device trade-in promotions of postpaid service; however, they support multi-month discounts and family plan pooling for up to 10 lines.[77] AT&T supports eSIM activation for both prepaid and postpaid plans. Prepaid eSIM plans require no contract or credit check, making them suitable for new activations or short-term use, while postpaid eSIM plans require a credit check, offer multi-line family discounts, and include unlimited talk, text, and data in the US, Mexico, and Canada.[78][75]| Plan Type | Example Pricing (Single Line, Monthly) | Key Features | Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Postpaid Unlimited Starter | $65.99 | Unlimited data/talk/text, 5GB hotspot, 5G | Deprioritization after premium data |
| Postpaid Unlimited Premium | $85.99 | Unlimited premium data, 50GB hotspot, international roaming | Higher cost |
| Prepaid 5GB | $30 | 5GB high-speed data, unlimited talk/text | No hotspot, lower priority |
| Prepaid Unlimited (Monthly) | $50 | Unlimited data, 5G, basic hotspot | Fewer perks, potential deprioritization |
Advanced Features and Bundling Options
AT&T Mobility's advanced wireless features emphasize enhanced security, network optimization, and flexible data usage across its unlimited plans. All unlimited plans include AT&T ActiveArmor advanced mobile security, a free app providing spam blocking, call screening, and identity monitoring to protect against threats like phishing and data breaches.[79] These plans also grant access to AT&T 5G, supporting higher speeds and lower latency for applications such as augmented reality and cloud gaming, with mid-band and mmWave spectrum enabling peak download speeds exceeding 1 Gbps in select urban areas as of 2025.[79] Additional features encompass unlimited hotspot data (capped at varying speeds per plan tier, e.g., 100 GB of premium data before reduction to 5 Mbps on higher-end options) and seamless integration with eSIM for quick device activation without physical cards.[79] The Unlimited Your Way program allows customization per line within a family account, enabling mix-and-match selections such as Unlimited Starter SL for basic needs (with 5G access and basic hotspot) or premium tiers like Unlimited Extra EL for reduced video streaming resolution to conserve data while maintaining priority network access during congestion.[80] International roaming is standardized across plans, offering unlimited talk, text, and high-speed data in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico without extra fees, though speeds may throttle after 22 GB of usage per line in Mexico to manage network load.[79] Bundling options integrate AT&T Mobility services with home broadband and entertainment for cost savings, targeting multi-service households. The All in One bundle provides 20% monthly discounts on either wireless or AT&T Fiber internet bills when both are subscribed, alongside incentives like up to $800 in bill credits for switching providers and annual free phone upgrades for three years on eligible plans.[81][82] Wireless plans can pair with DirecTV Stream or AT&T TV packages starting at $69.99 per month for entry-level entertainment, yielding combined discounts and unified billing, though premium sports tiers exceed $139.99 monthly before bundling reductions.[83] Multi-line family plans offer progressive discounts, with four unlimited lines available for as low as $25 per line monthly under promotional deals for existing internet customers, saving over $800 annually compared to standalone pricing.[84] Age-specific bundles, such as the 55+ Unlimited plan at $40 monthly for one line or $35 per line for two (including home internet for $99 total on dual lines), further reduce costs while retaining core features like 5G and ActiveArmor.[85] These options prioritize empirical cost efficiencies from converged services, though actual savings depend on usage and eligibility, with no data caps on bundled fiber to support high-demand wireless offloading via Wi-Fi.[86]Device Ecosystem and Financing
AT&T Mobility maintains a broad device ecosystem encompassing smartphones, tablets, and wearables compatible with its GSM-based network, supporting bring-your-own-device (BYOD) options for most unlocked, certified models from leading manufacturers. AT&T permits device unlocking for eligible models, allowing non-customers to submit unlock requests—including for iPhones—through its official online portal.[87] The carrier sells and certifies devices from brands including Apple (iPhone 6 and newer), Samsung (Galaxy series), Google (Pixel series), Motorola, and others such as OnePlus and Alcatel, ensuring compatibility through rigorous testing for network bands like LTE and 5G.[88] Tablets approved include Apple iPad models from the 3rd generation onward and various Android variants, while wearables feature smartwatches from Apple, Samsung, and Google, often bundled with cellular connectivity for independent operation.[89] This ecosystem emphasizes integration with AT&T's services, such as eSIM activation for seamless setup, though compatibility requires devices supporting specific frequency bands to avoid coverage gaps.[90] Financing options center on the AT&T Installment Plan, which spreads device costs over 36 months at 0% APR for qualified customers, with payments ranging from approximately $23 to $59 monthly depending on the device price and credit approval. AT&T's standard return policy for wireless devices, including those on installment plans, permits returns within 14 days of purchase or receipt for a full refund, canceling the installment agreement with no further payments owed. After 14 days, returns for refund or cancellation of the installment plan are generally not permitted, even in cases of financial hardship; exceptions apply only for defective devices under warranty, offering replacement or repair rather than refund. For financial hardship, AT&T may provide payment arrangements or other assistance programs, but the device balance remains owed.[91] For early upgrades, the Next Up program adds a $6 monthly fee, allowing trade-in eligibility after 12 payments on a standard plan, while the enhanced Next Up Anytime option, introduced in July 2024 for an additional $10 per month, permits upgrades after just one-third of the device cost is paid (typically 12 months) and can be applied up to three times annually without covering the remaining balance.[92][93] These plans often pair with trade-in credits—up to $1,000 or more for eligible devices—where preparation requires backing up data, performing a factory reset to wipe the device's memory, removing the physical SIM card and any SD card, deleting any eSIM profile if applicable, and double-checking that no personal data remains to protect personal information before submission; and promotional deals, such as bill credits reducing effective costs, though full payoff or satisfaction of upgrade terms is required to avoid early termination fees on the financed balance.[94][95] Device financing ties into broader promotions, including zero-down offers for well-qualified buyers, fostering customer retention through frequent access to new hardware amid rapid technological cycles.[96]Network Technology and Infrastructure
Evolution of Wireless Standards
AT&T Mobility's wireless network originated with analog Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) in the 1980s, transitioning to digital standards in the early 2000s with the implementation of the first GSM/GPRS network in 2000, marking the shift to 2G capabilities for voice and basic data services.[97] This GSM adoption built on earlier TDMA systems used by AT&T Wireless predecessors, enabling global compatibility and paving the way for enhanced packet data via GPRS and later EDGE enhancements, though the full 2G GSM network was phased out by December 2016 to reallocate spectrum for advanced technologies.[98] The rollout of 3G UMTS began in July 2004, with initial deployments in Detroit, Phoenix, San Francisco, and Seattle, offering broadband-like data speeds up to 384 kbps initially and supporting early mobile internet and multimedia services.[99] Subsequent upgrades to HSPA and HSPA+ in the late 2000s improved downlink speeds to over 20 Mbps in select areas, which AT&T marketed as "4G" prior to true LTE availability, though these remained evolutions of UMTS rather than a distinct generational leap; the 3G network was fully discontinued on February 22, 2022, to prioritize 4G and 5G capacity.[100] AT&T launched its 4G LTE network on September 18, 2011, starting in five metropolitan areas—Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio—with expansion to 15 additional markets by year-end and broader coverage reaching over 100 million people by mid-2012.[101] By June 2013, LTE was available in 22 more markets, with the carrier targeting 300 million people covered by the end of 2014 through aggressive spectrum refarming and site upgrades, delivering peak speeds up to 100 Mbps and forming the backbone for modern smartphone data demands.[102] True 5G NR deployment commenced on December 21, 2018, with the first mobile 5G service in the U.S. using sub-6 GHz spectrum for fixed wireless access, evolving to consumer mobile 5G nationwide by 2020 across low-band frequencies covering over 320 million people.[103] Mid-band C-band additions in 2022 enhanced urban capacity, while standalone (SA) 5G architecture—enabling full network slicing and edge computing—was rolled out nationwide to millions of customers by October 2025, transitioning from non-standalone reliance on LTE core for improved latency under 10 ms and support for IoT and enterprise applications.[104] AT&T committed to maintaining LTE through at least 2027 as a fallback during 5G maturation.[105]Spectrum Assets and Frequency Bands
AT&T Mobility operates a spectrum portfolio comprising low-band frequencies below 1 GHz for extensive coverage and indoor penetration, mid-band spectrum between 1 and 6 GHz for balanced capacity and range in 5G deployments, and high-band millimeter wave above 24 GHz for ultra-high-speed applications in dense urban areas. These assets support both legacy 4G LTE and 5G NR networks, with low- and mid-band prioritized for nationwide 5G rollout due to superior propagation characteristics compared to high-band limitations. As of 2025, AT&T's holdings emphasize low-band depth for reliability, supplemented by mid-band acquisitions to enhance 5G throughput, though it trails competitors in total mid-band megahertz in some markets prior to recent deals.[106] In low-band, AT&T utilizes the 600 MHz range (3GPP band n71) for supplemental coverage 5G, initially acquired via FCC Auction 103 in 2020 with licenses providing up to 40 MHz in select areas; an additional approximately 20 MHz nationwide is pending acquisition from EchoStar, announced August 26, 2025, to bolster rural and indoor reach across nearly all U.S. markets. The 700 MHz block (bands 12 and 17) forms the core LTE coverage foundation, repurposed for 5G standalone in compatible devices, with holdings derived from early FCC auctions and reallocations yielding 10-20 MHz per market for broad propagation. Legacy 850 MHz Cellular spectrum (band n5) further anchors low-band 5G, offering 10-15 MHz carriers for penetration in suburban and urban fringes, inherited from pre-merger assets like BellSouth.[107][108] Mid-band assets provide the primary capacity for AT&T's 5G+ service, including AWS bands (1.7-2.1 GHz, n66) with 20-45 MHz from FCC Auctions 66, 73, and 97, enabling efficient urban deployment; PCS spectrum (1.9 GHz, n2) adds 20-60 MHz via historical auctions for high-capacity overlays. C-band (3.7-3.98 GHz, n77) contributes up to 100 MHz in major markets from FCC Auction 107 in 2021, deployed since 2022 for mid-band 5G+ covering over 200 million people by balancing speed and coverage. The pending EchoStar deal adds ~30 MHz at 3.45 GHz nationwide, compatible with existing mid-band infrastructure for further 5G enhancement across 400 markets.[108][109] High-band holdings are limited to mmWave, primarily 39 GHz (band n260) with 400-800 MHz blocks acquired through FCC auctions like 103 and 105, focused on fixed wireless access and enterprise in high-density zones such as stadiums, though deployment lags due to propagation challenges and equipment costs.[106]| Frequency Range | 3GPP Band | Spectrum Type | Key Holdings and Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 617-652 MHz (uplink), 663-698 MHz (downlink) | n71 | Low-band | ~20-40 MHz; from FCC Auction 103 (2020); +20 MHz pending from EchoStar (2025) for coverage.[107] |
| 698-716 / 728-746 MHz (A/B blocks), etc. | 12/17 (LTE/5G) | Low-band | 10-20 MHz per market; early FCC reallocations for primary coverage.[110] |
| 824-849 / 869-894 MHz | n5 | Low-band | 10-15 MHz; legacy Cellular for 5G penetration.[108] |
| 1710-1755 / 2110-2155 MHz | n66 | Mid-band | 20-45 MHz; AWS auctions (2006-2015) for urban capacity.[108] |
| 1850-1915 / 1930-1995 MHz | n2 | Mid-band | 20-60 MHz; PCS auctions for high-density 5G.[108] |
| 3700-3980 MHz | n77 | Mid-band | Up to 100 MHz; C-band Auction 107 (2021) for 5G+ in 200M+ people.[109] |
| ~3.45 GHz | (CBRS-adjacent) | Mid-band | ~30 MHz pending; EchoStar acquisition (2025) for nationwide expansion.[107] |
| 37-40 GHz | n260 | High-band (mmWave) | 400-800 MHz; FCC mmWave auctions for peak speeds in select areas.[106] |
Coverage, Capacity, and Reliability Metrics
AT&T Mobility's wireless network provides coverage to over 99% of the U.S. population based on licensed areas, encompassing both urban and rural regions with a focus on low-band spectrum for broad reach.[111] As of September 2025, the network spans more geographic area than competitors, including 300,000 additional square miles compared to T-Mobile's footprint, contributing to its edge in overall accessibility.[112] Independent testing by RootMetrics in the first half of 2025 confirmed AT&T's leadership in nationwide coverage consistency, particularly in combined 4G/5G performance across diverse terrains.[113] For 5G specifically, AT&T achieved nationwide RedCap coverage by July 2025, serving more than 200 million population points, though mid-band 5G deployment remains denser in urban zones than rural ones.[114] Network capacity metrics highlight AT&T's emphasis on high-throughput performance, with RootMetrics awarding it the fastest wireless network nationally in the first half of 2025 based on drive tests measuring download speeds averaging over those of Verizon and T-Mobile in overall scenarios.[115] [113] Ookla's Speedtest data corroborated this, naming AT&T's mobile network the quickest in the nation as of September 2025, with particular strength in 5th percentile speeds that indicate consistent performance under load.[112] However, Opensignal's June 2025 report noted T-Mobile's lead in pure 5G download speeds, attributing AT&T's capacity advantages to its extensive low- and mid-band spectrum holdings that prioritize reliable volume over peak bursts.[116] Capacity expansion efforts, including fiber backhaul integration, have supported handling peak data demands, with no widespread congestion reported in major metrics for 2025. Reliability stands out in empirical assessments, where AT&T earned RootMetrics' Most Reliable Wireless Network award for the first half of 2025, excelling in call success rates, data session stability, and minimal dropped connections across tests.[113] Opensignal measured AT&T's network availability at 99.6% in June 2025, edging out Verizon's 99.5% by tracking the proportion of time users could connect successfully.[116] While a February 2024 outage affected millions due to a software fault in a backbone router—leading to an FCC investigation into "sunny day" failure safeguards—subsequent metrics show resilience, with RootMetrics noting fewer interruptions than peers in 2025 drive tests.[63] J.D. Power's 2025 surveys further positioned AT&T as a top choice for business reliability, citing its broader rural coverage as a factor in lower perceived downtime.[117]| Metric Category | Key 1H 2025 RootMetrics Awards for AT&T | Competitor Comparison |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Performance | National RootScore leader | Outperformed Verizon and T-Mobile |
| Reliability | Most Reliable Network | Superior call/text/video success |
| Speed | Fastest Wireless Network | Higher median downloads |
| Availability (Opensignal, June 2025) | 99.6% connection time | Slightly ahead of Verizon (99.5%) |