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Claorhynchus
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| Claorhynchus Temporal range: Late Cretaceous,
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|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Clade: | †Ornithischia |
| Genus: | †Claorhynchus Cope, 1892[1] |
| Species: | †C. trihedrus
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| Binomial name | |
| †Claorhynchus trihedrus Cope, 1892
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Claorhynchus (meaning "broken beak", as it is based on broken bones from the snout region) is a dubious genus of cerapodan dinosaur with a confusing history behind it. It has been considered to be both a hadrosaurid and a ceratopsid, sometimes the same as Triceratops, with two different assignments as to discovery formation and location, and what bones make up its type remains.
History
[edit]The holotype specimen, AMNH 3978, was described by American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope in 1892, who interpreted it as the rostral bone and predentary of a member of Agathaumidae from the Laramie Formation of Colorado.[1] It was reinterpreted as a hadrosaurid, though, by American paleontologist John Bell Hatcher in 1902 and removed as a ceratopsid.[2][3] In 1904, Franz Baron Nopcsa reclassified it as a ceratopsid.[4] In their influential monograph, Richard Swann Lull and Nelda E. Wright regarded the genus as a dubious type of hadrosaurid, based on premaxillae and a predentary.[5]
This opinion stood until the work of Michael K. Brett-Surman, who stated in his dissertation that, having rediscovered and reexamined the material with Douglas A. Lawson, it was most likely part of a ceratopsid's neck frill, probably part of the squamosal of Triceratops.[6] This information reached Donald F. Glut's series of dinosaur encyclopedias in a confusing form; its entry states that a squamosal and tooth from South Dakota were referred to the genus, and these are what Brett-Surman and Lawson identified, keeping the supposed beak remains separate.[7] Additionally, other major reviews have left the genus as an indeterminate hadrosaurid.[8][9]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Cope, E.D. (1892). "Fourth note on the Dinosauria of the Laramie". The American Naturalist. 26: 756–758.
- ^ Hatcher, J.B. (1902). The genus and species of the Trachodontidae (Hadrosauridae, Claosauridae) Marsh. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 14(1):377-386.
- ^ Hatcher, J.B., Marsh, O.C., and Lull, R.S. (1907). The Ceratopsia. Government Printing Office:Washington, D.C., 300 pp. ISBN 0-405-12713-8
- ^ Nopcsa, F (1904). "Dinosaurierreste aus Siebenbürgen III (Weitere Schädelreste von Mochlodon)". Denkschriften der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. LXXIV: 229–263.
- ^ Lull, R.S., and Wright, N.E. (1942). Hadrosaurian Dinosaurs of North America. Geological Society of America Special Paper 40:1-242.
- ^ Brett-Surman, M.K. 1989(1988). A revision of the Hadrosauridae (Reptilia: Ornithischia) and their evolution during the Campanian and Maastrichtian. Archived 2006-09-21 at the Wayback Machine Ph.D. dissertation, George Washington University:Washington, D.C.. pp.1-272.
- ^ Glut, D.F. (1997). "Claorhynchus". Dinosaurs: The Encyclopedia. McFarland & Company. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-89950-917-4.
- ^ Weishampel, D.B., and Horner, J.R. (1990). Hadrosauridae. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (eds.). The Dinosauria. University of California Press:Berkeley, 534-561. ISBN 0-520-24209-2
- ^ Horner, J.R., Weishampel, D.B., and Forster, C.A. (2004). Hadrosauridae. In: Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (eds.). The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press:Berkeley, 438-463. ISBN 0-520-06727-4.
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