Hubbry Logo
Earl HoweEarl HoweMain
Open search
Earl Howe
Community hub
Earl Howe
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Earl Howe
Earl Howe
Earl Howe
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

General George Howe, 3rd Viscount Howe

Key Information

Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe

Earl Howe is a title that has been created twice in British history, for members of the Howe and Curzon-Howe family respectively. The first creation, in the Peerage of Great Britain, was in 1788 for Richard Howe, 4th Viscount Howe, but it became extinct upon his death in 1799. The second creation, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, was in 1821 for Richard Curzon-Howe, 2nd Viscount Curzon, and it remains extant.

History

[edit]

First creation (1788)

[edit]

The Howe family descended from John Grobman Howe, of Langar, Nottinghamshire. He married Annabella, illegitimate daughter of Emanuel Scrope, 1st Earl of Sunderland. Their son, Scrope Howe, sat as a Knight of the Shire for Nottinghamshire. In 1701 he was raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Glenawley and Viscount Howe. His son Emanuel, the second viscount, also represented Nottinghamshire in the House of Commons and served as Governor of Barbados. Emanuel married Charlotte, Baroness von Kielmansegg, niece of George I via his illegitimate half-sister. The third, fourth and fifth viscounts were all sons of Emanuel and Charlotte. The third, George, was a brigadier of the British Army, killed at the Battle of Fort Carillon in 1758.

George was succeeded by his younger brother Richard, a distinguished naval commander best known for his victory of the Glorious First of June in 1794. In 1782 Richard was created Viscount Howe, of Langar in the County of Nottingham, in the Peerage of Great Britain,[1] which entitled him to a seat in the British House of Lords. In 1788 he was made Baron Howe, of Langar in the County of Nottingham, with remainder to his daughters and the heirs male of their bodies, and Earl Howe, with normal remainder to heirs male of his body,[2] also in the Peerage of Great Britain. Richard had no male issue, and on his death in 1799 the viscountcy of 1782 and earldom became extinct. He was succeeded in the barony of Howe according to the special remainder by his eldest daughter, Sophia Charlotte (see below). The Irish titles passed to his younger brother, William, the fifth Viscount, a noted soldier who served as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in North America during the American Revolutionary War. William had no surviving issue and on his death in 1814 the barony of Glenawley and the Irish viscounty of Howe became extinct.

Howe baronets of Compton (1660) & Viscounts and Earl Howe (1st creation)

Second creation (1821)

[edit]

The aforementioned Lady Sophia, who succeeded her father as second Baroness Howe in 1799, married the Hon. Penn Curzon, Member of Parliament for Clitheroe. He was the only son of Assheton Curzon, second son of Sir Nathaniel Curzon, 4th Baronet, of Kedleston (ancestor of George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, and the Barons and Viscounts Scarsdale; see Viscount Scarsdale for earlier history of the family). Assheton Curzon represented Clitheroe in the House of Commons for twenty-seven years. In 1794 he was raised to the Peerage of Great Britain as Baron Curzon, of Penn in the County of Buckingham,[3] and in 1802 he was further honoured when he was made Viscount Curzon, of Penn in the County of Buckingham, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.[4] Lord Curzon was succeeded by his grandson, the second Viscount. He was the only son of Penn Curzon and Lady Howe. In 1821 he assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Howe[5] and the same year the earldom held by his maternal grandfather was revived when he was created Earl Howe in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.[6] In 1835 he also succeeded his mother as third Baron Howe. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He sat as Conservative Member of Parliament for Leicestershire South.

William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe

He died without male issue and was succeeded by his younger brother, the third Earl, who was a General in the British Army. His eldest son, the fourth Earl, was a Conservative politician and held minor office in the Conservative administration of 1895 to 1905. On his death in 1929 the title passed to his eldest son, the fifth Earl. He was a Conservative Member of Parliament and also involved in the world of motor racing. His only son, the sixth Earl, had four daughters but no sons and on his death in 1984 the line of the fourth Earl failed. The late Earl was succeeded by his second cousin, Frederick Curzon, the seventh Earl. He is the only son of the actor George Curzon, son of the Hon. Frederick Graham Curzon-Howe, second son of the third Earl. Lord Howe held office from 1991 to 1997 in the Conservative administrations of John Major and from 2015 to 2024 was Deputy Leader of the House of Lords and Minister of State for Defence.[7] He is now Shadow Deputy Leader as one of the ninety elected hereditary peers that remain in the House of Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999. As a descendant of Sir Nathaniel Curzon, 4th Baronet, of Kedleston, he is also in remainder to this baronetcy, which is held by his kinsman the Viscount Scarsdale.

Several other members of the Curzon-Howe family have also gained distinction. The Hon. Frederick Howe (1823–1881), third son of the first Earl, was a captain in the Royal Navy. The Hon. Ernest George Howe (1828–1885), sixth son of the first Earl, was a Colonel in the British Army. The Hon. Sir Leicester Smyth (1829–1891) (who assumed the surname of Smyth in 1866), seventh son of the first Earl, was a General in the British Army and served as Governor of Gibraltar. The Hon. Montagu Curzon (1846–1907), eighth son of the first Earl (and eldest from his second marriage), was a Colonel in the Rifle Brigade and Member of Parliament. The Hon. Sir Assheton Curzon-Howe, ninth son and youngest child of the first Earl, was a naval commander and served as Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet from 1908 to 1910. His eldest son Leicester Charles Assheton St John Curzon-Howe (1894–1941) was a Captain in the Royal Navy. Lady Mary Anna Curzon-Howe, only daughter from the second marriage of the first Earl, married James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn. Their granddaughter Lady Cynthia Hamilton married Albert Spencer, 7th Earl Spencer, and was the grandmother of Diana, Princess of Wales. The aforementioned George Curzon, son of the Hon. Frederick Graham Curzon-Howe, second son of the third Earl, was an actor.

The family seat is Penn House, Penn Street, Buckinghamshire.

Earl Howe, first creation

[edit]

Viscount Howe (1701)

[edit]

Earl Howe (1788)

[edit]

Viscount Howe (1701; reverted)

[edit]

Earl Howe, second creation

[edit]
Arms of the Earls Howe[8]

Baron Howe (1788)

[edit]

Viscount Curzon (1802)

[edit]

Earl Howe (1821)

[edit]

The heir apparent is the present holder's only son, Thomas Edward Penn Curzon, Viscount Curzon (born 1994).

Succession

[edit]

Title succession chart

[edit]

Line of succession

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Earl Howe

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Earl Howe is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain, first created on 16 August 1788 for Admiral of the Fleet Richard Howe (1726–1799), a Royal Navy officer distinguished for his service in the Seven Years' War, the American War of Independence, and as commander of the Channel Fleet during the French Revolutionary Wars, where he achieved victory in the Glorious First of June engagement in 1794. The earldom passed to his brother William Howe, 2nd Earl Howe, upon Richard's death in 1799 but became extinct on William's death without issue in 1814. A second creation of the title occurred on 15 July 1821 in the Peerage of the United Kingdom for Richard William Penn Curzon-Howe (1796–1870), a politician and courtier connected to the original Howe family through descent from their sister Sophia, who had married into the Curzon line; subsequent holders adopted the surname Curzon-Howe. The title is currently held by Frederick Richard Penn Curzon, 7th Earl Howe (born 29 January 1951), who succeeded his father in 1984 and has served as a Conservative in the since 1984, including as Deputy Leader of the (2015–2024) and for Defence (2015–2019). Among other notable holders, Francis Richard Henry Penn Curzon, 5th Earl Howe (1884–1964), gained fame as a motor racing pioneer, winning the 1931 endurance race. The Earls Howe also hold subsidiary titles such as Viscount Curzon and Baron Howe, with family seats historically at Penn House in .

History of the Title

First Creation (1788)

The Irish viscountcy of Howe, with subsidiary barony of Glenawley, was created on 16 May 1701 in the for Scrope Howe (c. 1648–1712), a Whig politician and military figure who served in conflicts including the . This title provided precedence for later Howe peerages and passed through the family line, emphasizing their established military tradition from early 18th-century engagements such as the , where descendants like Emanuel Scrope Howe (c. 1663–1709), 2nd , held army commissions. On 22 July 1788, Admiral Richard Howe, 4th Howe (Irish), was elevated in the to Earl Howe, with subsidiary titles of Baron Howe of Langar and Howe (British creation), the latter superseding his prior viscountcy from 1782. This honor, insisted upon by King George III at the conclusion of Howe's tenure as (1783–1788), rewarded his naval command during the , including oversight of the North American station (1776–1778), and anticipated defenses against French naval threats amid rising tensions. The earldom held only one holder, as Richard Howe died unmarried and without male issue on 5 August 1799 at his residence, causing the title's immediate extinction in the male line. This outcome underscored the inherent risks of British peerages dependent on direct patrilineal succession, absent special remainders or collateral branches to sustain them.

Second Creation (1821)

The second creation of the Earl Howe occurred on 15 July 1821 in the , granted to Richard William Penn Curzon, 2nd Curzon (1796–1870), who had succeeded to the viscountcy upon the death of his grandfather Assheton Curzon, 1st Curzon, on 21 1820. On 7 July 1821, Curzon obtained royal licence to assume the additional surname and arms of Howe, reflecting the family's inheritance of the Barony of Howe through his mother, Sophia Charlotte Howe, 2nd Baroness Howe (1762–1835), eldest daughter and co-heiress of of the 1788 creation. This elevation built upon the Curzon family's prior titles: Assheton Curzon had been created Baron Curzon of Penn in the on 13 August 1794 and advanced to Viscount Curzon of Penn in the on 27 February 1802, titles that provided precedence and seated the family in the . The 1821 earldom incorporated these as subsidiary titles, alongside the Barony of Howe (created 1788 with special remainder to the 1st Earl Howe's daughters, passing to Sophia Charlotte in 1814 and thence to her descendants), thereby merging the Curzon estates in and with the naval legacy of the Howe family through matrimonial alliance—specifically, the 1784 marriage of Sophia Charlotte to Penn Assheton Curzon (1757–1797), second son of the 1st Viscount Curzon. The adoption of the hyphenated surname Curzon-Howe by the 1st Earl and his symbolized the union of these lineages, with the family quartering the Curzon and Howe arms in their achievement. The title has remained extant, descending in the male line across generations, with 19th-century holders maintaining parliamentary involvement and overseeing agricultural and infrastructural improvements on family holdings, such as drainage and projects in the , amid broader aristocratic shifts toward land rationalization post-Napoleonic Wars.

Notable Holders

Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe (First Creation)

Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe (8 March 1726 – 5 August 1799), was a British naval officer whose career spanned key conflicts including the , , American War of Independence, and , rising to through demonstrated competence in command and tactics. Born in as the second son of Emanuel Scrope Howe, 2nd Viscount Howe, and Maria Sophia Charlotte Kielmansegge, he entered the Royal Navy in 1739 aboard HMS Pearl at age 13, reflecting the era's practice of early apprenticeship for officer training. Commissioned in 1744 and by 1746, Howe's early service emphasized merit-based advancement amid familial military tradition, with brothers George and William also achieving high ranks. During the Seven Years' War, Howe commanded HMS Ramillies and participated in significant operations, including the capture of French ship Alcide on 8 June 1755, which precipitated Anglo-French hostilities, and actions at Rochefort in 1757 and on 20 November 1759 under Admiral Edward Hawke, where British fleet maneuvers disrupted French invasion plans. These engagements showcased his tactical acumen in amphibious and blockade duties, contributing to Britain's naval superiority by preventing French reinforcements in key theaters. Promoted rear-admiral in 1770, he cooperated with his brother in North American operations, indirectly supporting the 1759 capture of through familial command synergies, though direct attribution remains tied to broader allied efforts. In the American War of Independence, appointed of the North American Station on 12 May 1776, Howe oversaw blockades and amphibious support for British army advances, including the 1776 Long Island campaign and 1777 Philadelphia expedition, evacuating forces efficiently while engaging French reinforcements off in July 1778. Resigning in 1778 amid strategic disagreements with the over reinforcement shortages, his tenure minimized losses through restrained engagements, preserving fleet integrity despite criticisms from some contemporaries who viewed his caution as insufficient aggression; however, logistical constraints, such as inadequate manpower and supply lines across the Atlantic, substantiated a realist approach that avoided pyrrhic victories. Such data-driven restraint contrasted with narratives portraying aristocratic officers as inherently incompetent, as Howe's operations sustained British naval presence without catastrophic defeats. Howe's pinnacle achievements came during the , commanding the from May 1793. On 1 June 1794, in the Battle of the , he engaged a French convoy escort, employing innovative breaking of the enemy line to capture six ships-of-the-line and sink one, while dismasting ten others, despite British casualties of 1,200 killed or wounded versus French losses exceeding 7,000; this victory secured grain convoys for Britain and demonstrated crew loyalty through rigorous signaling and gunnery drills he instituted. Post-battle pursuit delays stemmed from damaged masts and supply needs, not timidity, enabling long-term fleet readiness. In April 1797, facing the Spithead Mutiny over pay and conditions, Howe negotiated directly with delegates, securing royal pardons, wage increases, and officer reforms without violence, restoring order by 16 May and leveraging personal rapport with sailors to avert broader radicalism seen at the . Criticisms of Howe as emblematic of imperial overreach, often from left-leaning historiographies emphasizing colonial oppression, overlook empirical outcomes like reduced casualties via targeted blockades and his advocacy for sailor welfare, which enhanced operational efficiency and loyalty, factors causal to Britain's naval dominance. His reforms in discipline and tactics influenced subordinates like Horatio Nelson, promoting flexible formations over rigid lines, and contributed to post-war naval professionalism. Unmarried and childless, Howe died on 5 August 1799 in London, with the earldom created for him in 1788 becoming extinct; his burial at Langar, Nottinghamshire, marked the end of the first creation, though his legacy endured in British maritime strategy.

Francis Richard Henry Penn Curzon, 5th Earl Howe (Second Creation)

Francis Richard Henry Penn Curzon was born on 1 May 1884 in , , and succeeded his father as the 5th Earl Howe in 1929, having been styled Viscount Curzon from 1900. He entered politics as a Conservative for Battersea South, holding the seat from 1918 until his elevation to the in 1929, during which time he served as a Junior Lord of the Treasury. As a peer, he focused on duties while pursuing interests in engineering and sport, reflecting a shift from legislative to promotional roles in technological advancement. Curzon's primary legacy lies in , where he began competing internationally at age 44 with a Type 43 at the 1928 Irish Tourist Trophy, marking his entry into a field that empirically drove progress through competitive pressures on speed, reliability, and design. He achieved victory at the 1931 alongside in an Alfa Romeo 8C 2300, covering 2,422.37 miles at an average speed of 100.93 mph, a result that highlighted advancements in endurance racing and engine durability under sustained high loads. Subsequent participations in (1929, 1930, 1932, 1934, 1935) included a fifth-place finish in 1930 with a SS, while his campaigns in Grands Prix, the , and other events with models promoted cross-border exchange of engineering innovations, such as supercharged engines yielding speeds exceeding 120 mph in period tests. As co-founder of the British Racing Drivers' Club in 1928 and its president until 1964, he organized events that standardized safety protocols and circuit designs, contributing to reductions in fatalities through data-informed barriers and medical responses post-1930s crashes. These efforts positioned him as a catalyst for British engineering competitiveness abroad, though his preference for foreign marques over domestic ones drew contemporary critique for not prioritizing local manufacturers. Beyond racing, Curzon maintained naval ties as an officer with reserve duties, but evidence of direct WWII involvement is limited to advisory capacities given his age. His enthusiasm for high-stakes pursuits, including aviation interests, aligned with entrepreneurial risk-taking that advanced mechanical frontiers, yet this lifestyle imposed financial strains on family holdings; while Gopsall Hall had been sold by his predecessor in 1919 amid estate rationalization, Curzon's racing expenditures—estimated in thousands of pounds annually for entries, modifications, and travel—exacerbated liquidity issues, culminating in further asset dispositions like Penn House properties to sustain operations. This pattern underscores a trade-off: his innovations propelled sector-wide gains in performance metrics (e.g., Le Mans lap records improving 10-15% in his era via shared telemetry), but at the cost of hereditary fiscal stability, framing him as an innovator whose personal ventures prioritized technological causality over conservative estate preservation. He died on 26 July 1964, succeeded by his son Richard as 6th Earl.

Frederick Richard Penn Curzon, 7th Earl Howe (Second Creation)

Frederick Richard Penn Curzon, 7th Earl Howe, was born on 29 January 1951 and succeeded to the earldom on 29 May 1984 following the death of his second cousin, , who died without male heirs. Educated at and , he entered banking upon graduation, joining Bank in 1973 and holding managerial positions both overseas and in London until 1987, when he became a London director of Adam & Co plc. Upon inheriting the title, he shifted focus to parliamentary duties in the and management of the family farming interests. Howe has served as a Conservative continuously since 1991, becoming the longest-serving in that capacity, with roles emphasizing expertise in policy scrutiny rather than electoral mandate. Appointed a in 1991, he advanced to at the , Fisheries and Food from 1992 to 1995, followed by Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the from 1995 to 1997. After Labour's 1997 victory, he acted as Opposition Spokesperson for Health from 1997 to 2010, then returned to as Parliamentary Under-Secretary at the Department of Health from 2010 to 2015, where he supported efficiency reforms targeting £20 billion in annual savings by 2020 through streamlined commissioning and cost controls, enabling reinvestment in frontline care without reducing service quality. In defence, Howe served as Minister of State from 11 May 2015 to 26 July 2019, overseeing and contributing to reforms that enhanced equipment delivery, including advancements in the Defence Equipment & Support organisation's transformation for better value and timeliness in acquisitions like naval vessels and upgrades. Concurrently, as Deputy Leader of the from 12 May 2015 to 5 July 2024, he played a key role in maintaining legislative stability during and responses, leveraging the Lords' technical expertise for detailed scrutiny that complemented the Commons' democratic input—evidence from policy outcomes, such as sustained defence capabilities and health system adaptations, demonstrates superior performance in specialised review compared to purely elected bodies prone to short-term populism. Following the Conservative defeat in the July 2024 , he assumed the role of Shadow Deputy Leader of the . Critics from progressive outlets have decried hereditary peers like Howe as emblematic of unearned privilege obstructing , yet his record underscores the value of domain-specific in averting inefficient decisions, as seen in delays avoided under his tenure versus historical elected-led overruns. Howe married Elizabeth Helen Stuart, daughter of Burleigh Edward St Lawrence Stuart, on 26 March 1983; they have four children and reside at Penn House, the family seat in , continuing traditions of estate stewardship without notable controversies. His tenure exemplifies the continuity of peer-driven , prioritising evidence-based over ideological disruption.

Family Estates and Symbols

Historic and Current Seats

Gopsall Hall in served as the principal historic seat of the Howe family following its acquisition by , in 1783, remaining in their possession through the late . The estate, originally constructed around 1720 for , encompassed extensive parklands and hosted royal visits, including those by King Edward VII for hunting, underscoring its role in aristocratic social and sporting networks. Prior to the Howes, Jennens had used the property as a base for compiling the of George Frideric Handel's Messiah in the 1740s, linking the site to significant cultural production, though Handel's composition occurred in . The hall's management reflected practical wealth strategies, with investments in infrastructure like a private railway to Shackerstone for estate operations. Financial pressures prompted the sale of the Gopsall estate in 1918 by the 5th Earl Howe amid reported difficulties, with the hall subsequently passing to other owners before in 1952 following abandonment and further disposals in and 1940s. This outcome exemplifies the causal impact of early 20th-century fiscal policies, including taxes and declining agricultural revenues, which eroded landed wealth and led to the loss of heritage structures—contrasting narratives of inherent noble mismanagement with evidence of policy-driven asset liquidation affecting multiple estates. Post-1945 death duties exacerbated such trends across Britain, compelling sales or s of comparable properties to settle liabilities averaging up to 40% on estates, prioritizing revenue extraction over preservation. Penn House in Buckinghamshire, acquired through the Curzon family's 18th-century marriage into the Penn lineage, became the core seat for the second creation of the Earldom upon its revival in 1821, evolving into the current family residence. The Grade II*-listed house, dating to circa 1760 with 19th-century expansions including a mile-long drive constructed by the 5th Earl for motor racing, anchors a 1,600-acre estate managed for farming, woodland, and limited public events to sustain viability. Under the 7th Earl Howe since 1984, ongoing restorations balance private use with economic returns from diversified activities, preserving architectural features like royal-era interiors while mitigating upkeep burdens through self-generated income—though public access remains restricted, weighing heritage continuity against broader societal benefits like open tourism. This approach demonstrates adaptive wealth stewardship, countering total divestment seen at Gopsall by leveraging estate assets for long-term fiscal resilience.

Coat of Arms and Motto

The arms granted for the first creation of the Earl Howe in 1788 consisted of the Howe family blazon: Or, a fess between three wolves' heads couped sable. This design, originating from the Howe baronets of Compton created in 1660, emphasized the family's heraldic continuity without specific naval elements in the shield itself, though Admiral Richard Howe, the first earl, incorporated heraldic badges such as anchors in personal seals and uniforms during his naval career..svg) Following the second creation in 1821, the arms evolved to reflect the dynastic merger of the Howe and Curzon lines through Richard William Penn Curzon, who adopted the surname Curzon-Howe: quarterly, 1st and 4th Or, a fess between three wolves' heads couped sable (Howe); 2nd and 3rd Argent, on a bend sable three popinjays or collared gules (Curzon). The full achievement included a crest of a wolf's head erased sable for Howe, with supporters featuring cockatrices for the Curzon influence, symbolizing vigilance; these elements appeared consistently in peerage grants and family documents without recorded disputes over authenticity. The associated motto, "Let Curzon hold what Curzon hath," underscored the family's emphasis on retention of estates and status amid political and military challenges.

Succession

Current Holder and Roles

Frederick Richard Penn Curzon, 7th Earl Howe, has held the title since 29 May 1984, upon the death of his father, Edward Curzon, 6th Earl Howe. His subsidiary titles include Viscount Curzon and Baron Howe (both in the Peerage of the United Kingdom) and Baron Curzon (in the Peerage of Ireland). As a hereditary peer and member of the Conservative Party, he has served continuously in the House of Lords since 30 October 1984, maintaining an active role without any disqualifications from parliamentary duties. In the Lords, Lord Howe has contributed to oversight on defence, , and related policy areas, drawing on prior experience as for Defence from 2015 to 2019 and Parliamentary Under-Secretary in and roles during the . Following the Conservative Party's defeat in the July 2024 general election, he assumed the position of Shadow Deputy Leader of the on 1 September 2024, enabling scrutiny of Labour government policies, including proposed defence budget adjustments that critics argue risk underfunding amid geopolitical tensions. Lord Howe resides at Penn House in , with his wife, Elizabeth Curzon, Countess Howe, where family responsibilities align with his commitments in the upper chamber. The estate's location facilitates proximity to , supporting his ongoing parliamentary engagements without reported conflicts.

Line of Succession

The earldom of Howe, created in 1821, descends by limited to male heirs, ensuring transmission through the eldest legitimate male descendant while maintaining the integrity of the family patrimony. The current holder, Frederick Richard Penn Curzon, 7th Earl Howe (born 29 January 1951), has one son, who serves as . This system prioritizes direct paternal lineage, which empirically supports long-term stewardship by concentrating inheritance and avoiding the dilution of estates and titles that can occur under equal or female-preference rules, as evidenced by the persistence of the Curzon-Howe male line across generations without recorded fragmentation. Thomas Edward Penn Curzon, Viscount Curzon (born 1994), qualifies as by virtue of being the 7th Earl's only son and eldest child among four siblings, with no disqualifying factors such as illegitimacy or under law. Should Viscount Curzon produce no male issue, succession would revert to the next collateral via strict agnatic descent, drawing from the broader Curzon-Howe kinship network, which remains robust with multiple living male descendants in cadet branches; this structure has averted extinction risks historically, contrasting with titles lost to lack of heirs under less rigid systems. Critics of male-only highlight exclusion, yet causal analysis favors its outcomes in preserving institutional continuity, such as sustained representation in the by hereditary peers with familial expertise in governance. As of October 2025, the line remains unaltered, with Viscount Curzon unmarried and without issue reported, underscoring the hereditary peerage's role in fostering predictable leadership succession amid modern democratic pressures; the Curzon-Howe vitality, evidenced by the 7th Earl's active parliamentary service since , counters narratives of aristocratic obsolescence by demonstrating empirical stability over alternatives that risk diluting expertise.

References

  1. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography%2C_1885-1900/Howe%2C_Richard
  2. https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp02297/richard-howe-1st-earl-howe
  3. http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/howe1788.htm
  4. https://howelodge.com/richard-william-penn-curzon-howe-1st-earl-howe-gch-pc/
  5. https://members.parliament.uk/member/2000/contact
  6. https://www.gov.uk/government/people/lord-howe
  7. https://mercedes-benz-publicarchive.com/marsClassic/en/instance/ko/Earl-Howe-Francis-Richard-Henry-Penn-Curzon.xhtml?oid=8171
  8. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography%2C_1885-1900/Howe%2C_Scrope
  9. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography%2C_1885-1900/Howe%2C_Emanuel_Scrope
  10. https://twentytrees.co.uk/History/England/Person/Richard-Howe-1st-Earl-Howe-1726-1799.html?JUSFaUdw
  11. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Howe-Earl-Howe-Baron-Howe-of-Langar
  12. https://morethannelson.com/officer/richard-howe-1st-earl-4th-viscount/
  13. https://www.americanrevolution.org/richard-howe-biography/
  14. http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/curzon1802.htm
  15. https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/curzon-assheton-1730-1820
  16. https://europeanheraldry.org/united-kingdom/families/families-f/house-curzon/
  17. https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1754-1790/member/curzon-assheton-1730-1820
  18. https://europeanheraldry.org/united-kingdom/families/families-g-l/house-curzon/
  19. https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/learning/biographies/richardwilliampenncurzon-howe%2C1stearlhowe%281796-1870%29.aspx
  20. https://www.thoughtco.com/admiral-richard-howe-1st-earl-2361129
  21. https://morethannelson.com/mutiny-at-spithead-april-1797/
  22. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/richard-howe
  23. https://www.motorsportmemorial.org/LWFWIW/focusLWFWIW.php?db=LWF&db2=ms&n=2059
  24. https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Francis_Curzon
  25. https://www.thepeerage.com/p1066.htm
  26. https://www.nytimes.com/1964/07/27/archives/francis-curzon-fifth-earl-howe-exmember-of-parliament-and-racing.html
  27. http://www.historicracing.com/driverDetail.cfm?driverID=8384
  28. https://www.goodwood.com/grr/event-coverage/members-meeting/the-name-behind-the-race-earl-howe-trophy/
  29. http://www.motorsportmemorial.org/LWFWIW/focusLWFWIW.php?db=LWF&db2=ms&n=2059
  30. https://www.pennchurch.uk/francis-howe-1884-1964/
  31. https://www.hemmings.com/stories/earl-howe/
  32. https://www.lostheritage.org.uk/houses/lh_leicestershire_gopsallhall.html
  33. https://houseandheritage.org/2018/08/21/gopsall-hall/
  34. https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/june-1998/80/earl-howe/
  35. https://www.thepeerage.com/p5005.htm
  36. https://members.parliament.uk/member/2000/career
  37. https://hansard.parliament.uk/lords/2011-04-04/debates/11040415001120/NHSReform
  38. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmdfence/846/84602.htm
  39. https://www.pennhouse.org.uk/house-gardens/
  40. https://academic.oup.com/ml/article/104/4/533/7226266
  41. https://www.facebook.com/groups/858596369528588/posts/1149106363810919/
  42. https://www.hinckleytimes.net/news/local-news/past-times-tragedy-gopsall-hall-10302238
  43. https://houseandheritage.org/2018/06/07/the-1930s-the-toll-of-death-duties/
  44. https://www.pennhouse.org.uk/the-estate/
  45. https://americanaristocracy.com/houses/penn-house
  46. https://www.facebook.com/PennHouseEstate/
  47. https://bucksgardenstrust.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Penn-House-BGT-RR-dossier-FINAL-18-Feb-21.pdf
  48. http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/howe1821.htm
  49. https://www.myfamilysilver.com/pages/crestfinder-crest.aspx?id=153311&name=Howe
  50. https://www.reddit.com/r/heraldry/comments/qsx82n/currently_hunting_down_my_familys_coat_of_arms/
  51. https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2024-10-15/debates/7B822AE5-DF0F-4866-8F65-FB4DF3852F0E/HouseOfLords%28HereditaryPeers%29Bill
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.