Emanuel Swedberg is born in Stockholm, Sweden. His father, Jesper Swedberg, was a Lutheran chaplain to the Swedish Royal Court and later Bishop of Skara. His mother was Anna Behm, daughter of assessor Albrecht Behm and Anna Retzius.

Swedenborg's early life is steeped in religious atmosphere. His father's position exposed him to theological discussions and a strong moral framework. He later stated that from his childhood, his thoughts were constantly engaged upon God, salvation, and spiritual experiences.

Swedenborg matriculates at Uppsala University, where he studies classical languages (Latin, Greek, Hebrew), mathematics, natural sciences, and philosophy. This broad curriculum laid the groundwork for his later scientific and philosophical pursuits.

He graduates from Uppsala, and presents his academic thesis, a collection of Latin verses. His early writings reveal a penchant for intellectual inquiry and a strong command of language.

Swedenborg embarks on a five-year journey through England, the Netherlands, France, and Germany. He studies mathematics, astronomy, mechanics, and other sciences, immersing himself in the intellectual currents of the time. He also studies practical skills such as watchmaking and instrument design.

Swedenborg returns to Sweden after his extensive travels, armed with a wealth of knowledge and a network of contacts. He is eager to apply his knowledge to practical and scientific endeavors.

Through the influence of his family, particularly his father’s connections to King Charles XII, Swedenborg is appointed Assessor Extraordinary to the Swedish Board of Mines (Bergskollegium) by King Charles XII. This position provided financial stability and allowed him to pursue his scientific interests.

Swedenborg meets Christopher Polhem, a renowned Swedish inventor and engineer. Polhem becomes a mentor and collaborator, further fueling Swedenborg's interest in technology and engineering. They worked on several projects together.