The Ibero-American Exposition of 1929 (Spanish: Exposición iberoamericana de 1929; Portuguese: Exposição Ibero-Americana de 1929) was a world's fair held in Seville, Spain, from 9 May 1929 until 21 June 1930. Countries in attendance of the exposition included: Portugal, the United States, Brazil, Uruguay, Mexico, Peru, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Venezuela, the Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Panama, El Salvador, Costa Rica, and Ecuador. Each Spanish region and each of the provinces of Andalusia were also represented.

General Miguel Primo de Rivera, then Prime Minister of Spain, gave the opening address. Primo de Rivera allowed the Spanish King Alfonso XIII to give the final words and officially open the exposition. The purpose of the exposition was to improve relations between Spain and the countries in attendance, all of which have historical ties with Spain through either colonisation (parts of Spanish America and the United States) or political union (Portugal and Brazil). Other countries were represented at the International section in Barcelona.

The exposition was smaller in scale than the International Exposition held in Barcelona during that same year, but it was not lacking in style. The city of Seville had prepared for the Exposition over the course of 19 years. The exhibition's buildings were constructed in María Luisa Park along the Guadalquivir River. A majority of the buildings were built to remain permanent after the closing of the exposition.

Many of the buildings built to represent the foreign countries participating in the event, including that of the United States, were to be used as consulates after the closing of the exhibits. By the opening of the exposition all of the buildings were complete, although many were no longer new. Not long before the opening of the Exposition, the Spanish government also began a modernization of the city in order to prepare for the expected crowds by erecting new hotels and widening the medieval streets to allow for the movement of automobiles.

Spain spent a large amount of money in developing its exhibits for the fair and constructed elaborate buildings to hold them. The exhibits were designed to show the social and economic progress of Spain as well as expressing its culture.

Spanish architect Aníbal González Álvarez-Ossorio designed the largest and most famous of the buildings, which surrounded the Plaza de España. The largest of the exhibits housed in this building was located in the Hall of the Discovery of America (Spanish: Salón del Descubrimento de América). The building contained documents, maps, and other objects related to Christopher Columbus' discovery of the Americas, including a set of 120 letters and manuscript that had belonged to him, the last testament of Hernán Cortés, and detailed dioramas of historic moments. An exact replica of the Santa María, Columbus's ship, complete with a costumed crew, floated on the Guadalquivir River.

The cities of Spain contributed structures designed to reflect their unique cultures to be placed in the "Pavilions of the Spanish regions" (Spanish: Pabellones de las regiones españolas). Spain's exhibits also included a large collection of art located in the Palacio Mudéjar ("Mudéjar art palace"), Palacio Renacimiento ("Renaissance palace"), and the Palacio de la Casa Real [es] ("Palace of the Royal House").

The Institute of Art from the University of Seville was moved to the Palacio Mudéjar for the duration of the exposition on the permission gained from the exposition committee by Count Columbi. The committee also set aside funds from their budget to purchase materials for the Institute.