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John Hopfield
John Joseph Hopfield (born July 15, 1933) is an American physicist and emeritus professor of Princeton University, most widely known for his study of associative neural networks in 1982. He is known for the development of the Hopfield network. Before its invention, research in artificial intelligence (AI) was in a decay period or AI winter, Hopfield's work revitalized large-scale interest in this field.
In 2024 Hopfield, along with Geoffrey Hinton, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for "foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks." He has been awarded various major physics awards for his work in multidisciplinary fields including condensed matter physics, statistical physics and biophysics.
John Joseph Hopfield was born in 1933 in Chicago to physicists John Joseph Hopfield (born in Poland as Jan Józef Chmielewski) and Helen Hopfield (née Staff).
Hopfield received a Bachelor of Arts with a major in physics from Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania in 1954 and a Doctor of Philosophy in physics from Cornell University in 1958. His doctoral dissertation was titled "A quantum-mechanical theory of the contribution of excitons to the complex dielectric constant of crystals". His doctoral advisor was Albert Overhauser.
He spent two years in the theory group at Bell Laboratories working on optical properties of semiconductors working with David Gilbert Thomas and later on a quantitative model to describe the cooperative behavior of hemoglobin in collaboration with Robert G. Shulman. Subsequently he became a faculty member at University of California, Berkeley (physics, 1961–1964), Princeton University (physics, 1964–1980), California Institute of Technology (Caltech, chemistry and biology, 1980–1997) and again at Princeton (1997–), where he is the Howard A. Prior Professor of Molecular Biology, emeritus.
In 1976, he participated in a science short film on the structure of the hemoglobin, featuring Linus Pauling.
From 1981 to 1983 Richard Feynman, Carver Mead and Hopfield gave a one-year course at Caltech called "The Physics of Computation". This collaboration inspired the Computation and Neural Systems PhD program at Caltech in 1986, co-founded by Hopfield.
His former PhD students include Gerald Mahan (PhD in 1964), Bertrand Halperin (1965), Steven Girvin (1977), Terry Sejnowski (1978), Erik Winfree (1998), José Onuchic (1987), Li Zhaoping (1990) and David J. C. MacKay (1992).
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John Hopfield
John Joseph Hopfield (born July 15, 1933) is an American physicist and emeritus professor of Princeton University, most widely known for his study of associative neural networks in 1982. He is known for the development of the Hopfield network. Before its invention, research in artificial intelligence (AI) was in a decay period or AI winter, Hopfield's work revitalized large-scale interest in this field.
In 2024 Hopfield, along with Geoffrey Hinton, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for "foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks." He has been awarded various major physics awards for his work in multidisciplinary fields including condensed matter physics, statistical physics and biophysics.
John Joseph Hopfield was born in 1933 in Chicago to physicists John Joseph Hopfield (born in Poland as Jan Józef Chmielewski) and Helen Hopfield (née Staff).
Hopfield received a Bachelor of Arts with a major in physics from Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania in 1954 and a Doctor of Philosophy in physics from Cornell University in 1958. His doctoral dissertation was titled "A quantum-mechanical theory of the contribution of excitons to the complex dielectric constant of crystals". His doctoral advisor was Albert Overhauser.
He spent two years in the theory group at Bell Laboratories working on optical properties of semiconductors working with David Gilbert Thomas and later on a quantitative model to describe the cooperative behavior of hemoglobin in collaboration with Robert G. Shulman. Subsequently he became a faculty member at University of California, Berkeley (physics, 1961–1964), Princeton University (physics, 1964–1980), California Institute of Technology (Caltech, chemistry and biology, 1980–1997) and again at Princeton (1997–), where he is the Howard A. Prior Professor of Molecular Biology, emeritus.
In 1976, he participated in a science short film on the structure of the hemoglobin, featuring Linus Pauling.
From 1981 to 1983 Richard Feynman, Carver Mead and Hopfield gave a one-year course at Caltech called "The Physics of Computation". This collaboration inspired the Computation and Neural Systems PhD program at Caltech in 1986, co-founded by Hopfield.
His former PhD students include Gerald Mahan (PhD in 1964), Bertrand Halperin (1965), Steven Girvin (1977), Terry Sejnowski (1978), Erik Winfree (1998), José Onuchic (1987), Li Zhaoping (1990) and David J. C. MacKay (1992).