Lijiang (Chinese: 丽江), formerly romanized as Likiang, is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of Yunnan Province, China. It has an area of 21,219 square kilometres (8,193 sq mi) and had a population of 1,253,878 at the 2020 census whom 288,787 lived in the built-up area (metro) made of Gucheng District. By the end of 2024, the registered population of the city was 1,243,700. Lijiang is famous for its UNESCO Heritage Site, the Old Town of Lijiang, which contains a mixture of different historical architecture styles and a complex, ancient water-supply system. It borders Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and Panzhihua City in Sichuan Province to the east and it has one municipality and four counties.

Lijiang City is located on the Yungui Plateau, abutting the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is one of the key forest areas in Yunnan Province, and one of the west–east power transmission bases of China's hydropower industry. Lijiang City is a multi-ethnic settlement: apart from the Han nationality, there are a total of 22 ethnic minorities.

Lijiang is the only prefecture-level city with three World Heritage Sites. It is rich in tourism resources, with 104 widely recognised tourist attractions, including the Old Town of Lijiang, Yulong Snow Mountain, Tiger Leaping Gorge, and Laojun Mountain.

As far back as 100,000 years ago, people of the late Paleolithic were active in what is now Lijiang^{[citation needed]}. The discovery of cave paintings in the Jinsha River Valley along with numerous Neolithic stone tools and later artifacts of Bronze and Iron Age provenance reveal Lijiang to have been one of the most important centres of ancient human activity in southwest China.

During the Warring States period, today's Lijiang was part of the Shu Prefecture of the Qin state. At the end of the Warring States period, it was incorporated into the Dian Kingdom. The Dian Kingdom submitted to the Han dynasty, and today's Lijiang City belonged to the Yuezhi Commandery, known as Suijiu County. By the time of the Three Kingdoms, it was part of Yunnan Prefecture. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties period, the Naxi people migrated to the area. During the time of the Tang dynasty it was incorporated into the Tibetan Empire, and subsequently the Nanzhao kingdom, coming under the jurisdiction of the Jianchuan Jiedushi (military commission).

The Baisha Old Town was the political, commercial and cultural center for the local Naxi people and other ethnic groups for 450 years from the year 658 AD to 1107AD. The Dabaoji Palace of the Baisha Fresco, very close to the Baisha Naxi Hand-made Embroidery Institute, was built in the year 658 AD in the Tang dynasty (618 AD to 907 AD).

In ancient times, the Baisha Old Town used to be the center of silk embroidery in the southwest of China and the most important place of the Ancient Southern Silk Road, also called the Ancient Tea and Horse Road or Ancient tea route. The Ancient Southern Silk Road started from Burma, crossed Lijiang, Shangri-La County, Tibet, continued through Iran, the Fertile Crescent before finally reaching the Mediterranean.

Lijiang submitted to Khubilai Khan as he led his troops against the Dali kingdom in 1253. Though the kingdom was incorporated into the Mongol empire, then the Yuan dynasty, it was given the status of tusi, or indigenous office, which gave autonomy to the local Naxi rulers. During the Ming dynasty, the Naxi were one of the few border peoples to support the Ming immediately. As the Naxi helped the Ming expand in Southwest China the ruler family was given the title of Mu. During this period the Kingdom of Lijiang was able to expand into Sichuan and Tibet bringing many Tibetan peoples into its territory as well as their cultural and religious influence. It was under the rule of the Naxi ruling house of the Mu family (木氏) during the Yuan (not yet named Mu), Ming, and Qing dynasties. The Mu "held this position until 1723, when Lijiang became directly incorporated under the authority of the Qing central government."