Hubbry Logo
Lot numberLot numberMain
Open search
Lot number
Community hub
Lot number
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Lot number
Lot number
Lot number
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia
Lot number stamped on a British QF 3-pounder artillery shell.

A lot number is an identification number assigned to a particular quantity or lot of material from a single manufacturer. Lot numbers can typically be found on the outside of packaging. For cars, a lot number is combined with a serial number to form the Vehicle Identification Number.[1]

The lot number enables tracing of the constituent parts or ingredients as well as labor and equipment records involved in the manufacturing of a product. This enables manufacturers and other entities to perform quality control checks, calculate expiration dates, and issue corrections or recall information to subsets of their production output. It also gives consumers an identifier that they can use in contacting the manufacturer and researching the production of goods received. For example to trace back the origin of fish or meat, in case of a public health problem.

Some lot numbers are generated with the use of date and time stamps to help identify a specific lot.

While there is no standard format for a lot number, often a date and lot code (DLC) will include the World Manufacturer Identifier or ISO manufacturer code, a date code indicating the week or perhaps the specific day the item was manufactured (not to be confused with the expiration date also stamped on some products), a company plant number or line number, and a batch number.[2][3]

Some serial numbers have the same structure, with the addition of a unique count to distinguish between the items of a batch.[citation needed]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Lot number

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
A lot number is a unique alphanumeric identifier assigned to a specific batch or group of products manufactured, processed, or packaged under uniform conditions, enabling of the complete production history from raw materials to distribution. In regulated industries such as pharmaceuticals, , and for certain critical devices, lot numbers—often interchangeable with batch or control numbers—facilitate by allowing manufacturers to track items through the , identify defects, and execute targeted recalls if or issues arise. For instance, under U.S. (FDA) regulations, a lot number must consist of distinctive letters, numbers, or symbols that permit determination of the full , , packing, holding, and distribution history of the batch. This is critical for compliance with current good practices (cGMP), where a lot represents a batch or portion thereof with uniform character and quality within specified limits. Beyond regulatory requirements, lot numbers support inventory management and risk mitigation in broader manufacturing contexts, helping to isolate faulty products without disrupting unrelated stock. In the food sector, for example, the FDA's traceability lot code (TLC)—a type of lot identifier—is assigned at key points like initial packing of raw agricultural commodities or transformation processes, ensuring rapid identification of sources during outbreak investigations. Similarly, in dietary supplements, lot numbers link to records for verifying compliance with safety standards. The format of lot numbers varies by industry and manufacturer but typically includes elements like production date, facility code, or sequential batch identifiers to enhance specificity and avoid duplication. International standards, such as those from the (ISO) in systems like ISO 9001, emphasize the use of such identifiers for product identification and without prescribing a rigid format, allowing flexibility while mandating unique distinguishability. Effective implementation of lot numbering not only meets legal obligations but also minimizes economic losses from recalls by enabling more targeted actions.

Fundamentals

Definition

A lot number is a unique alphanumeric identifier assigned to a discrete batch or quantity of identical products or materials produced under uniform conditions by a single manufacturer. This identifier enables the determination of the complete manufacturing history of the batch, distinguishing it as a tool for grouping items sharing the same production parameters, such as raw materials, processes, and time frame. Unlike serial numbers, which provide a for each individual item within a production run to track its specific history or , lot numbers serve as group identifiers for all items in a batch produced together, facilitating collective without item-level granularity. This differentiation is crucial in , where lot numbers apply broadly to batches while serial numbers enable precise, one-to-one tracking for high-value or regulated . Typically, lot numbers appear as simple textual or printed alphanumeric labels on product , such as "LN12345" etched or stamped directly on containers or tags. Lot numbers play a key role in by enabling of production batches.

Purpose

Lot numbers serve as unique identifiers for batches of products produced under similar conditions, enabling comprehensive of production elements such as raw materials, ingredients, parts, labor, and used in . This is essential for , allowing manufacturers to isolate defects or non-conformities to specific lots without affecting unrelated production runs, thereby maintaining overall process integrity. According to the U.S. (FDA), lot numbers facilitate the tracking of devices from production to end-use, supporting investigations and ensuring compliance with quality system regulations under 21 CFR 820.65. Similarly, in food production, lot codes link key data elements across the , aiding in the precise identification of affected batches during safety assessments. Throughout the , lot numbers play a in determining expiration dates by associating batches with specific production timelines and storage conditions, which informs inventory management and rotation to prevent spoilage or . They also enable efficient product s by delineating the scope of affected items, allowing regulators and manufacturers to target only contaminated or defective lots rather than entire product lines. The FDA emphasizes that lot codes help determine recall boundaries and link products to handling firms, expediting responses to outbreaks or quality issues as outlined in the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) final rule. In the sector, this capability reduces the time required to isolate sources of , such as in cases of or , minimizing broader distribution risks. For consumers and , lot numbers provide a mechanism to investigate product origins in incidents like foodborne illnesses, enabling end-users to contact manufacturers for verification or return affected items. This empowers rapid reporting to authorities, facilitating investigations into sources and preventing further . The U.S. Department of Agriculture's highlights that systems, including lot numbering, support traceback for , allowing quick isolation of unsafe products and targeted recalls to protect . Economically, lot numbers reduce and liability costs by enabling precise at the batch level, avoiding unnecessary disposal of unaffected and limiting recall expenses, which can average $10 million per incident without effective tracking. The USDA reports that enhanced lowers supply chain costs, including holding and recall-related losses, by improving efficiency and reducing the scope of interventions in high-risk scenarios.

Components and Format

Typical Elements

Lot numbers typically consist of several common structural components that enable identification and tracking of production batches across manufacturing processes. These include a manufacturer identifier, such as a code representing the producing company or facility; date codes indicating the production timeframe, such as Julian dates (ordinal day of the year) or week-year formats (e.g., YYWW for year and week number); plant or identifiers to specify the manufacturing location or ; and sequential batch numbers that uniquely distinguish one production run from another within the same facility or period. There is no universal standard format for lot numbers, allowing variation by manufacturer and industry while ensuring uniqueness. Encoding practices in lot numbers often incorporate timestamps, such as day or hour details, particularly in high-precision environments to narrow down production windows for enhanced . Alphanumeric schemes are commonly employed to compactly encode multiple points, allowing a single string to convey manufacturer details, temporal information, and batch specifics without excessive length. The length of lot numbers generally ranges from 4 to 20 characters, balancing compactness with the need for unique identification; this format supports machine readability through integration with barcodes or RFID tags, while remaining legible for human scanning during checks or audits. These elements collectively facilitate batch , enabling quick or investigation if issues arise. For instance, a hypothetical lot number like "ABC-2025-045-001" can be parsed as follows: "ABC" for the manufacturer identifier, "2025-045" representing the year and week of production, and "001" denoting the specific or sequential batch.

Variations Across Industries

In the sector, particularly and textiles, lot numbers are adapted to emphasize production line codes and material sourcing identifiers for enhanced of complex assembly processes. In , these codes typically include details on the specific , shift, and batches, such as wafer lots for semiconductors, to isolate defects to particular equipment or suppliers. In textiles, lot numbers prioritize lot identifiers, which specify batches processed in the same dyeing vat to maintain color consistency across fabrics. Food and agriculture industries modify lot numbers to incorporate harvest dates or supplier codes, enabling rapid tracking of perishables like and through the . For , these codes often feature Julian dating for the harvest day—such as 120 for —alongside identifiers for fields, farms, or packers to pinpoint origins and conditions. In meat processing, lot codes often include packing dates in formats like MM/DD/YYYY along with facility and product identifiers to trace animal sources and processing runs. Cosmetics and consumer goods employ shorter lot number formats that focus on expiration proximity, typically integrating or shelf-life dates with UPC barcodes for efficient retail and recall management. Common structures use compact notations like YYMM followed by a batch letter or number—such as 2507A for July 2025—to indicate production timing without requiring explicit expiration labels on long-shelf-life items. These variations reflect sector-specific priorities: perishables in and favor date-heavy codes for freshness monitoring, whereas manufacturing in and textiles stresses equipment and sourcing details for . Building on shared typical elements like basic date codes, such adaptations ensure lot numbers align with operational demands without standardizing across all industries.

Applications

Manufacturing and Supply Chain

In manufacturing processes, lot numbers are assigned at the start of each production batch to uniquely identify and track raw materials and components from receipt through assembly and final output, enabling full of the production history. This practice aligns with standards like ISO 9001 Clause 8.5.2, which requires organizations to use suitable means, such as lot numbering, to identify outputs during production and ensure their status is known throughout the process. By linking lot numbers to specific batches, manufacturers can monitor transformations and isolate any issues arising from material inputs or processing steps, thereby supporting operational efficiency and defect prevention. Within the , lot numbers enhance by connecting finished products back to their originating supplier batches, streamlining the handling of returns and claims through precise identification of potentially faulty items. This linkage allows for quicker resolution of customer issues and reduces the scope of investigations into product origins, as lot data can reveal upstream supply details without disrupting unrelated flows. For example, if a returned item is flagged under , the associated lot number facilitates verification against supplier records, enabling targeted repairs or replacements rather than broad interventions. Lot numbers integrate seamlessly with (ERP) systems to provide granular , tracking stock levels at the batch level and enforcing First-In, First-Out (FIFO) rotation to optimize material usage and prevent stock obsolescence. In ERP environments, each lot is monitored for , , and expiration or shelf-life attributes, allowing automated alerts for low stock or aging batches to maintain accurate valuation and turnover rates. This batch-level visibility supports just-in-time manufacturing by ensuring older lots are prioritized for use or shipment, minimizing holding costs and waste across the . A general example of lot numbers' impact in manufacturing involves a defective batch of integrated circuits identified post-assembly due to intermittent failures; by tracing the lot number assigned at the component sourcing stage, the manufacturer isolated and recalled only the affected units from distribution channels, averting broader market disruptions. This targeted approach, enabled by lot , underscores how such systems contain recalls to specific batches, preserving integrity and customer trust.

Pharmaceuticals and Food Safety

In the , lot numbers are mandatory on drug labels to enable comprehensive tracking of batches throughout their lifecycle, allowing manufacturers, regulators, and healthcare providers to monitor product efficacy, stability, and potential s. According to FDA regulations under 21 CFR 201.18, lot numbers must yield the complete of a package, facilitating investigations into batch-specific issues such as deviations in stability testing, where multiple lots are evaluated per ICH Q1A guidelines to ensure consistent potency and purity over time. For reporting, lot numbers are required in submissions to systems like the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), enabling linkage to data and post-market surveillance to identify patterns in specific batches, as outlined in 21 CFR Part 600 Subpart D. In the food industry, lot numbers play a pivotal role in outbreak response by identifying and isolating contaminated batches, thereby expediting recalls and limiting exposure. For instance, during the 2018 multistate E. coli O157:H7 outbreak linked to , which sickened 210 people and caused five deaths, traceability efforts relied on lot codes and harvest records to trace contamination back to specific growing regions in , although incomplete coding initially necessitated a nationwide recall. Under the FDA's Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), traceability lot codes uniquely identify batches for rapid response, as defined in the rule, allowing authorities to quarantine affected products and prevent further distribution. Lot numbers serve as the foundation for serialization extensions in both sectors, enhancing anti-counterfeiting measures by combining with unique s. In the United States, the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) mandates that product identifiers include the National Drug Code (NDC), lot number, expiration date, and serial number on packages to verify authenticity and enable interoperable tracing, with full enforcement phases concluding in late 2025 for dispensers. This serialized approach builds on lot-level tracking to combat diversion and falsified medicines, reducing risks in the . The impact of lot numbers is profound, as effective significantly improves efficiency by confining actions to contaminated batches, thereby reducing the affected distribution scope and associated costs. Studies indicate that robust lot can lower expenses by up to 70% compared to systems lacking such precision, by enabling targeted isolation rather than broad market withdrawals, which minimizes waste and exposure in both pharmaceutical and food contexts.

Automotive and Other Sectors

In the , lot numbers are essential for tracking components such as engines, tires, and inflators, enabling precise identification during safety recalls. These identifiers are assigned to batches of parts during to maintain from suppliers to final assembly, often integrated with vehicle systems for comprehensive recall management. For instance, in the Takata airbag crisis, which led to the recall of over 67 million airbags worldwide, affecting more than 40 million vehicles, lot numbers on propellant batches allowed regulators and manufacturers to pinpoint defective inflators produced under specific conditions, facilitating targeted replacements and preventing further ruptures that caused fatalities. Although lot numbers for parts are distinct from the (VIN), which uniquely identifies the entire vehicle, they complement VIN data in recall processes by linking component batches to specific production runs. This integration supports under standards like those from the (NHTSA), where VIN lookups combined with part lot details expedite notifications to owners. In aerospace and defense sectors, lot numbering provides high-security traceability for critical components, ensuring accountability from certified suppliers through rigorous quality controls. Components such as fasteners, alloys, and avionics are marked with lot or batch numbers to comply with standards like AS9100, which mandates full documentation of serial and lot identifiers for every assembly to enable root-cause analysis in case of failures. This system allows manufacturers to trace materials back to their origins, verifying compliance with supplier certifications and mitigating risks in high-stakes environments like aircraft engines or missile systems. Beyond transportation, lot numbers play key roles in electronics for managing warranty batches and in textiles for supporting ethical sourcing audits. In electronics manufacturing, lot codes on items like smartphone motherboards determine warranty eligibility and streamline repair logistics by identifying production batches prone to defects, allowing companies to isolate issues without recalling entire product lines. In the textile industry, lot numbers facilitate traceability of dye lots and materials, aiding audits that verify ethical practices such as fair labor and sustainable sourcing by linking products to supplier records and production origins. A historical example of lot numbers ensuring munitions accountability appears in British artillery shells from World War II, where markings including lot numbers on cartridge cases and packaging enabled sorting by manufacturing batches for inventory control and malfunction investigations. These identifiers, often combined with single-letter codes for fillers, supported precise tracking of ammunition lots, preventing misuse and facilitating accountability in supply chains during wartime production.

Regulatory Framework

International Standards

International standards for lot numbers emphasize uniform identification and encoding practices to facilitate global in s. The (ISO) plays a key role through ISO 15394:2017, which specifies requirements for bar codes and two-dimensional symbols on labels for shipping, transport, and receiving. Complementing this, :2018 establishes management systems that mandate mechanisms, requiring organizations to uniquely identify lots of products and materials to trace forward and backward through the for control and recall efficiency. The system provides a globally adopted framework for extending Global Trade Item Numbers (GTINs) with lot-specific data, using standardized Application Identifiers such as AI 10 for batch or lot numbers in bar codes like GS1-128, ensuring across international supply chains for efficient and quality tracking. The (WHO) issues guidelines promoting robust batch numbering in pharmaceuticals to support and mitigate substandard drugs, defining a batch number as a unique alphanumeric identifier on labels, records, and certificates of analysis to verify authenticity and enable rapid during global distribution. Despite these frameworks, challenges persist due to varying national interpretations and legacy systems, prompting digital initiatives like GS1's integration of lot number data into and EPCIS ( Information Services) for real-time, standardized cross-border visibility, as outlined in their 2020 guidelines on applying GS1 standards to applications.

National Regulations

In the United States, the (FDA) mandates the use of lot or control numbers on drug product labels under 21 CFR Part 211, Subpart G, to enable the determination of the manufacture and control history of each batch, facilitating effective recalls and . This requirement is part of the Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP) regulations, which ensure that drug products are identifiable throughout their lifecycle. Following the enactment of the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) in 2013 as Title II of the Drug Quality and Security Act, manufacturers of prescription drugs must implement serialization, incorporating the lot number alongside the National Drug Code (NDC), a , and on packaging to enhance and prevent drugs. In the , Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on the provision of to consumers requires business operators to ensure accurate labeling, including lot identification where necessary for , particularly to support rapid recalls by isolating affected batches. This complements the broader obligations under Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, which mandates that and feed operators maintain records of lot numbers to trace products from one to the previous and next, enabling swift withdrawal or recall in cases of contamination or undeclared . Lot marking on prepacked foodstuffs is further specified in Directive 2011/91/EU, ensuring that batches can be uniquely identified for enforcement and consumer safety. Other nations have established similar national mandates tailored to their regulatory frameworks. In , the (NMPA), formerly the (CFDA), requires lot or batch numbers on pharmaceutical labels and packaging under (GMP) guidelines to track production and distribution, with records retained for periods ranging from 1 to 10 years depending on the product type and shelf life. In Canada, enforces lot number requirements through the Food and Drug Regulations, mandating that importers and manufacturers retain samples of each drug lot for at least one year beyond the expiry date to support investigations and recalls. Non-compliance with these national lot number regulations can result in significant enforcement actions. In the US, FDA violations, such as misbranding due to absent or incorrect lot numbers, may lead to civil monetary penalties up to $500,000 per violation for corporations, product seizures, injunctions, or facility shutdowns, particularly if they hinder effective recalls. In the EU, penalties vary by member state but include fines up to €100,000 or more for serious traceability failures affecting public health, along with product withdrawals. China's NMPA imposes administrative fines of 3 to 10 times the illegal gains from the violation (or up to RMB 100,000 if no gains), with higher penalties up to 20 times gains or CNY 50 million for serious violations as of 2025, license suspensions, or market bans for labeling violations. while Health Canada can issue fines up to $5 million under the Food and Drugs Act, coupled with license revocations or import bans for GMP breaches involving lot tracking.

Implementation and Technology

Generating and Assigning Lot Numbers

The generation of lot numbers typically occurs at the initiation of a production batch, where manufacturing execution systems (MES) or software employ algorithms to automatically create unique identifiers by combining predefined elements such as production timestamps, sequential counters, and product codes. For instance, formats may incorporate tags like year (YY), month (MM), day (DD), and an incrementing index to ensure differentiation across batches. In processes, initial identifiers might use a product code paired with date and time until a final lot number is allocated upon completion. Assignment of lot numbers follows generation and involves applying the identifier to the batch through physical or digital means, such as on labels, etching on components, or in digital records during material transactions. Rules for sequential uniqueness are enforced within facilities by incrementing counters or indices tied to the production order, preventing overlaps and enabling from raw materials to . Best practices emphasize the use of centralized databases within or MES platforms to avoid duplicates by validating new lot numbers against existing records in real time. In multi-site production environments, prefixed identifiers—such as a site-specific code followed by the core lot sequence—facilitate global uniqueness and simplify cross-facility management. MES tools play a critical role in real-time assignment by integrating lot generation with production workflows, allowing operators to create and apply numbers directly via interfaces during order execution, often synchronizing with upstream ERP systems for validation. This automation reduces manual errors and ensures compliance with traceability requirements across industries.

Tracking and Traceability Systems

Tracking and traceability systems enable the monitoring of lot numbers throughout the , providing visibility from production to end-user consumption. These systems leverage advanced technologies to ensure accurate, real-time data capture and retrieval, facilitating compliance, , and rapid response to issues. (RFID) technology plays a central role in lot tracking by attaching tags to products or pallets, allowing automated identification and location monitoring without line-of-sight scanning. RFID enables real-time visibility into lot movements, reducing manual errors and supporting from manufacturing facilities to distribution points. When integrated with (IoT) sensors, RFID collects environmental data such as or alongside lot identifiers, enhancing for perishable goods in sectors like and pharmaceuticals. Blockchain complements RFID and IoT by creating immutable digital ledgers for lot data, ensuring tamper-proof records shared across participants. This distributed approach verifies lot provenance at each handover, from to , minimizing and enabling verifiable audits. IoT devices, including smart sensors and gateways, feed live data into networks, supporting end-to-end tracking while maintaining through cryptographic hashing. Systems integration links lot numbers to (ERP), Warehouse Management Systems (WMS), and broader software, creating unified platforms for comprehensive visibility. ERP solutions embed lot data into modules, automating updates across , production, and processes to track material flows precisely. WMS integration synchronizes lot information with storage locations and shipment records, enabling real-time queries and reducing discrepancies between physical stock and digital records. This connectivity extends to software, fostering collaborative among suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers. Recall execution relies on database algorithms that query lot numbers to isolate affected batches swiftly. Upon identifying a defect, systems scan centralized using lot codes as primary keys, retrieving associated records on locations, quantities, and stakeholders within seconds. Notification protocols then automate alerts to distributors and customers via integrated communication tools, limiting scope to contaminated lots and preventing broader market disruptions. Such querying mechanisms, often powered by SQL-based relational , ensure compliance with recall guidelines by providing trails of actions taken. Emerging trends in include AI-driven , which forecast potential lot-related risks by analyzing historical data patterns and variables. These systems use models to anticipate disruptions, such as risks, enabling proactive interventions before issues escalate. As of 2025, AI adoption across organizations has reached 88% for at least one function, with predictive applications gaining traction for enhanced in .

Advantages and Limitations

Benefits

Lot numbers significantly enhance operational efficiencies in supply chains by enabling faster product recalls and improving management. In the event of a issue, lot tracking allows companies to isolate affected batches quickly, reducing the overall scope of recalls and thereby cutting . For instance, a study by the Food Marketing Institute and the Grocery Manufacturers Association indicates that a single recall can cost a around $10 million in direct expenses, but effective lot systems mitigate this by limiting the recall to specific lots rather than entire product lines. Additionally, implementation of lot tracking as part of automated systems has been shown to improve inventory accuracy by 25-35%, minimizing stock discrepancies and optimizing storage and distribution processes. From a safety perspective, lot numbers play a crucial role in minimizing health risks, particularly in pharmaceuticals and food sectors, by facilitating precise isolation of contaminated or defective products. This reduces the spread of outbreaks; companies using automated lot traceability systems report up to a 50% reduction in incidents compared to those without such mechanisms. Research from the further supports that traceability can shrink recall scopes by 50-95%, preventing broader exposure to hazards and protecting . Business advantages of lot numbers include bolstering supplier and fostering trust through transparent sourcing and rapid issue resolution. By linking products to specific suppliers and production runs, lot systems enable manufacturers to hold partners responsible for defects, streamlining in the . This transparency also builds consumer confidence, as verifiable tracking demonstrates commitment to quality and safety, enhancing brand reputation. Studies indicate that integration leads to 20-30% faster resolution of quality issues, allowing businesses to address problems proactively and maintain operational continuity.

Challenges

One significant barrier to effective lot number is the high associated with adopting digital tracking systems, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Initial investments in software, hardware, and integration can be prohibitive, with estimates often intimidating smaller manufacturers who lack the resources of larger operations. For instance, a mid-sized pharmaceutical firm reported spending $175,000 on an advanced lot tracking solution, highlighting the financial strain even for those with some scale. Legacy system incompatibilities further exacerbate these challenges, as older equipment and software are frequently not designed for seamless with modern tools. This often necessitates parallel record-keeping or costly solutions to bridge gaps, leading to inefficiencies and delayed adoption. In environments reliant on outdated , such hurdles can perpetuate manual processes and hinder overall visibility. The absence of universal lot number formats poses another critical issue, resulting in inconsistencies that propagate errors throughout global supply chains. Companies employ diverse coding methodologies tailored to local regulations or operations, such as alphanumeric identifiers under FDA guidelines and GS1-compliant formats in the , which complicate cross-border tracking and increase the risk of misidentification during recalls or quality checks. Without standardized formats across industries and regions, suffers, leading to mismatched data in multinational operations and potential compliance failures. These variations across sectors, like pharmaceuticals versus food production, amplify the inconsistency, making unified error resolution more difficult. Privacy and security risks in lot number-based traceable systems have intensified, with data breaches exposing sensitive batch and distribution information. In 2023, supply chain security incidents rose 26% year-over-year, underscoring vulnerabilities in interconnected tracking networks that store lot data. Similarly, in the food sector, incidents like those affecting distributors in 2023 demonstrated how breaches in tracking platforms can lead to tampered lot records and widespread contamination risks. Human factors remain a persistent hurdle, with inadequate contributing to errors in manual lot number assignment and labeling. Approximately 10% of human errors in stem from insufficient , often resulting in incorrect batch designations that undermine . In fast-paced environments, factors like and oversight exacerbate these issues, leading to mislabeling rates where over 10% of goods may be incorrectly tagged annually, according to industry surveys. Addressing these requires ongoing , yet resource constraints in smaller operations often leave staff ill-equipped for precise manual processes.

References

  1. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-210/section-210.3
  2. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-H/part-820/subpart-F/section-820.65
  3. https://www.fda.gov/food/food-safety-modernization-act-fsma/traceability-lot-code
  4. https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/21/111.3
  5. https://www.qualityze.com/blogs/iso-9001-clause-8-5-2-identification-traceability
  6. https://www.netsuite.com/portal/resource/articles/inventory-management/understanding-how-lot-and-serial-numbers-are-used-for-inventory-management.shtml
  7. https://www.finaleinventory.com/inventory-management/what-is-the-difference-between-lots-and-serial-numbers
  8. https://katanamrp.com/blog/what-is-a-lot-number/
  9. https://www.lightspeedhq.com/blog/what-is-a-lot-number/
  10. https://www.linnworks.com/blog/how-to-read-a-lot-number/
  11. https://flxpoint.com/blog/how-to-read-a-lot-number
  12. https://www.netsuite.com/portal/resource/articles/inventory-management/lot-tracking.shtml
  13. https://www.mecalux.com/blog/lot-number
  14. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/comprehensive-guide-electronic-component-lot-numbers-chipstock
  15. https://www.textileglossary.com/terms/dye-lot.html
  16. https://www.ic-foods.org/produce-data-lotcodes
  17. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/food-product-dating
  18. https://www.fda.gov/media/188100/download?attachment
  19. https://craftybase.com/blog/lot-numbers
  20. https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-labeling/shelf-life-and-expiration-dating-cosmetics
  21. https://www.reverselogix.com/industry-updates/the-business-case-for-asset-recovery-in-reverse-logistics/
  22. https://www.datacor.com/resources/lot-tracking-traceability-guide
  23. https://www.supplychainbrain.com/blogs/1-think-tank/post/42250-lot-tracking-a-vital-component-of-recall-and-inventory-management
  24. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-F/part-600/subpart-D
  25. https://www.fda.gov/food/outbreaks-foodborne-illness/fda-investigated-multistate-outbreak-e-coli-o157h7-infections-linked-romaine-lettuce-yuma-growing
  26. https://www.fda.gov/media/116304/download
  27. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-supply-chain-security-act-dscsa/waivers-and-exemptions-beyond-stabilization-period
  28. https://softengine.com/blog-the-cost-of-poor-traceability/
  29. https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/takata_report_internal_investigation.pdf
  30. https://semiengineering.com/the-need-for-traceability-in-auto-chips/
  31. https://codecorp.com/about/blog/be-on-the-mark-traceability-boosts-business-outcomes/
  32. https://www.rootstock.com/cloud-erp-blog/takata-airbag-recall-could-cloud-mrp-erp-and-lot-control-have-helped/
  33. https://incompliancemag.com/how-to-fulfill-as-9100-traceability-requirements-as-a-defense-subcontractor/
  34. https://www.intrexcorp.com/aerospace-manufacturing-traceability/
  35. https://www.conro.com/Blog/What-is-Batch-Traceability-and-Why-It-Matters-in-Aerospace-Manufacturing-3/
  36. https://qoblex.com/blog/lot-numbers-key-to-supply-chain-quality-control/
  37. https://www.bluelinkerp.com/blog/lot-traceability-in-the-apparel-and-textile-industry/
  38. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/6/1698
  39. https://nigelef.tripod.com/ammo.htm
  40. https://www.scribd.com/doc/90510736/Artillery-Shell-Markings
  41. https://documents.gs1us.org/adobe/assets/deliver/urn:aaid:aem:12491c2b-d317-4445-b1c8-702770ef5a8d/Applying-GS1-Standards-for-Supply-Chain-Visibility-in-Blockchain-Applications-R11.pdf
  42. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-supply-chain-integrity/drug-supply-chain-security-act-dscsa
  43. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2002/178/oj/eng
  44. https://english.nmpa.gov.cn/2019-07/25/c_390613.htm
  45. https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.%2C_c._870/section-C.02.025.html
  46. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/333
  47. https://www.eca.europa.eu/ECAPublications/SR-2024-23/SR-2024-23_EN.pdf
  48. https://english.nmpa.gov.cn/2019-07/25/c_390614.htm
  49. https://globalforum.diaglobal.org/issue/november-2019/amended-drug-administration-law-of-china/
  50. https://help.fusionoperations.autodesk.com/en/articles/5857426-how-can-lot-numbers-be-generated-during-production
  51. https://help.sap.com/docs/sap-digital-manufacturing/execution/creating-batch-numbers
  52. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/q7a-good-manufacturing-practice-guidance-active-pharmaceutical-ingredients
  53. https://docs.oracle.com/en/cloud/saas/supply-chain-and-manufacturing/25c/famml/serial-number-generation-and-assignment.html
  54. https://erpsoftwareblog.com/2025/08/whats-in-a-lot-number-and-why-it-matters/
  55. https://www.rfidjournal.com/expert-views/critical-role-of-rfid-in-americas-supply-chain/221698/
  56. https://tecnoscientifica.com/journal/gisa/article/view/355
  57. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10836689/
  58. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772503025000192
  59. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329098346_ERP_SYSTEMS_AND_WAREHOUSE_MANAGEMENT_BY_WMS
  60. https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/postmarket-requirements-devices/recalls-corrections-and-removals-devices
  61. https://journalwjarr.com/sites/default/files/fulltext_pdf/WJARR-2025-3113.pdf
  62. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/the-state-of-ai
  63. https://katanamrp.com/blog/lot-tracking-in-manufacturing/
  64. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385884677_Automated_Inventory_Management_Systems_with_IoT_Integration_to_Optimize_Stock_Levels_and_Reduce_Carrying_Costs_for_SMEs_A_Comprehensive_Review
  65. https://ourrecords.com/food-traceability-software-benefits/
  66. https://foodtech.folio3.com/blog/benefits-of-traceability-in-food-industry/
  67. https://www.epicor.com/en-us/blog/supply-chain-management/why-supply-chain-traceability-matters/
  68. https://www.mrpeasy.com/blog/traceability/
  69. https://www.zelthy.com/blog/the-implementation-guide-to-complete-traceability
  70. https://www.mrpeasy.com/blog/manufacturing-traceability/
  71. https://www.logimaxwms.com/blog/lot-meaning-in-products/
  72. https://www.supplychainbrain.com/articles/38672-supply-chain-breaches-increased-from-2022-to-2023
  73. https://www.txone.com/blog/how-cyberattacks-disrupt-food-supply-chain/
  74. https://pluto-men.com/human-error-persistent-challenge-manufacturing-operations/
  75. https://www.loftware.com/resources/blog/2021/the-numbers-on-mislabeling-how-does-your-company-compare
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.