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Lotus Pond, Kaohsiung
View on WikipediaLotus Pond (Chinese: 蓮池潭; pinyin: Liánchí Tán; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Liân-tî-thâm) is an artificial lake and popular tourist destination on the east side of Zuoying District in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Opened in 1951, it is famous for the lotus plants on the lake and the numerous temples around the lake, including the Spring and Autumn Pavilions, the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas and the Confucian Temple (孔廟).
Key Information
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Lotus Pond was the site for several water sporting events for World Games 2009, including canoe polo, water ski, and dragon boat.
Temples
[edit]Kaohsiung Confucius Temple
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The old Confucius Temple was originally built in 1684. The temple has a circumference of to 122 meters. However, during the Japanese colonial period due to lack of maintenance, the only part of the original structure was the Chong Sheng Shrine, which is presently which located in the west side of Old City Elementary School nearby Lotus Pond. The new Confucius Temple was located in northwest corner of Lotus Pond; then, it was relocated and rebuilt in 1977, located in North Shore of Lotus Pond. Its pattern had followed Song Dynasty Confucian temple and Shandong Qufu Confucius Temple layouts as model; its Dacheng hall had followed the layouts of the Supreme Harmony Hall of the Imperial Palace. It had Xia and Shang and Zhou's color and culture with yellow tiles covering the roof, black foundations stand on the floor, red pillars, windows and doors, and white stone railings. And it is the largest measure in Taiwan. Its Confucius Ceremony still follows the traditional of Ba Yi Dance (eight dancers in eight rows).
Spring and Autumn Pavilions
[edit]This temple complex was established in 1953. It is named after the two Chinese palace-style pavilions built there, the Spring and Autumn Pavilions. Each of these is four-storey and octagonal, with green tiles and yellow walls, and like an antique pagoda reflected in the water. They communicate with each other by 9 bend bridge and are also called "Spring and autumn Royal Pavilion", set up by commemorated "The Martial Saint, Lord Kua". There is a Guanyin statue which is riding a dragon in the front end of the Spring and Autumn Pavilions. According to local legend, the Goddess of Mercy riding a dragon appeared in the clouds and instruct followers to build an effigy in the form of its coming out between the two pavilions so this statue was built.
Dragon and Tiger Pagodas
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The Dragon and Tiger Pagodas towers have a height of seven stories, and are constructed to stand on the lake. The fronts of the buildings have dragon and tiger statues, respectively. Visitors enter the towers through the statues' bodies. Entering the dragon's mouth and exiting via the tiger's mouth is believed to be auspicious. The towers are connected to the shore with a 9-angle bridge (九曲橋). Inside the tiger and dragon figures are work art telling stories of the good and bad and some historical expressions of Chinese tradition. In the Dragon tower, illustrations of filial piety are painted; while the Tiger tower has illustrations of the twelve Magi and the Jade Emperor's thirty palaces.
Pei Chi Pavilion
[edit]Pei Chi Pavilion (Chinese: 北極亭; pinyin: Běijí Tíng) honors the Daoist deity Xuan Wu under the honorific "God-Emperor of the North Pole"; it belongs to Zuoying Yuan Di Temple and Feng Gu Palace. It claims to have the highest water statues in Southeast Asia. According to legend, Xuan Wu spoke through mediums to order the building of this pavilion.
The pavilion itself is 72 meters tall and made from grout and the Seven-Star sword in the god's hand is length of 38.5 meters. Its peaks has gullies and fountains to serve as background, and it used arch bridge connected statues. The place of worshiping and office of temple is under the statue.
Chi Ming Palace
[edit]Also called Southeast of Dili Que hall, Chi Ming Palace is the most spectacular temple by Lotus Pond. Located in the west and facing the east, the temple was rebuilt in 1973 as a three-story, palace-style grand architecture. It is mainly for the worship of the two sages, Confucius and Lord Guan. While Taiwanese people were worried about being influenced by the Japanese customs, such as its culture, folklore, and religion, Those who founded Chi Ming Hall, including Xie Zhi Weng and Chen Wang Weng, constructed Ming De Hall under God's will by tossing divination blocks. Those great founders have dedicated themselves to Chi Ming palace ever since in the hope of maintaining the traditional virtues and saving the society from corruption.
Tianfu Palace
[edit]Located at No.158, Liantan Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan, Tianfu Palace (Chinese: 天府宮; pinyin: Tiānfǔ gōng) was established at 1660. The Central Camp Marshal was worshiped in Fujian Province, Quanzhou prefecture which crowed into followers everywhere and endless stream of pilgrims. It can solve all problems by followers. Tianfu Palace is not only a head of temple of worshipping The Central Camp Marshal, but also a champion of all temples in Zuoying which the number of pilgrims came to pilgrimage. The palace provides services of comfortable accommodation and receives deeply praise from pilgrims.
God Temple (Saint-doors Inside the celestial palace) (Chinese: 天公廟(聖門靈霄寶殿); pinyin: Tiāngōng miào (shèng mén líng xiāo bǎo diàn))
[edit]Located at No.1, Ln. 549, Zuoying Avenue, Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan. It worships Father of God, Mother NuWa of Goddess and Jade God of the folk beliefs, called God. 1957, it built the front and rear temples and called Inside the celestial palace. It designed a huge painting of masterpiece of “Neigh Dragon heavenward”, and it's also a spiritual that symbolize by known as "the first word of Tain". And its gradation has the ancient traditional technology art of “Elegant handwriting” which is a foundation work for commemorating ancestors.
Sianshu Three Mountain Palace
[edit]Located at No.240, Zuoying Sia Rd., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan, Sianshu Three Mountain Palace (Chinese: 仙樹三山宮; pinyin: Xiānshù Sān Shāngōng) was situated in opposite with new Confucian Temple of Lotus Pond and situated in Hello Market of Zuoying. It worships three Mountain Spirits for Jin Mountain, Ming Mountain and Du Mountain of Chaozhou prefecture and they are a natural mountain godhead and portrait. Xian Shu Father God is a mountain Portrait statue. There are a wearing-scholarly guardian father who managed documents and a wearing-helmets and armor house father whose feats is excellent. Xian Ju Father God had originated from the belief of Chaozhou prefecture, later; it had extended to Hakka village, and possesses features of Hakka hometown.
Jhenfu Temple
[edit]Located at 3F., No.81, Ln. 6, Zuoying Avenue, Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung City 813, Taiwan, Jhenfu Temple (Chinese: 鎮福廟; pinyin: Zhènfú Miào) was established at 1661, called Zhen Fu union originally, and followers called it “Pei Chai To Land God Temple”. It worships Earth God and patron saint of Pei Chai To and the North Gate. Zhen Fu Temple is the Monument Class I abreast with Gongchen well of North Gate and The Old City. The Earth God blesses every household for peace and Good harvest. Local ancestors extended to celebrate birth of the Earth God on 15 August in lunar calendar.
Cheng Huang Temple (Chinese: 城隍廟; pinyin: Chénghuángmiào)
[edit]The Old City Cheng Huang Temple was built in 1704. It worships Cheng Huang. When the Fengshan country ruled in this time, Residents constructed straw hut out of North Gate to worship the Cheng Huang which was the first model of the Old City Cheng Huang Temple. The Cheng Huang Temple was originally a gateway of The Old City area and the trade. At that time, Pi Chai Tau Street was crowded and bustling. Believers shuttled in front of the temple. It became an important gateway of trade. It experienced Lin Shuangwen rebellion, the county was moved to Fengshan, destroyed by Japanese, the government retreated to Taiwan, damages by refugees, and many time of rehabilitations and rebuilds. The history of Cheng Huang Temple is the miniature of southern Taiwan experienced ups and downs for 200 years. In temple, every board and joss seems to talk quietly about the footsteps of ancestors. The Old City Cheng Huang Temple will tour Zuoying inside and outside for thirteen spots about every birthday of Lunar Calendar on 20 May. It still is one of the important activities in the Zuoying Temple fair.
Qing Shui Temple
[edit]The Qing Shui Temple worships the Master Qing Shui who was a national hero in Sung Dynasty who fought against the Yuan army. His jobs included the holding of management of awards for good deeds and punishment for evil deeds. He saved the souls of thousands of people. The temple is located at East to West, the front side is Lotus Pond, right is Ban-Ping hill, and left side leaning Guishan. Set of Eastern and Western architectural features of the merger; its construction is majestic and manner is solemn.
Cide Palace
[edit]Cide Palace worships Mazu and Commonly be known as Matsu Temple. During the Japanese Occupation Period, Japanese had even set up agriculture office for the temple; afterwards, was changed to The Regiment branch. Cide Palace was rebuilt at 1973, and finished at 1976. The Japanese government ordered to abolish the position of Cide Palace; however, it was rebuilt after Taiwan Restoration. While every birthday of gods, the temple will invite Taiwanese opera group to perform. And it is very special about building a stage in front of temple.
Cih Ji Palace
[edit]The Cih Ji Palace worships Baosheng Dadi. Every Chungyuan Festival, every household hangs radish on door for memorial service. Putting sacrifice on table before the god such as radish, animal sacrifice, Glutinous rice lump and fruits to offer sacrifices to gods or ancestors. This ceremony of sacrificing radish still was rumored in civil. Cih Ji Palace was originally built in 1719 at Feng Shan, moved to Zuoying and renovated in 1960,worshiping Baosheng Dadi, Black Tiger Marshal and other gods; they became patron saint of local residents and endless stream of pilgrims. In 1974, Baosheng Dadi ordered to build Dragon and Tiger Pagodas. Zuoying Dragon and Tiger Pagodas has become the one of famous landmarks after it finished construction.
Kaohsiung Produce Pavilion
[edit]Located on Cuihua Road, the Pavilion markets high-quality agricultural products from Kaohsiung. The Pavilion sells agricultural products and also has a deli area offering meals that feature local ingredients. There are also DIY classroom teaching handcrafts and cooking classroom using local ingredients.
Gallery
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Dragon and Tiger Pagodas -
Wuli Pavilion -
Statue of Taoist God -
Lotus Pond at night
References
[edit]External links
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Geographic data related to Lotus Pond, Kaohsiung at OpenStreetMap
Lotus Pond, Kaohsiung
View on GrokipediaOverview
Location and Geography
Lotus Pond is situated in the Zuoying District of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, at coordinates 22°41′06″N 120°17′51″E.[3] This placement positions it on the eastern side of the district, within the urban fabric of southern Taiwan's second-largest city.[4] As an artificial reservoir, Lotus Pond covers approximately 0.42 square kilometers (42 hectares) and is encircled by a mix of urban developments and suburban landscapes.[5] The site's topography features gentle slopes with an elevation gain of about 34 meters (111 feet) along its perimeter pathways, facilitating easy pedestrian access around the water's edge.[6] These pathways form a loop roughly 3 kilometers (2 miles) in length, seamlessly integrating with the nearby Ecological District MRT station (R15) on Kaohsiung's Red Line for convenient urban connectivity, about a 20-minute walk away.[7] Kaohsiung's humid subtropical climate, characterized by average relative humidity levels around 76% year-round, ensures the pond remains accessible throughout the seasons, though its lotus blooms peak during the summer months from June to August.[8][9] This environmental setting enhances its role as a prominent scenic spot in local tourism.[4]Cultural and Historical Significance
Lotus Pond, known locally as Lianchitan, holds profound cultural and historical significance as one of the "Eight Sights of Fongshan" designated during the Qing Dynasty, celebrated for its harmonious blend of natural landscapes and architectural elements that evoke poetic ideals of serenity and beauty.[4] This designation underscores the site's enduring role as a symbol of traditional Chinese aesthetics, where the pond's reflective waters and surrounding pavilions were admired for capturing the essence of seasonal changes and human ingenuity in harmony with nature.[4] The area exemplifies a fusion of Confucian, Taoist, Buddhist, and folk religious traditions, mirroring the multicultural fabric of Taiwanese identity through its diverse temples and shrines. Confucian influences are evident in structures honoring scholars and moral teachings, while Taoist elements emphasize harmony with the cosmos and folk beliefs incorporate local deities and protective rituals, all coexisting alongside Buddhist icons of enlightenment.[10][11] Early temple establishments, such as Ciming Hall, trace back to the 17th century during the Kangxi era of the Qing Dynasty, laying the foundation for this syncretic religious landscape.[10] As a cornerstone of Taiwanese heritage tourism, Lotus Pond draws significant crowds, bolstering Kaohsiung's economy through cultural preservation and visitor experiences that highlight traditional architecture and spiritual practices.[4] Its integration into urban heritage planning has enhanced the site's accessibility and appeal, contributing to the broader economic vitality of religious and scenic tourism in southern Taiwan.[12] Central to the site's symbolism is the lotus flower, which blooms abundantly in the pond and represents purity and spiritual rebirth in both Buddhist and Taoist contexts, rising unsullied from the mud to signify enlightenment and moral integrity.[13] This motif reinforces the pond's role as a place of reflection and renewal, deeply embedded in the cultural narratives of the surrounding religious sites.[4]History
Pre-20th Century Origins
The area surrounding what would become Lotus Pond in modern Zuoying District, Kaohsiung, began to see significant human activity in the early 17th century, as Han Chinese immigrants, primarily Hoklo people from Fujian Province in mainland China, established settlements amid the marshy lowlands.[14] These migrants arrived during the turbulent Ming-Qing transition, seeking new opportunities in Taiwan following the fall of the Ming Dynasty in 1644, and contributed to the gradual transformation of the region from indigenous territories into agricultural communities focused on rice cultivation and fishing.[15] The establishment of the Kingdom of Tungning by Zheng Chenggong in 1661 further encouraged migration from Fujian, laying the groundwork for enduring cultural and religious practices in the area.[16] Religious institutions emerged as central to these early communities, with temples serving as hubs for worship, social organization, and mutual aid in the flood-prone landscape. Tianfu Palace, dedicated to the deity of wealth and prosperity, was founded in 1660 by Fujianese settlers, reflecting the immigrants' hopes for economic stability in their new home.[17] Similarly, Jhenfu Temple was established during the Tungning era, providing a focal point for local rituals and community gatherings shortly after the arrival of Zheng's forces. During the subsequent Qing Dynasty (1683–1895), the region gained formal recognition as part of Fongshan County, with additional temples like Cheng Huang Temple (built in 1718 to honor the city god for protection) and Cih Ji Palace (dedicated to Baosheng Dadi, the god of medicine) reinforcing communal bonds.[18] These structures not only facilitated Taoist and folk religious practices but also acted as centers for education, dispute resolution, and cooperative efforts against seasonal flooding in the wetland environment.[19] By the Qing era, the Lotus Pond vicinity had earned acclaim as one of the "Eight Sights of Fongshan," celebrated for its natural beauty and serene waters amid the surrounding hills, drawing poets and travelers who praised its tranquil lotus blooms and misty vistas.[4] Temples played a vital role in sustaining local economies through festivals that boosted trade and agriculture, while their elevated designs and communal labor helped mitigate flood risks in the pre-engineered marshlands.[20] Under Japanese colonial rule (1895–1945), the area retained its agricultural character, with rice paddies and fisheries dominating the landscape around the natural pond, while temple traditions were largely preserved despite minor relocations of some structures to accommodate new roads and infrastructure.[21] This period saw limited interference in religious life, allowing communities to maintain worship and social functions at sites like Tianfu and Cheng Huang Temples, even as broader modernization efforts focused on irrigation and export crops.[22]Modern Construction and Development
The artificial reservoir at Lotus Pond was created in 1951 under the Republic of China government's post-World War II urban development efforts, serving dual purposes of water storage for irrigation and a recreational scenic area amid Kaohsiung's recovery.[23][24] This man-made lake, spanning approximately 42 hectares, was designed to integrate natural beauty with cultural elements, including the planting of lotus flowers that now define its name and seasonal allure.[23] Concurrently, the Spring and Autumn Pavilions—dedicated to Kuan Kung, the God of War—were completed along the waterfront, establishing the site as an early hub for religious and leisure activities.[1] Building on the Qing Dynasty legacy of temples around the pond, significant reconstructions occurred in the 1970s to restore and expand key structures damaged or neglected during wartime. The Kaohsiung Confucius Temple, first built in 1684 but severely impacted by World War II bombings, underwent major reconstruction from 1976 to 1977, adopting Song Dynasty architectural styles and becoming Taiwan's largest such facility.[25][26] Similarly, Chi Ming Palace was rebuilt between 1973 and 1976, preserving its role as a worship site for Confucian and folk deities while enhancing its visual prominence along the shoreline. Cide Temple, originally established in the early 19th century, also saw expansions during this period to align with the site's cultural landscape. These efforts transformed the pond into a cohesive cultural landscape, blending historical reverence with modern durability. To prepare for the 2009 World Games hosted in Kaohsiung, Lotus Pond received upgrades to its aquatic infrastructure, including dedicated facilities for canoe polo, water skiing, and dragon boat racing, which accommodated international competitors and elevated the site's sporting profile.[27][28] These enhancements not only supported the event's success but also provided lasting recreational amenities for visitors. Post-2010 developments further improved accessibility and visitor experience, with the Kaohsiung MRT system's launch in 2008 enabling direct connections via Zuoying Station, just a short walk from the pond and reducing reliance on buses or taxis.[29] In 2021, a comprehensive revitalization project introduced refined pathways, integrated local artistic elements, and enhanced lighting to promote safer nighttime exploration and sustainable tourism.[30] More recently, the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas underwent extensive renovation and officially reopened in April 2025, restoring the iconic structures for public access and improving their preservation.[31] These updates have solidified Lotus Pond's role as a vibrant, easily reachable urban oasis.Landscape and Ecology
The Reservoir and Water Features
Lotus Pond is an artificial lake in Zuoying District, Kaohsiung, constructed in 1951 as part of a municipal development project to create a scenic and functional water body. The reservoir was formed by expanding an existing natural pond through damming local streams and integrating historical canal systems, such as the Caogong New Canals established during the Qing Dynasty in 1842, which channel water from upstream watergates. Water primarily originates from the Gaoping River via a 15-kilometer canal network, including the Three-spillway Watergate at an elevation of 19 meters, supplemented by a natural spring at the pond's center that ensures perennial flow. This engineering approach supports both aesthetic appeal and practical uses, with the average depth maintained at approximately 3 meters following major dredging efforts.[32][33] The pond plays a key role in local water management, overseen by the Kaohsiung City Government's Water Resources Bureau, which conducts periodic maintenance to preserve water quality and capacity. It aids flood control by storing excess runoff, particularly after the 2008 dredging project that removed 320,000 cubic meters of silt to deepen the basin and mitigate urban flooding risks. Additionally, the calm, reflective surface of the reservoir enhances panoramic views of surrounding architectural landmarks, contributing to its status as a visual centerpiece in the scenic area. Irrigation functions are fulfilled through connected canals that distribute water to nearby farmlands, supporting agricultural productivity in the region.[34][27][35] Surrounding infrastructure includes stone-lined embankments along the shores for stability and pedestrian access, along with several bridges that connect to small islands and peninsulas within the lake. Notable examples are the arched bridges leading to the Spring and Autumn Pavilions, constructed in 1953, and the Nine Turns Zigzag Bridge approaching the Dragon and Tiger Towers, facilitating visitor circulation. Viewing platforms, integrated into these pavilions and the Wuli Pavilion built in 1978, were developed during the 1950s and 1970s to elevate vantage points over the water, promoting tourism while preserving the site's hydrological integrity.[36][24][37] Water levels in the reservoir fluctuate seasonally, rising during the rainy period from May to October due to increased inflow from rivers and canals, which bolsters storage for flood mitigation but also leads to silt accumulation. This necessitates dredging operations every several years to restore depth and clarity, as seen in the extensive 2007-2008 initiative that prepared the site for international events. The elevated summer levels briefly support the growth of lotus blooms, a hallmark of the pond's natural beauty.[38][39]Flora, Fauna, and Seasonal Changes
Lotus Pond supports a diverse aquatic ecosystem centered on its namesake flora, primarily Nelumbo nucifera, the sacred lotus, which proliferates across the 42-hectare water surface during the warmer months.[5] Accompanying plants include various water lilies (Nymphaea spp.) and emergent reeds that stabilize the pond's edges and provide habitat structure.[40] These species contribute to the pond's role as an urban wetland, filtering nutrients and supporting biodiversity amid surrounding development.[41] The fauna reflects typical urban pond communities, with notable avian diversity including great egrets (Ardea alba), little egrets (Egretta garzetta), black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax), and gray herons (Ardea cinerea), which frequent the shallows for foraging.[42] Ducks and occasional swans add to the waterfowl population, while turtles are commonly sighted basking on logs or edges.[43] In the water, fish communities comprise 17 species, with eight native and nine exotic, including tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) that supports local angling activities.[41] Dragonflies and other insects thrive around the vegetation, serving as prey for birds.[44] Seasonal changes dramatically alter the pond's appearance and ecology. In summer, from June to August, lotus blooms peak around July, transforming the water into expansive pink expanses that enhance views of nearby temples.[45] Winter brings a quieter landscape with bare branches and reduced floral cover, allowing greater visibility of submerged habitats and shifting bird activity toward migratory species.[24] These cycles influence water clarity and oxygen levels, with summer blooms aiding natural filtration but also risking algal overgrowth if unmanaged.[46] Conservation efforts by Kaohsiung City focus on maintaining ecological health against urban pressures, including a 2008 dredging project that removed sediment to improve water quality and relocated fish to adjacent wetlands during the process.[46] Ongoing initiatives, such as corporate-led cleanups and restrictions limiting boats to non-motorized paddle and electric options, protect native species and habitats from disturbance and pollution.[47][48] These measures have helped sustain the pond's biodiversity potential, particularly for near-threatened native fish, by controlling exotic species dominance and nutrient inputs.[41]Major Attractions
Iconic Pavilions and Pagodas
The iconic pavilions and pagodas of Lotus Pond in Kaohsiung represent a striking fusion of traditional Chinese architectural elements and symbolic motifs, serving as focal points for visitors seeking panoramic views and cultural immersion. These structures, often elevated over or adjacent to the water, emphasize themes of loyalty, protection, and spiritual balance through their designs and dedications.[1][4] The Spring and Autumn Pavilions, constructed in 1951, stand as twin octagonal towers, each four stories high, connected by a nine-bend bridge that extends into the pond. Dedicated to Guan Yu, the God of War revered for embodying loyalty and righteousness, these pavilions feature vibrant green-tiled roofs and yellow walls reminiscent of imperial Chinese aesthetics, with a prominent statue of Guanyin riding a dragon positioned in front. Visitors can ascend the towers for elevated perspectives of the surrounding landscape, including a nearby view of the Confucius Temple.[49][50][1] Further south along the pond, the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas, built in 1976, comprise two seven-story towers linked by a bridge, symbolizing the yin-yang duality with the dragon representing strength and good fortune, and the tiger signifying courage and protection. The pagodas underwent renovation and reopened in August 2025. Entrance is through the dragon's throat and exit via the tiger's mouth, a design intended to transform misfortune into prosperity; the interiors are adorned with colorful murals and koji pottery illustrations depicting scenes of heaven and hell, as well as the 24 filial piety stories from Chinese tradition, encouraging moral reflection. These pagodas are climbable, offering sweeping vistas of the pond and its temples from the top levels.[4][1][49][51] The Pei Chi Pavilion, erected in the 1980s, rises 72 meters tall as a Taoist shrine honoring Xuanwu, the deity of the North Pole associated with water and winter. Its architecture incorporates black-and-white color schemes evoking yin-yang harmony, topped by a grout-constructed structure holding a 38.5-meter Seven-Star sword in the deity's grasp, with intricate carvings and a spiral staircase allowing ascent for closer inspection of the symbolic elements.[52][53][54] Collectively, these pavilions and pagodas blend Ming-Qing dynasty influences—such as octagonal forms, upturned eaves, and dragon motifs for warding off evil—with modern reinforcements for durability, creating visually dominant landmarks that highlight protective symbolism amid the pond's serene setting.[50][36][49]Prominent Temples
The Kaohsiung Confucius Temple, originally established in 1684 during the Qing Dynasty by County Magistrate Yang Fang-Sheng, stands as the largest Confucian temple in Taiwan.[55] Reconstructed in 1976 in the style of Song Dynasty architecture and modeled after the Qufu Temple in Shandong Province, it features solemn halls with bronze reliefs depicting Confucius's life and a "Wan Ren Gong Qiang" wall symbolizing his enduring virtue in learning and ethics.[25][56] The temple serves as a site for ancestral rites, educational exhibits on Confucian principles, and public lectures, emphasizing moral education and cultural heritage.[57] The Cheng Huang Temple, dedicated to the City God as a guardian deity of urban prosperity and justice, was constructed in 1718 through a donation from Magistrate Lee Pi-Yu during the Qing Dynasty.[18] This historic structure, located within the remnants of Zuoying's old city walls, has endured through the Japanese colonial period and remains a focal point for community veneration of local protection and moral order.[18] It hosts annual processions honoring the City God, blending folk rituals with historical reverence for civic harmony.[18] Tianfu Palace, founded around 1660 at the end of the Ming Dynasty, is a key site for Mazu worship, the sea goddess revered by seafarers for protection during voyages and storms.[58] The granite-built complex reflects early immigrant seafaring history in southern Taiwan, with its enduring structure supporting annual birthday celebrations that draw devotees seeking maritime blessings.[58] Mazu's role here underscores themes of safe passage and communal resilience among coastal communities.[58] Cih Ji Palace, initially built in 1719 in Fengshan and relocated to its current site near Lotus Pond with renovations completed in 1960, functions as a folk religion center worshiping Baosheng Dadi and other local deities associated with health and prosperity.[59] Known for its intricate stone lions guarding the entrance, the palace facilitates community gatherings and rituals focused on healing and familial well-being.[59] These temples, each centered on distinct deities—from Confucius for ethical guidance to Mazu for seafarer protection—feature shared architectural elements like flying eaves and ornate incense burners, enhancing their spiritual ambiance amid the lotus-fringed pond views.[25][1]Other Sites and Facilities
Kaohsiung Produce Pavilion
The Kaohsiung Produce Pavilion, officially known as the Kaohsiung Produce Marketing Center Lian Tan Flagship Store, was situated at No. 1435, Cuihua Road in Zuoying District, adjacent to Lotus Pond.[60] Established in 2012 by the Kaohsiung City Government Agriculture Bureau, it functioned as a dedicated marketplace showcasing high-quality agricultural and fishery products from the greater Kaohsiung region, including tropical fruits such as mangoes and wax apples, local teas, and fresh seafood.[61][62] The two-story palace-style building integrated sales areas with educational exhibits on regional farming, drawing both locals and tourists to its convenient location near the pond's scenic attractions.[60] Key features included indoor stalls displaying seasonal produce and processed goods, alongside a light food court that offered locally inspired snacks, such as those incorporating lotus elements like seed paste desserts, reflecting the pond's namesake flora.[60] The pavilion operated daily from 9:30 AM to 9:30 PM until its closure as a physical store on March 31, 2024.[63] In 2015, enhancements included the addition of the High Tong Tong Paradise, a family-friendly outdoor area themed around vegetable mascots to promote agricultural education, alongside general facility upgrades to improve visitor flow and hygiene standards; this area is no longer accessible following the closure.[64] Economically, the pavilion played a vital role in supporting Kaohsiung's farmers by facilitating direct sales of regional specialties, such as summer mangoes from local orchards, which account for a significant portion of the area's agricultural output.[62] Its proximity to Lotus Pond enhanced tourism integration, allowing visitors to combine cultural exploration with shopping for authentic souvenirs and fresh goods, thereby boosting local revenue—as of 2018, the center had generated approximately NT$137 million in sales since inception, with operations continuing online post-closure.[65] Recent initiatives emphasize sustainability, including eco-friendly packaging for products to reduce environmental impact and align with broader agricultural promotion efforts, now extended to the online platform.[62] Following the 2024 closure due to a shift toward digital multi-channel marketing, the site has transitioned to online sales, while the building remains vacant and is under recruitment for new tourism-oriented operations planned for the second half of 2026.[66][67] Unlike the nearby religious sites focused on spiritual heritage, this pavilion emphasized commercial vitality and everyday local commerce during its physical operation.[60]Recreational and Sports Areas
The recreational facilities at Lotus Pond emphasize active leisure, including water-based activities and land paths that encourage physical engagement amid the scenic surroundings. Developed following the pond's establishment in 1951, these amenities cater to both visitors and locals seeking exercise and relaxation.[68] Central to the water sports offerings is the Liantan Water Skiing Theme Park, also known as Lotus Wake Park, which provides facilities for cable wakeboarding, water skiing, stand-up paddleboarding (SUP), and aqua slides.[69][70] Opened in 2019 as an extension of the area's post-2009 enhancements, the park supports non-motorized activities like paddle boating through nearby rental docks, alongside swimming access in designated zones.[44][48] Encircling the pond is a approximately 3-kilometer loop trail suitable for walking and cycling, featuring shaded paths with benches for rest and interpretive signage highlighting local landmarks.[71][72] The trail, illuminated for safe evening use, draws locals for jogging and group exercises such as yoga and tai chi sessions, particularly in open areas near the pavilions.[6][73] The site's sports infrastructure, bolstered by preparations for the 2009 World Games, includes dragon boat training docks that support ongoing paddling practices and local water regattas.[74] Complementing these are designated fishing spots along the shores, where visitors engage in catch-and-release angling, and picnic areas equipped with tables for family gatherings.[43][75] These elements collectively promote family-friendly recreation while preserving the pond's tranquil environment.[43]Events and Culture
Religious Festivals and Traditions
Lotus Pond serves as a vibrant center for religious observances tied to its array of temples, where Taoist, Buddhist, and Confucian traditions intersect in syncretic practices that blend ancient rituals with local folk elements.[76] Daily incense offerings occur at temples like the Kaohsiung Confucius Temple, Tianfu Palace, and Cheng Huang Temple, fostering ongoing devotion among visitors and locals who seek blessings for prosperity and protection.[77] Vegetarian feasts are prepared during temple anniversaries and major observances, emphasizing purity and communal sharing as integral to these spiritual gatherings.[76] The Kaohsiung Confucius Temple hosts an annual birthday ceremony for Confucius on September 28, coinciding with Teachers' Day in Taiwan, featuring solemn rituals to honor the sage.[77] These events often include lion dances and educational seminars on Confucian principles, drawing scholars and educators to reflect on moral and cultural heritage.[78] At Tianfu Palace, dedicated to Mazu the sea goddess, celebrations peak during her birthday in March or April (23rd day of the third lunar month), with devotees performing rituals, processions, and prayers for safe voyages and community well-being.[79] Similarly, the Cheng Huang Temple marks the City God's birthday around the 20th day of the fifth lunar month (typically in May) with parades carrying the deity's image in sedan chairs, accompanied by fireworks and folk performances to invoke protection over the locality. These festivals, including the prominent Wannian Folklore Festival in October, draw over 200,000 participants annually, preserving oral histories through storytelling and supporting artisan crafts such as lantern-making and fire lion constructions that symbolize good fortune. The 2025 edition, held October 1–12, featured traditional parades and cultural activities at sites like the Kaohsiung Confucius Temple.[76][80]Sporting and Community Events
Lotus Pond has served as a venue for major international sporting events, notably hosting competitions in canoe polo, water skiing, and dragon boat racing during the 2009 World Games in Kaohsiung.[81] These events utilized the pond's aquatic facilities, which were upgraded in preparation and have since supported ongoing local water sports activities open to the public.[27] The legacy of the World Games continues through annual local tournaments in these disciplines, fostering community engagement in competitive water sports.[28] Community events at Lotus Pond emphasize secular gatherings and public activities, including cultural fairs and street performances during the annual Zuoying Wannian Folklore Festival held each October. This festival features folk art displays, competitions, and live performances by local artists, drawing crowds for its blend of tradition and entertainment.[82] Nearby Ruifong Night Market expands during holidays, offering street food stalls and informal performances that enhance the site's role as a social hub.[83] Dragon boat races, tied to the secular aspects of the Duanwu Festival around mid-June, utilize the pond's waters for local competitions, promoting teamwork and public participation.[84] In recent years, additions include eco-tours such as cycling events focused on the pond's natural surroundings, encouraging low-carbon visitor interaction with the environment. Events like these are open to the public and attract thousands of attendees, including at major gatherings like the 2024 Christmas cycling tour.[85]Visitor Information
Access and Transportation
Lotus Pond in Kaohsiung is conveniently accessible via public transportation, with the Kaohsiung MRT Red Line providing the most direct route. Travelers can alight at Zuoying Station (R16), approximately 1 km from the site, or Ecological District Station (R17), about a 13-minute walk away, allowing easy access on foot along paved paths.[86] From Kaohsiung Main Station, multiple bus routes offer service, including routes 301, 35, and Red 35, which reach the Lotus Pond stop in 15-20 minutes for a fare of around NT$15-20.[87] For those arriving by high-speed rail, Zuoying HSR Station is just a 10-minute walk to the pond's edge, making it an ideal entry point for intercity travelers.[29] Driving visitors can utilize free and paid parking lots along Lian Tan Road near the northern shore, with ample spaces available during peak hours. The site is about 10 km from central Kaohsiung, navigable via Provincial Highway 17 northbound, typically taking 20-30 minutes by car depending on traffic.[24][88] Alternative options include taxi rides from downtown areas, costing NT$250-300 for the short trip, or cycling via the city's YouBike sharing system, with stations nearby for rentals at low cost.[89][87] The area supports accessibility with wheelchair-friendly paths and ramps around the main walkways and near key temples, though some interior temple stairs may require assistance.[90]Practical Tips and Best Practices
The Lotus Pond scenic area remains accessible around the clock, allowing visitors to explore its pathways and waterfront at any time, while individual temples and pavilions typically operate from early morning to evening. For instance, the Dragon and Tiger Pagodas, following extensive renovations, reopened in April 2025 and are now fully accessible, open daily from 6:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., and the Confucius Temple generally from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., with some sites closing on Mondays for maintenance.[4][88][91] Entry to the pond and most temples is free, though donations are encouraged to support preservation efforts.[4] To optimize the visit, early mornings offer a serene atmosphere with fewer crowds and cooler temperatures, ideal for photography and leisurely walks, while summer evenings provide stunning views of illuminated pagodas reflecting on the water.[43] Visitors should avoid midday hours during the warmer months, when temperatures often exceed 30°C (86°F), leading to high humidity and intense sun exposure.[92] Comfortable walking shoes are recommended, as exploring the site's key attractions typically takes 1 to 2 hours on foot.[44] When visiting temples, observe standard Taiwanese etiquette by stepping over the raised threshold at entrances rather than on it, entering with the left foot first, and removing hats as a sign of respect.[93][94] Flash photography is prohibited inside sacred spaces to avoid disturbing worshippers, though general photos are permitted unless signage indicates otherwise; modest clothing is appreciated, but no strict dress code is enforced.[95] Amenities include public restrooms, a visitor center, and parking lots throughout the area, with food and drink vendors offering snacks and beverages near the main pathways for convenience during extended stays.[4][96] Hand sanitizer stations remain available, and masks are optional as of 2025, though personal hygiene practices are advised in crowded periods like religious festivals. For emergencies or inquiries, contact the Kaohsiung Tourism Bureau's 24-hour hotline at 0800-011-765.[97]References
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