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Luke 4
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Luke 4
Luke 4 is the fourth chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible, traditionally attributed to Luke the Evangelist, a companion of Paul the Apostle on his missionary journeys. This chapter details Jesus' three temptations, the start of his "Galilean Ministry", and his rejection at Nazareth, which Luke contrasts with his acclaim in nearby Capernaum.
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 44 verses.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
Jesus, as in Matthew 4 and Mark 1, travels into the desert, led there by the Spirit, and fasts for forty days. The New American Standard Bible suggests that Jesus was "led around by", or "under the influence of" the Spirit in the wilderness. He is confronted by Satan, who tempts (or tests) him. 'Tested' is the preferred wording of several modern translations, e.g. the Contemporary English Version, Expanded Bible and New Testament for Everyone.
This narrative is also found in Matthew 4:1–11, but in Matthew the order of the second and third temptations is reversed. This was most probably in Q if that hypothesis is correct; perhaps their copies of Q were in a different order?[according to whom?] This difference in orders presents a challenge for redactional criticism. It is unclear whether in Q, if it existed, the order was originally the same as Luke's and Matthew changed it to have it end on a mountain, a common motif of Matthew, such as Matthew 5:1 and Matthew 28:16, or Luke changed it to have the temptations end in Jerusalem. Luke ends his gospel in Jerusalem in Luke 24. Most scholars believe Matthew's order was the order Q used.
Luke then says that Satan left Jesus "for a season" or "until an opportune time". Satan appears later in Luke 22, entering Judas and leading him to betray Jesus. Raymond Brown sees his return in Luke 22:53 when Jesus says to those arresting him "But this is your hour, and the power of darkness". The late 19th-century Anglican cleric Frederic Farrar, in his commentary on Luke for the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, argues that this does not mean Jesus faced no other temptations during his life, quoting Bonaventure's view that "he endured temptations, too, at other times".
Jesus returns to Galilee "in the power of the Spirit", says Luke, and good report spreads locally about him. He teaches in many of the synagogues there. Bede thought that "the power of the Spirit" indicated that Jesus performed miracles from the start of his time back in Galilee; William Robertson Nicoll suggests instead that the words "[imply] a ministry of which no details are here given".
On one Sabbath day, "as was his custom", Jesus goes to the synagogue in his hometown of Nazareth, stands up, and reads a section of the Book of Isaiah, Isaiah 61:1–2, referring to himself (verse 21) as the fulfillment of this prophecy. His "custom" may refer to the Jewish custom of attending the synagogue on the Sabbath, or to Jesus' own custom of "frequenting the synagogues since He commenced His mission, for the purpose of expounding the SS. Scriptures". Luke's text uses the Septuagint version of Isaiah, but the version Jesus read would have been written in Hebrew.
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Luke 4
Luke 4 is the fourth chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible, traditionally attributed to Luke the Evangelist, a companion of Paul the Apostle on his missionary journeys. This chapter details Jesus' three temptations, the start of his "Galilean Ministry", and his rejection at Nazareth, which Luke contrasts with his acclaim in nearby Capernaum.
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 44 verses.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
Jesus, as in Matthew 4 and Mark 1, travels into the desert, led there by the Spirit, and fasts for forty days. The New American Standard Bible suggests that Jesus was "led around by", or "under the influence of" the Spirit in the wilderness. He is confronted by Satan, who tempts (or tests) him. 'Tested' is the preferred wording of several modern translations, e.g. the Contemporary English Version, Expanded Bible and New Testament for Everyone.
This narrative is also found in Matthew 4:1–11, but in Matthew the order of the second and third temptations is reversed. This was most probably in Q if that hypothesis is correct; perhaps their copies of Q were in a different order?[according to whom?] This difference in orders presents a challenge for redactional criticism. It is unclear whether in Q, if it existed, the order was originally the same as Luke's and Matthew changed it to have it end on a mountain, a common motif of Matthew, such as Matthew 5:1 and Matthew 28:16, or Luke changed it to have the temptations end in Jerusalem. Luke ends his gospel in Jerusalem in Luke 24. Most scholars believe Matthew's order was the order Q used.
Luke then says that Satan left Jesus "for a season" or "until an opportune time". Satan appears later in Luke 22, entering Judas and leading him to betray Jesus. Raymond Brown sees his return in Luke 22:53 when Jesus says to those arresting him "But this is your hour, and the power of darkness". The late 19th-century Anglican cleric Frederic Farrar, in his commentary on Luke for the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, argues that this does not mean Jesus faced no other temptations during his life, quoting Bonaventure's view that "he endured temptations, too, at other times".
Jesus returns to Galilee "in the power of the Spirit", says Luke, and good report spreads locally about him. He teaches in many of the synagogues there. Bede thought that "the power of the Spirit" indicated that Jesus performed miracles from the start of his time back in Galilee; William Robertson Nicoll suggests instead that the words "[imply] a ministry of which no details are here given".
On one Sabbath day, "as was his custom", Jesus goes to the synagogue in his hometown of Nazareth, stands up, and reads a section of the Book of Isaiah, Isaiah 61:1–2, referring to himself (verse 21) as the fulfillment of this prophecy. His "custom" may refer to the Jewish custom of attending the synagogue on the Sabbath, or to Jesus' own custom of "frequenting the synagogues since He commenced His mission, for the purpose of expounding the SS. Scriptures". Luke's text uses the Septuagint version of Isaiah, but the version Jesus read would have been written in Hebrew.
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