Panchet Formation

Panchet Formation
Panchet Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Triassic, Induan PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Geological formation
Underlies	Supra Panchet Formation
Overlies	Raniganj Formation
Location
Coordinates	23°36′N 87°00′E / 23.6°N 87.0°E
Approximate paleocoordinates	55°30′S 60°12′E / 55.5°S 60.2°E
Region	West Bengal, Jharkhand
Country	India
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The Panchet Formation is an Early Triassic geological formation from the Damodar Valley of India.^[1]^[2]

It is among the few geological formations outside of Russia, South Africa, and China that documents the recovery of global ecosystems immediately after the Permian-Triassic extinction. It shares similar traits to some of these other formations, including the dominance of Lystrosaurus and the primary predators being proterosuchid reptiles. It also preserves a diversity of temnospondyl amphibians.^[3]^[4]

Palaeobiota

Synapsids

Genus	Species	Notes	Images
Lystrosaurus	L. murrayi	A lystrosaurid dicynodont. Synonyms include L. orientalis and L. rajurkari.
	L. cf. curvatus	A lystrosaurid dicynodont.
	L. cf. declivis	A lystrosaurid dicynodont.
Panchetocynodon	P. damodarensis	A cynodont of uncertain affinity.
Thrinaxodon	T. bengalensis	A thrinaxodontid cynodont.	Considered a nomen nudum. The specimen is lost.

Amphibians

Genus	Species	Notes
?Benthosuchidae indet.
Capulomala	C. panchetensis	A plagiosaurid temnospondyl.
Gonioglyptus	G. fragilis	A trematosaurid temnospondyl.
Gonioglyptus	G. longirostris	A trematosaurid temnospondyl.
Indobrachyops	I. panchetensis	A rhytidosteid temnospondyl.
Indolyrocephalus	I. huxleyi	A trematosaurid.
Lydekkerina	L. sp.	A lydekkerinid temnospondyl.
Pachygonia	P. incurvata	Possibly a brachyopid temnospondyl.
Manubrantlia	M. khaki	A lapillopsid temnospondyl
Tupilakosaurus	T. sp	A tupilakosaurid temnospondyl.

Reptiles

Genus	Species	Notes
Samsarasuchus	S. pamelae	A proterosuchid archosauriform.
?"Teratosaurus"	T. bengalensis	A dubious archosauriform represented by a single tooth, formerly considered a rauisuchian but most likely a proterosuchid.^[3]
Ankistrodon	A. indicus	Dubious proterosuchid.
Neodiapsida indet.		A non-archosauromorph diapsid, known from an ilium.^[4]

Fish

Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Acrolepidae indet.					An acrolepid fish.
Perleididae indet.					A perleidid fish.
Chondrichthyes indet.					A cartilaginous fish.
Ceratodontidae indet.					A ceratodontid lungfish.

References

^ Romano, Marco; Bernardi, Massimo; Petti, Fabio Massimo; Rubidge, Bruce; Hancox, John; Benton, Michael J. (2020). "Early Triassic terrestrial tetrapod fauna: a review". Earth-Science Reviews. 210 103331. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103331.
^ Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Ray, Sanghamitra (2020-03-01). "Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships". Episodes. 43 (1): 438–460. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020028. ISSN 0705-3797.
^ ^a ^b Ezcurra, Martín D.; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Sengupta, Dhurjati P.; Sen, Kasturi; Sennikov, Andrey G.; Sookias, Roland B.; Nesbitt, Sterling J.; Butler, Richard J. (25 October 2023). "A new archosauriform species from the Panchet Formation of India and the diversification of Proterosuchidae after the end-Permian mass extinction". Royal Society Open Science. 10 (10). doi:10.1098/rsos.230387. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 10598453. PMID 37885992.
^ ^a ^b Ezcurra, Martín D.; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Sen, Kasturi (March 2022). "A new faunistic component of the Lower Triassic Panchet Formation of India increases the continental non-archosauromorph neodiapsid record in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction". Journal of Paleontology. 96 (2): 428–438. doi:10.1017/jpa.2021.100. ISSN 0022-3360.

[1] Romano, Marco; Bernardi, Massimo; Petti, Fabio Massimo; Rubidge, Bruce; Hancox, John; Benton, Michael J. (2020). "Early Triassic terrestrial tetrapod fauna: a review". Earth-Science Reviews. 210 103331. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103331.

[2] Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Ray, Sanghamitra (2020-03-01). "Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships". Episodes. 43 (1): 438–460. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020028. ISSN 0705-3797.

[:0-3] Ezcurra, Martín D.; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Sengupta, Dhurjati P.; Sen, Kasturi; Sennikov, Andrey G.; Sookias, Roland B.; Nesbitt, Sterling J.; Butler, Richard J. (25 October 2023). "A new archosauriform species from the Panchet Formation of India and the diversification of Proterosuchidae after the end-Permian mass extinction". Royal Society Open Science. 10 (10). doi:10.1098/rsos.230387. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 10598453. PMID 37885992.

[:1-4] Ezcurra, Martín D.; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Sen, Kasturi (March 2022). "A new faunistic component of the Lower Triassic Panchet Formation of India increases the continental non-archosauromorph neodiapsid record in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction". Journal of Paleontology. 96 (2): 428–438. doi:10.1017/jpa.2021.100. ISSN 0022-3360.

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