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Quetrupillán
Quetrupillán ("blunted", "mutilated"; also known as Ketropillán; the name is sometimes applied to the neighbouring Lanín volcano.) is a stratovolcano located in Los Ríos Region of Chile. It is situated between Villarrica and Lanín volcanoes, within Villarrica National Park. Geologically, Quetrupillán is located in a tectonic basement block between the main traces of Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault (to the west) and Reigolil-Pirihueico Fault (to the east).
The volcano consists of one stratovolcano with a summit caldera, and is constructed within a field of smaller centres and a larger caldera. It was active during the late Pleistocene; some large eruptions occurred during the Holocene as well.
The volcano is situated in the Curarrehue, Pucón and Panguipulli municipalities of the Cautín and Valdivia provinces. Towns close to Quetrupillán are Catripulli, Currarehue and Puesco. It is considered Chile's 21st most dangerous volcano. The volcano and its neighbours form part of the Kütralkura geopark and are an important tourism destination.
Off the western coast of South America, the Nazca Plate subducts beneath the South American Plate in the Peru-Chile Trench. As the plate subducts, it releases water into the overlying mantle and causes it to melt, gives rise to the Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes. The rate and geometry of subduction has varied over time. During the last six million years, the subduction process has been oblique and as a consequence, the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault has developed within the volcanic arc and dominates the regional tectonics.
Quetrupillán lies on the border between Los Ríos Region and Araucanía Region, in the Southern Volcanic Zone. Together with Villarrica and Lanín it forms a northwest-southeast alignment of volcanoes, which coincides with the Mocha-Villarrica transcurrent fault. The Cordillera El Mocho and Quinquilil volcanoes are likewise situated on this alignment, both are deeply eroded composite volcanoes of small dimensions. Other volcanoes in the Southern Volcanic Zone have similar alignments, such as Nevados de Chillán and Puyehue-Cordón Caulle. In comparison to Villarrica, Quetrupillán has been less active and its eruptions were also smaller than Villarrica's, with no large pyroclastic flows found at Quetrupillán.
Quetrupillán is a 2,360 metres (7,740 ft) high composite stratovolcano and a shrinking glacier cover; the existence of calderas is unconfirmed. The entire edifice has a north-south elongated shape and covers a ground surface of 107 square kilometres (41 sq mi). The volcano contains a field of lava domes, maars and pyroclastic cones that occupy a surface of 400 square kilometres (150 sq mi). These subsidiary vents include the scoria cone Huililco, the Volcanes de Llancahue and the Volcanoes de Reyehueico. There are in total 16 lateral vents, of which 12 are found in a volcanic field south of Quetrupillán. Fissure vents of Pleistocene-Holocene age occur on the southern side of the volcano. The small volume of the main Quetrupillán edifice and the widespread vents may reflect the interaction between the volcano and the Liquiñe-Ofqui fault, which generated secondary vents whose location was controlled by the Liquiñe-Ofqui fault, the Mocha-Villarrica fault and local structures. There are two lakes on the southern flank, Laguna Azul to the southwest and Laguna Blanca to the southeast.
A number of eruption products show traces of ice-lava interactions. Tuff rings and maars formed through the interaction of magma with groundwater. A geomagnetic anomaly at shallow depth south of the volcano may be a pluton associated with a resurgent dome. Huililco scoria cone has produced two lava flows and is considered to be also part of the Quetrupillán volcanic complex.
Three different formations make up the basement of Quetrupillán: The Triassic Panguipulli, the possibly Cretaceous Currarehue and the Miocene Trápatrapa formations and plutonic rocks. These are plutonic and volcaniclastic rock units. The Villarrica-Quetrupillán volcanic chain forms a geological boundary, since the Patagonian Batholith crops out south of it. Magnetotelluric investigation of the area has found evidence of a possible deep-seated magma reservoir.
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Quetrupillán
Quetrupillán ("blunted", "mutilated"; also known as Ketropillán; the name is sometimes applied to the neighbouring Lanín volcano.) is a stratovolcano located in Los Ríos Region of Chile. It is situated between Villarrica and Lanín volcanoes, within Villarrica National Park. Geologically, Quetrupillán is located in a tectonic basement block between the main traces of Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault (to the west) and Reigolil-Pirihueico Fault (to the east).
The volcano consists of one stratovolcano with a summit caldera, and is constructed within a field of smaller centres and a larger caldera. It was active during the late Pleistocene; some large eruptions occurred during the Holocene as well.
The volcano is situated in the Curarrehue, Pucón and Panguipulli municipalities of the Cautín and Valdivia provinces. Towns close to Quetrupillán are Catripulli, Currarehue and Puesco. It is considered Chile's 21st most dangerous volcano. The volcano and its neighbours form part of the Kütralkura geopark and are an important tourism destination.
Off the western coast of South America, the Nazca Plate subducts beneath the South American Plate in the Peru-Chile Trench. As the plate subducts, it releases water into the overlying mantle and causes it to melt, gives rise to the Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes. The rate and geometry of subduction has varied over time. During the last six million years, the subduction process has been oblique and as a consequence, the Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault has developed within the volcanic arc and dominates the regional tectonics.
Quetrupillán lies on the border between Los Ríos Region and Araucanía Region, in the Southern Volcanic Zone. Together with Villarrica and Lanín it forms a northwest-southeast alignment of volcanoes, which coincides with the Mocha-Villarrica transcurrent fault. The Cordillera El Mocho and Quinquilil volcanoes are likewise situated on this alignment, both are deeply eroded composite volcanoes of small dimensions. Other volcanoes in the Southern Volcanic Zone have similar alignments, such as Nevados de Chillán and Puyehue-Cordón Caulle. In comparison to Villarrica, Quetrupillán has been less active and its eruptions were also smaller than Villarrica's, with no large pyroclastic flows found at Quetrupillán.
Quetrupillán is a 2,360 metres (7,740 ft) high composite stratovolcano and a shrinking glacier cover; the existence of calderas is unconfirmed. The entire edifice has a north-south elongated shape and covers a ground surface of 107 square kilometres (41 sq mi). The volcano contains a field of lava domes, maars and pyroclastic cones that occupy a surface of 400 square kilometres (150 sq mi). These subsidiary vents include the scoria cone Huililco, the Volcanes de Llancahue and the Volcanoes de Reyehueico. There are in total 16 lateral vents, of which 12 are found in a volcanic field south of Quetrupillán. Fissure vents of Pleistocene-Holocene age occur on the southern side of the volcano. The small volume of the main Quetrupillán edifice and the widespread vents may reflect the interaction between the volcano and the Liquiñe-Ofqui fault, which generated secondary vents whose location was controlled by the Liquiñe-Ofqui fault, the Mocha-Villarrica fault and local structures. There are two lakes on the southern flank, Laguna Azul to the southwest and Laguna Blanca to the southeast.
A number of eruption products show traces of ice-lava interactions. Tuff rings and maars formed through the interaction of magma with groundwater. A geomagnetic anomaly at shallow depth south of the volcano may be a pluton associated with a resurgent dome. Huililco scoria cone has produced two lava flows and is considered to be also part of the Quetrupillán volcanic complex.
Three different formations make up the basement of Quetrupillán: The Triassic Panguipulli, the possibly Cretaceous Currarehue and the Miocene Trápatrapa formations and plutonic rocks. These are plutonic and volcaniclastic rock units. The Villarrica-Quetrupillán volcanic chain forms a geological boundary, since the Patagonian Batholith crops out south of it. Magnetotelluric investigation of the area has found evidence of a possible deep-seated magma reservoir.
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