RY Tauri

RY Tauri
	; Nebula around RY Tauri observed with Gemini
Observation data; Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation	Taurus
Right ascension	04h 21m 57.4133s
Declination	+28° 26′ 35.5340″
Apparent magnitude (V)	9.5 - 11.5
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage	pre-main-sequence star
Spectral type	F7
Apparent magnitude (G)	10.706
Variable type	T Tau
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)	24.3±1.9 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 8.744 mas/yr ; Dec.: −27.002 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	7.2349±0.2031 mas
Distance	450 ± 10 ly ; (138 ± 4 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)	+2.11 (at magnitude 9.55)
Position (relative to RY Tauri)
Component	2MASS J04215810+2826300
Angular distance	10.83″
Position angle	122.41°
Projected separation	1500 AU
Details
Mass	2.0 M☉
Radius	3.2 R☉
Luminosity	11.6 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	3.8 cgs
Temperature	5,945 K
Age	4.7+1.00; −0.90 Myr
Other designations
	BD+28 645, Gaia DR2 164551162164119424, HD 283571, HIP 20387, TYC 1828-129-1, GSC 01828-00129, 2MASS J04215740+2826355
Database references
SIMBAD	data

RY Tauri is a young T Tauri star in the constellation of Taurus about 450 light years away, belonging to the Taurus Molecular Cloud. It is more massive than typical T Tauri stars, and may be an intermediate between this class and the Herbig Ae/Be star type.^[9]

Stellar system

There was one suspected stellar companion to RY Tauri, a 14.81 magnitude object 2MASS J04215810+2826300 discovered in 2008 at a projected separation of 1500 AU.^[7] It was proven to be a background star not related to RY Tauri with Gaia data though.^[10]

Protoplanetary system

The star is surrounded by a protoplanetary disk discovered in 2006.^[9] The disk is massive at 0.3M_☉ and consists mostly of gas.^[11] The existence of a protoplanetary disk is disputed; the signal can also be attributed to the birth envelope partially disrupted by the young star. Also, polar jets were detected.^[12] The jets contain detectable amounts of oxygen and sulfur.^[4] A superjovian planet on a 0.2 AU orbit is suspected since 2021.^[13]

The planetary system^[11]
Companion (in order from star)	Mass	Semimajor axis (AU)	Orbital period (days)	Eccentricity	Inclination	Radius
protoplanetary disk	0.21–80 AU				65°	—

Variability

Henrietta Swan Leavitt's discovery that RY Tauri is a variable star was reported in 1907.^[17] It is a highly (by 1.5 magnitudes)^[12] obscured Orion variable, producing fluctuations of brightness as the star shines through the inhomogeneities of the inner part of the protoplanetary disk.^[11] It also produces irregular brightening events with a duration of about a month and amplitude of one magnitude.^[18] The light curve of RY Tauri varies by 2-3 magnitudes over a decade and by roughly one magnitude over a year. The star was gradually brightening during the 20th century, possibly changing the variability mechanism in the process.^[19]

References

^ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a constellation from a position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi:10.1086/132034. Constellation record for this object at VizieR.
^ ^a ^b "V* RY Tau". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gorda, S Yu; Mkrtichian, D. E.; Fernandez, M.; Irsmambetova, T. R.; Shenavrin, V. I.; Gahm, G. F.; Djupvik, A. A.; De Albuquerque, R M G.; Babina, E. V.; Artemenko, S. A.; Gameiro, J. F.; Grankin, K. N.; Petrov, P. P. (2019), "Dynamics of wind and the dusty environments in the accreting T Tauri stars RY Tauri and SU Aurigae", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 483: 132–146, arXiv:1811.08635, doi:10.1093/mnras/sty3066
^ ^a ^b Giannini, T.; Nisini, B.; Antoniucci, S.; Biazzo, K.; Alcalá, J.; Bacciotti, F.; Fedele, D.; Frasca, A.; Harutyunyan, A.; Munari, U.; Rigliaco, E.; Vitali, F. (2019), "GIARPS High-resolution Observations of T Tauri stars (GHOsT). I: Jet line emission", Astronomy & Astrophysics, A44: 631, arXiv:1909.10392, Bibcode:2019A&A...631A..44G, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936085, S2CID 202719615
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1: B/gcvs. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
^ ^a ^b Itoh, Yoichi; Tamura, Motohide; Hayashi, Masahiko; Oasa, Yumiko; Hayashi, Saeko S.; Fukagawa, Misato; Kudo, Tomoyuki; Mayama, Satoshi; Ishii, Miki; Pyo, Tae-Soo; Yamashita, Takuya; Morino, Junichi (2008), "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Faint Companions around Young Stellar Objects Associated with the Taurus Molecular Cloud", Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 60 (2): 209–218, Bibcode:2008PASJ...60..209I, doi:10.1093/pasj/60.2.209, hdl:20.500.14094/90001427
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Davies, Claire L.; Kraus, Stefan; Harries, Tim J.; Monnier, John D.; Kloppenborg, Brian; Aarnio, Alicia; Baron, Fabien; Lopez, Rebeca Garcia; Millan-Gabet, Rafael; Parks, Robert; Pedretti, Ettore; Perraut, Karine; Sturmann, Judit; Sturmann, Laszlo; Ten Brummelaar, Theo A.; Touhami, Yamina (2020), "The Inner Disk of RY Tau: Evidence of Stellar Occultation by the Disk Atmosphere at the Sublimation Rim from K-band Continuum Interferometry", The Astrophysical Journal, 897 (1): 31, arXiv:2005.06932, Bibcode:2020ApJ...897...31D, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab93c1, S2CID 218628839
^ ^a ^b Monnier, J. D.; Berger, J.-P.; Millan-Gabet, R.; Traub, W. A.; Schloerb, F. P.; Pedretti, E.; Benisty, M.; Carleton, N. P.; Haguenauer, P.; Kern, P.; Labeye, P.; Lacasse, M. G.; Malbet, F.; Perraut, K.; Pearlman, M.; Zhao, M. (2006), "Few Skewed Disks Found in First Closure-Phase Survey of Herbig Ae/Be stars", The Astrophysical Journal, 647 (1): 444–463, arXiv:astro-ph/0606052, Bibcode:2006ApJ...647..444M, doi:10.1086/505340, S2CID 7357373
^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ ^a ^b ^c Davies, Claire L.; Kraus, Stefan; Harries, Tim J.; Monnier, John D.; Kloppenborg, Brian; Aarnio, Alicia; Baron, Fabien; Lopez, Rebeca Garcia; Millan-Gabet, Rafael; Parks, Robert; Pedretti, Ettore; Perraut, Karine; Sturmann, Judit; Sturmann, Laszlo; Ten Brummelaar, Theo A.; Touhami, Yamina (2020), "The inner disk of RY Tau: evidence of stellar occultation by the disk atmosphere at the sublimation rim from K-band continuum interferometry", The Astrophysical Journal, 897 (1): 31, arXiv:2005.06932, Bibcode:2020ApJ...897...31D, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab93c1, S2CID 218628839
^ ^a ^b Garufi, A.; et al. (2019), "The SPHERE view of the jet and the envelope of RY Tau", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 628: A68, arXiv:1906.06910, Bibcode:2019A&A...628A..68G, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935546, S2CID 189927976
^ Petrov, P. P.; Romanova, M. M.; Grankin, K. N.; Artemenko, S. A.; Babina, E. V.; Gorda, S Yu (2021), "Modulated accretion in the T Tauri star RY Tau – a stable MHD propeller or a planet at 0.2 au?", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 504: 871–877, arXiv:2104.00433, doi:10.1093/mnras/stab904
^ Ismailov, N. Z.; Adygezalzade, A. N. (February 2012). "Light Curve Analysis for RY Tau". Astronomy Reports. 56 (2): 131–137. Bibcode:2012ARep...56..131I. doi:10.1134/S1063772912020023. S2CID 255203421. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
^ Ismailov, N. Z.; Shustarev, P. N.; Adigezalzade, A. N.; Bahaddinova, G. R. (January 2011). "Variability of the Spectrum and Brightness of RY Tau". Astronomy Letters. 37 (11): 783–790. Bibcode:2011AstL...37..783I. doi:10.1134/S1063773711100033. S2CID 119973584. Retrieved 3 April 2022.^{[permanent dead link]}
^ Siwak, Michal; Rucinski, Slavek M.; Matthews, Jaymie M.; Kuschnig, Rainer; Guenther, David B.; Moffat, Anthony F. J.; Sasselov, Dimitar; Weiss, Werner W. (August 2011). "Analysis of MOST light curves of five young stars in Taurus–Auriga and Lupus 3 star-forming regions". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 415 (2): 1119–1124. arXiv:1101.5806. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.415.1119S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18683.x.
^ Pickering, Edward C. (August 1907). "71 new variable stars in Harvard Maps Nos. 9, 12, 21, 48 and 51". Astronomische Nachrichten. 175: 333–338. Bibcode:1907AN....175..333P. doi:10.1002/asna.19071752006. Retrieved 4 September 2025.
^ Zajtseva, G.; Petrov, P.; Ilyin, I.; Duemler, R.; Tuominen, I. (1996), "RY Tauri at High Brightness", Information Bulletin on Variable Stars, 4408: 1, Bibcode:1996IBVS.4408....1Z
^ Beck, Tracy L.; Simon, M. (2001), "The Variability of T Tauri, RY Tauri, and RW Aurigae from 1899 to 1952", The Astronomical Journal, 122 (1): 413–417, arXiv:astro-ph/0104268, Bibcode:2001AJ....122..413B, doi:10.1086/321133, S2CID 14520286

[1] Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a constellation from a position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi:10.1086/132034. Constellation record for this object at VizieR.

[SIMBAD-2] "V* RY Tau". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.

[gorda2019-3] Gorda, S Yu; Mkrtichian, D. E.; Fernandez, M.; Irsmambetova, T. R.; Shenavrin, V. I.; Gahm, G. F.; Djupvik, A. A.; De Albuquerque, R M G.; Babina, E. V.; Artemenko, S. A.; Gameiro, J. F.; Grankin, K. N.; Petrov, P. P. (2019), "Dynamics of wind and the dusty environments in the accreting T Tauri stars RY Tauri and SU Aurigae", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 483: 132–146, arXiv:1811.08635, doi:10.1093/mnras/sty3066

[Giannini2019-4] Giannini, T.; Nisini, B.; Antoniucci, S.; Biazzo, K.; Alcalá, J.; Bacciotti, F.; Fedele, D.; Frasca, A.; Harutyunyan, A.; Munari, U.; Rigliaco, E.; Vitali, F. (2019), "GIARPS High-resolution Observations of T Tauri stars (GHOsT). I: Jet line emission", Astronomy & Astrophysics, A44: 631, arXiv:1909.10392, Bibcode:2019A&A...631A..44G, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936085, S2CID 202719615

[EDR3-5] Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.

[gcvs-6] Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1: B/gcvs. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.

[Itoh2008-7] Itoh, Yoichi; Tamura, Motohide; Hayashi, Masahiko; Oasa, Yumiko; Hayashi, Saeko S.; Fukagawa, Misato; Kudo, Tomoyuki; Mayama, Satoshi; Ishii, Miki; Pyo, Tae-Soo; Yamashita, Takuya; Morino, Junichi (2008), "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Faint Companions around Young Stellar Objects Associated with the Taurus Molecular Cloud", Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 60 (2): 209–218, Bibcode:2008PASJ...60..209I, doi:10.1093/pasj/60.2.209, hdl:20.500.14094/90001427

[davies2020-8] Davies, Claire L.; Kraus, Stefan; Harries, Tim J.; Monnier, John D.; Kloppenborg, Brian; Aarnio, Alicia; Baron, Fabien; Lopez, Rebeca Garcia; Millan-Gabet, Rafael; Parks, Robert; Pedretti, Ettore; Perraut, Karine; Sturmann, Judit; Sturmann, Laszlo; Ten Brummelaar, Theo A.; Touhami, Yamina (2020), "The Inner Disk of RY Tau: Evidence of Stellar Occultation by the Disk Atmosphere at the Sublimation Rim from K-band Continuum Interferometry", The Astrophysical Journal, 897 (1): 31, arXiv:2005.06932, Bibcode:2020ApJ...897...31D, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab93c1, S2CID 218628839

[Monnier2006-9] Monnier, J. D.; Berger, J.-P.; Millan-Gabet, R.; Traub, W. A.; Schloerb, F. P.; Pedretti, E.; Benisty, M.; Carleton, N. P.; Haguenauer, P.; Kern, P.; Labeye, P.; Lacasse, M. G.; Malbet, F.; Perraut, K.; Pearlman, M.; Zhao, M. (2006), "Few Skewed Disks Found in First Closure-Phase Survey of Herbig Ae/Be stars", The Astrophysical Journal, 647 (1): 444–463, arXiv:astro-ph/0606052, Bibcode:2006ApJ...647..444M, doi:10.1086/505340, S2CID 7357373

[10] Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.

[Davies2020-11] Davies, Claire L.; Kraus, Stefan; Harries, Tim J.; Monnier, John D.; Kloppenborg, Brian; Aarnio, Alicia; Baron, Fabien; Lopez, Rebeca Garcia; Millan-Gabet, Rafael; Parks, Robert; Pedretti, Ettore; Perraut, Karine; Sturmann, Judit; Sturmann, Laszlo; Ten Brummelaar, Theo A.; Touhami, Yamina (2020), "The inner disk of RY Tau: evidence of stellar occultation by the disk atmosphere at the sublimation rim from K-band continuum interferometry", The Astrophysical Journal, 897 (1): 31, arXiv:2005.06932, Bibcode:2020ApJ...897...31D, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab93c1, S2CID 218628839

[Garufi2019-12] Garufi, A.; et al. (2019), "The SPHERE view of the jet and the envelope of RY Tau", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 628: A68, arXiv:1906.06910, Bibcode:2019A&A...628A..68G, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935546, S2CID 189927976

[13] Petrov, P. P.; Romanova, M. M.; Grankin, K. N.; Artemenko, S. A.; Babina, E. V.; Gorda, S Yu (2021), "Modulated accretion in the T Tauri star RY Tau – a stable MHD propeller or a planet at 0.2 au?", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 504: 871–877, arXiv:2104.00433, doi:10.1093/mnras/stab904

[Ismailov2012-14] Ismailov, N. Z.; Adygezalzade, A. N. (February 2012). "Light Curve Analysis for RY Tau". Astronomy Reports. 56 (2): 131–137. Bibcode:2012ARep...56..131I. doi:10.1134/S1063772912020023. S2CID 255203421. Retrieved 3 April 2022.

[Ismailov2011-15] Ismailov, N. Z.; Shustarev, P. N.; Adigezalzade, A. N.; Bahaddinova, G. R. (January 2011). "Variability of the Spectrum and Brightness of RY Tau". Astronomy Letters. 37 (11): 783–790. Bibcode:2011AstL...37..783I. doi:10.1134/S1063773711100033. S2CID 119973584. Retrieved 3 April 2022.^{[permanent dead link]}

[Siwak-16] Siwak, Michal; Rucinski, Slavek M.; Matthews, Jaymie M.; Kuschnig, Rainer; Guenther, David B.; Moffat, Anthony F. J.; Sasselov, Dimitar; Weiss, Werner W. (August 2011). "Analysis of MOST light curves of five young stars in Taurus–Auriga and Lupus 3 star-forming regions". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 415 (2): 1119–1124. arXiv:1101.5806. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.415.1119S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18683.x.

[AN1907-17] Pickering, Edward C. (August 1907). "71 new variable stars in Harvard Maps Nos. 9, 12, 21, 48 and 51". Astronomische Nachrichten. 175: 333–338. Bibcode:1907AN....175..333P. doi:10.1002/asna.19071752006. Retrieved 4 September 2025.

[18] Zajtseva, G.; Petrov, P.; Ilyin, I.; Duemler, R.; Tuominen, I. (1996), "RY Tauri at High Brightness", Information Bulletin on Variable Stars, 4408: 1, Bibcode:1996IBVS.4408....1Z

[19] Beck, Tracy L.; Simon, M. (2001), "The Variability of T Tauri, RY Tauri, and RW Aurigae from 1899 to 1952", The Astronomical Journal, 122 (1): 413–417, arXiv:astro-ph/0104268, Bibcode:2001AJ....122..413B, doi:10.1086/321133, S2CID 14520286

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Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Nebula around RY Tauri observed with Gemini
Constellation	Taurus^[1]
Right ascension	04^h 21^m 57.4133^s^[2]
Declination	+28° 26′ 35.5340″^[2]
Apparent magnitude (V)	9.5 - 11.5^[3]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage	pre-main-sequence star
Spectral type	F7^[4]
Apparent magnitude (G)	10.706^[5]
Variable type	T Tau^[6]
Astrometry

Radial velocity (R_v)	24.3±1.9 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 8.744^[5] mas/yr Dec.: −27.002^[5] mas/yr
Parallax (π)	7.2349±0.2031 mas^[5]
Distance	450 ± 10 ly (138 ± 4 pc)
Absolute magnitude (M_V)	+2.11 (at magnitude 9.55)^[3]

Position (relative to RY Tauri)^[7]

Component	2MASS J04215810+2826300
Angular distance	10.83″
Position angle	122.41°
Projected separation	1500 AU
Details

Mass	2.0^[8] `M`_☉
Radius	3.2^[8] `R`_☉
Luminosity	11.6^[8] `L`_☉
Surface gravity (log g)	3.8^[8] cgs
Temperature	5,945^[8] K
Age	4.7+1.00 −0.90^[3] Myr

Other designations
BD+28 645, Gaia DR2 164551162164119424, HD 283571, HIP 20387, TYC 1828-129-1, GSC 01828-00129, 2MASS J04215740+2826355
Database references
SIMBAD	data

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