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Rabkavi Banhatti
Rabkavi Banhatti
from Wikipedia

Rabkavi Banhatti is a town situated on the bank of River Krishna. It was declared a taluka by Karnataka State Govt. on 15 March 2017 and it became operational from 01-Jan-2018. It comes under Jamkhandi subdivision. It has a city municipal council in the Bagalkot district of the Indian state of Karnataka. It forms twin city along with Rabakavi, Rampur and Hosur. It is a hub of the textile business for the surrounding districts.

Key Information

Rabkavi Banhatti is located about 18 km to the west of Jamkhandi subdivision. The town area comprises four places: Rabkavi, Banhatti, Hosur and Rampur. In 1952, the municipalities of Rabkavi and Banhatti were merged into one municipality. The place is very famous for its power-loomed and hand-loomed sarees. Rabkavi-Banhatti has more than 22000 power looms which is one of the highest in Karnataka.

The 28th Kannada Sahithya Sammelana was held in Rabakavi in 1944, under the presidency of Shi.Shi. Basavanala. [citation needed]

The famous temples of the town are Shri Mahadev temple, Danamma Devi Temple (Rabkavi), Shri Shankarling temple, Shri Gurudeva Brahmanandam Ashram and Shri Kadasiddeshwara temple (Banhatti). A fair is conducted every Shravan Maasa in Rabkavi and Bhadrapada Maasa in Banhatti.

Demographics

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Jamkhandi Taluk Map before creation of Terdal and Rabkavi-Banhatti Taluk
Jamkhandi Taluk ZP Constituency Map before creation of Terdal and Rabkavi-Banhatti Taluk

Males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. Rabkavi Banhatti has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 67%, and female literacy was 49%. In Rabkavi Banhatti, 13% of the population was under 6 years of age.

Travel from Banhatti to Bengaluru takes around 13 hours by train and 17–18 hours by bus.

Economy

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Banahatti has a co-operative spinning mill named 'Banahatti Co-operative Spinning Mill Ltd., Banahatti,' established in 1983-84 that operating on its own funds. It runs all year generating jobs to many unemployed people. The main occupation of the people in Banhatti is the manufacturing of sarees and the allied activities like saree folding, dyeing, yarn rolling, etc.

The weaving business has recently experienced a growth larger than ever in history; sarees being produced are sent to bigger markets like Bangalore, Dharwad, Mangalooru, Gulbarga and also to Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala.

Education

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There are many schools and colleges in Rabkavi Banhatti. Some of the famous School and colleges are Basaveshwar Kannada Medium School, S.R.A Composite PU College, Banahatti and Sri M V Pattan, College in Rabkavi. which is situated in Banhatti, Konnur and Science PU College in Yallatti. Other popular schools situated nearby are Poorna Prajna English Medium School - Rampur, Jnyanodaya English Medium School - Rampur, Padmavati International School - Rabkavi.

Culture

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Sri Kadasidhheshwar Temple is the main temple of the town and considered as "Town God." A fair called 'Banhatti Jatre' is conducted yearly in the month of September or October. A part of enthusiastic celebrations during the fair is the lighting of the fire crackers. The other temples are namely Sri Mallikarjuna Temple, Hanuman Temple, Veerbhadreshwar Temple, Yallamma Temple, Sri Basaveshwar Temple, Kali Temple, Lakshmi Temple and many more.

Banahatti has three theaters namely Vaibhav, Shringar and Mallikarjun theatres. Government Rabkavi-Banahatti is one of 57 Karnataka cities in the Nirmala Nagara - Municipal eGovernance project. On 15 August 2005, each of the cities got a comprehensive website as well as the Public Grievance & Redressal module. Other important modules launched are Property Tax, Financial Accounting, GIS Mapping, Birth & Death Certification, and Ward Works. Nirmala Nagara project is a partnership between the Urban Development Dept, eGovernments Foundation & Survey of India. These computer-based systems coupled with government process re-engineering and GIS digital mapping will provide transparency and accountability and smoother delivery of services to citizens of Karnataka.

References

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia
Rabkavi Banhatti is a and taluka headquarters in , , , situated on the banks of the approximately 19 km west of Jamkhandi. It forms a twin urban agglomeration primarily comprising the adjoining towns of Rabkavi and Banhatti, along with the nearby localities of Rampur and , and is renowned for its extensive centered on handloom and powerloom . The city covers an area of 25.52 square kilometers (as of 2024) and had a population of 77,004 as per the 2011 census, with estimates projecting approximately 109,000 as of 2024, 38,918 males and 38,086 females, yielding a of 979 females per 1,000 males and a literacy rate of 74.2%. Rabkavi Banhatti's is predominantly driven by textiles, hosting over 22,000 power looms—the highest number in —and supporting a large community that produces a variety of fabrics for domestic and export markets. also plays a significant role, benefiting from the Krishna River's potential, while the area's administrative status was elevated to a separate taluka by the on March 15, 2017, to improve local governance and development. Culturally, Rabkavi Banhatti features notable religious sites, including the ancient Shri Mahadev Temple and the GLBC Temple, which attract devotees and contribute to the region's heritage. The city is governed by the Rabkavi-Banahatti City Municipal Council, which oversees urban services, , and for its 31 wards. Recent developments focus on addressing challenges in the textile sector, such as modernization and , amid a growing urban population projected to increase with ongoing economic activities.

Geography

Location and Boundaries

Rabkavi Banhatti is situated in the of , , at geographical coordinates 16.47°N 75.12°E. This positioning places it in the northern part of the state, within the region, and approximately 18 km west of the nearby town of Jamkhandi. As part of , the town serves as an important urban center in the Jamkhandi subdivision, contributing to the region's connectivity and economic activities. The town encompasses a composite formed by the integration of four distinct localities: Rabkavi, Banhatti, , and Rampur. These areas were amalgamated to create the municipal entity, reflecting the town's evolution as a unified administrative unit. The covers an area of 13.14 km² (2011), while the municipal area is 25.52 km², providing space for residential, commercial, and industrial development within its defined limits. In terms of boundaries, Rabkavi Banhatti is bordered to the north by the , which influences its hydrological and environmental context. To the east, it lies adjacent to Jamkhandi taluka, facilitating regional interactions and shared infrastructural links. These demarcations define the town's spatial footprint, separating it from surrounding rural and urban extensions in .

Physical Features

Rabkavi Banhatti is situated at an elevation of approximately 550 meters above . The town occupies flat to gently undulating terrain characteristic of the , where elevations in the surrounding area range from about 514 to 920 meters. It is positioned on the banks of the , which shapes its immediate landscape and contributes to the region's overall topography as part of the broader 's rocky and plateau-like features. The proximity of Rabkavi Banhatti to the significantly influences local and water availability, providing a vital resource for and supporting fertile conditions in the vicinity. The predominant soil type is black soil, which is deep, clay-rich, and well-suited for cultivation due to its moisture-retention properties. Rabkavi Banhatti experiences a , classified as Aw under the Köppen system, with distinct seasonal variations. Summers are hot, with temperatures reaching up to 40°C in May, while winters are moderate, featuring daytime highs of 25–30°C and nighttime lows around 15–20°C from to . Annual rainfall averages 600–800 mm, concentrated during the season from June to September, accounting for the majority of precipitation in the region.

History

Formation and Early Developments

Rabkavi and Banhatti originated as separate villages along the banks of the in the of northern , where the river's fertile alluvial plains supported early agricultural settlements and facilitated regional trade routes in the . The broader district's documented history traces back to the 2nd century CE, with early references to nearby taluks like , highlighting the area's role in ancient Chalukya-era activities centered on riverine resources for farming and commerce. The early development of these villages was shaped by strong ties to local religious communities, particularly the Lingayat sect, which gained prominence in northern Karnataka during the 12th-century led by , emphasizing social equality and monotheistic Shiva worship; , including sites like , became a key center for Lingayat revival in the 14th–15th centuries. also contributed to the region's historical fabric, with ancient Jain temples in Bagalkot dating to the 10th century CE, such as the Parshvanath temple, reflecting enduring influences from medieval South Indian Jain patronage under dynasties like the Gangas and Chalukyas. Traditional handloom emerged as a foundational economic pursuit in Rabkavi and Banhatti during the 19th and early 20th centuries, rooted in local traditions that produced sarees and fabrics for regional markets. This industry, initially reliant on manual looms operated by weaving communities, laid the groundwork for the area's prominence, with the introduction of the first powerloom unit in Rabkavi in 1904—imported from and named the Kokkalgi Weaving —signaling while building on centuries-old handloom practices. These early developments culminated in cultural milestones that elevated the villages' profile, such as hosting the 28th Sahithya Sammelana in Rabkavi from December 28–30, 1944, under the presidency of S. S. Basavanala, which fostered literary discourse and highlighted the area's growing significance in regional cultural life prior to the 1952 merger of the two municipalities.

Administrative Evolution

Following India's independence, Rabkavi Banhatti formed part of as part of the broader Bombay-Karnataka region, which had historical ties to the . In 1952, the separate municipalities of Rabkavi and Banhatti were merged to create a unified urban administrative entity, streamlining local governance amid growing industrial and population pressures in the area. This merger laid the foundation for integrated across the twin towns. The linguistic reorganization of states under the States Reorganisation Act of 1956 transferred the region, including Rabkavi Banhatti, from to , aligning administrative boundaries with Kannada-speaking populations. was subsequently renamed in 1973, placing Rabkavi Banhatti within . This shift enhanced regional cohesion and access to state-level resources for development. A significant administrative upgrade occurred on 15 March 2017, when the Karnataka government declared Rabkavi Banhatti a separate taluka, effective from 1 January 2018, carving it out from the adjacent Jamkhandi taluka to better address local administrative needs. Today, the area is governed by the Rabkavi-Banhatti City Municipal Council, established post-merger and responsible for urban services, while the Rabkavi-Banhatti Town Planning Authority holds jurisdiction over and development regulations.

Administration and Demographics

Local Governance

The Rabkavi-Banhatti City Municipal Council (CMC) serves as the primary governing body for local administration in Rabkavi Banhatti, handling urban services and development following the 1952 merger of the former Rabkavi and Banhatti municipalities. The council operates through dedicated sections for citizen services, such as and , notifications for public announcements, and to regulate and . Its functions encompass , road maintenance, and waste management, ensuring efficient delivery of municipal amenities to residents. Rabkavi Banhatti functions as the for the Rabkavi Banhatti taluka, established on March 15, 2017, and operational from January 1, 2018, overseeing one urban local body and multiple rural areas within . The taluka administration, led by a tahsildar, manages collection, records, and coordination with the district level. Additionally, the Rabkavi-Banhatti Planning Authority acts as the designated body for town planning schemes (TP schemes) and broader development projects, facilitating structured urban growth. Politically, Rabkavi Banhatti falls under the , represented in the Indian Parliament. Local governance is shaped by elections to the CMC, where council members, including a president and ward representatives, oversee allocation, administrative operations, and initiatives like road expansions and public facilities. Recent urban development efforts by the CMC and planning authority include integration of for project visualization and the release of key planning documents, such as master plans and TP scheme notifications, with updates documented through 2022. These initiatives aim to enhance transparency and support sustainable infrastructure growth in the taluka.

Population Characteristics

According to the , Rabkavi Banhatti had a total of 77,004, comprising 38,918 s and 38,086 s. The stood at 5,860 persons per square kilometer, reflecting the town's compact urban layout within . The was 979 females per 1,000 s, indicating a relatively balanced distribution compared to state averages. Approximately 13% of the was under of age, highlighting a youthful demographic profile with potential implications for future growth. rates were recorded at 74.18% overall, with at 82.52% and at 65.75%, showing progress in educational access but persistent disparities.
Demographic IndicatorValue (2011 Census)
Total Population77,004
Males38,918
Females38,086
979
5,860/km²
Children (0-6 years)13%
Literacy Rate (Overall)74.18%
Male Literacy82.52%
Female Literacy65.75%
The social composition of Rabkavi Banhatti is predominantly -speaking, aligning with the linguistic majority in where Kannada accounts for over 86% of the population. Religiously, the community features a mix of (79.3%), (19.56%), and smaller groups including Jains (0.48%), (0.06%), (0.04%), and Buddhists (0.01%). Lingayats form a significant Hindu sub-community, known for their cultural and economic influence in the region. Within the broader taluka, there is an urban-rural split, with the town serving as the primary urban hub while surrounding villages contribute to a mixed demographic landscape.

Economy

Textile Industry

The textile industry dominates the economy of Rabkavi Banhatti, establishing it as a prominent weaving center in Karnataka, often referred to as the "Manchester of North Karnataka" due to its extensive production of cotton-based fabrics. The sector primarily focuses on saree manufacturing, utilizing both power looms and handlooms to produce varieties such as pure cotton, mercerized cotton, and art silk sarees, with an emphasis on dyed cotton yarns in 60 and 80 counts. This industry emerged from traditional handloom practices, transitioning to decentralized power loom operations that gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s. Rabkavi Banhatti accommodates approximately 22,000 power looms, positioning it as one of the largest such clusters in the state and supporting over 15,000 units, predominantly small and medium-scale enterprises operated under sole proprietorships or partnerships. Key products include sarees, a traditional style characterized by their unique technique featuring a red pallu and temple borders, alongside other regional sarees that highlight the area's artisanal heritage. Raw materials, mainly , are procured from local agricultural sources in nearby taluks like , , and , supplemented by supplies from states including , , and to ensure consistent quality for combed and carded yarn production. A pivotal establishment in the sector is the Banahatti Co-operative Spinning Mill Ltd., initiated in with 15,080 spindles to provide localized production and reduce dependency on external suppliers. This mill processes raw into essential for the units, though production volumes have fluctuated, declining from 1,639,735 kg in 2007-08 to 729,461 kg in 2016-17 due to market and supply challenges. The sarees produced here are supplied to domestic markets across , including major centers like Bangalore, and select manufacturers engage in international exports, contributing substantially to the Bagalkot district's economic output through and . However, the has faced significant challenges in recent years. As of 2024, in Rabkavi-Banhatti and surrounding areas in are grappling with declining demand for traditional saris, rising production costs, and competition from cheaper imports. Additionally, two planned textile parks intended to support modernization and employment remain non-operational as of early 2025, exacerbating the economic crisis for the weaving community.

Other Economic Activities

Agriculture in Rabkavi-Banahatti and its surrounding rural areas relies heavily on from the , facilitated by the (UKP), which supplies water to drought-prone regions in to support small-scale farming. Major crops include , , and paddy, with serving as a key that benefits from the district's fourteen sugar factories and contributes to local processing activities. The UKP has enabled expanded cultivation of these crops, with systems introduced in Bagalkot enhancing water efficiency for high-value produce like pomegranates and bananas in nearby areas. In November 2025, farmers in , including areas near Rabkavi-Banhatti, staged protests demanding higher procurement prices from sugar factories, leading to disruptions in crushing operations and highlighting tensions over fair compensation for cash crops. Trade and services form a growing component of the local , with bustling markets catering to daily needs and retail outlets expanding in urban Rabkavi-Banahatti. Small businesses, including general stores and service providers, support community commerce, while the district's emerging sectors like health services, , , and retail drive further diversification. These activities complement agricultural outputs by facilitating the distribution of farm produce and consumer goods through local networks. Handloom cooperatives play a role in sustaining weaving traditions beyond large-scale textile production, fostering community-based enterprises that promote skill development and economic inclusion. The town's contributions to Bagalkot district's gross district domestic product (GDDP), estimated at ₹39,627 crore at current prices as of 2023-24, stem partly from these ancillary sectors, though and services remain foundational. Challenges include over-reliance on seasonal irrigation and textile-related exports, prompting government initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) for improved water management and post-2017 taluka-level development schemes to encourage economic diversification.

Education

Primary and Secondary Education

Primary and secondary education in Rabkavi Banhatti is provided through a mix of and private institutions, covering foundational learning from classes 1 to 10. These schools serve students aged approximately 6 to 16, focusing on core subjects in and English mediums to ensure accessibility for local and bilingual learners. Key institutions include the Aided Sri Basaveshwar Medium Higher in Banahatti, which offers from classes 1 to 7 in Kannada medium and is co-educational. Another prominent school is the Unaided Poorna Prajnya Shikshan Sangh English Medium High School in Rampur, providing instruction up to class 10 in English medium. -run schools, such as the Higher Banahatti Tota (established in 1970) and High Rabakavi (established in 2006), complement these by offering free access to primary and in Kannada medium. Enrollment covers for ages 6-10 (classes 1-5) and secondary for ages 11-16 (classes 6-10), with both and private options ensuring broad access across the . The infrastructure includes around 27 schools in the Rabakavi cluster alone, contributing to the taluka's educational network of approximately 20-30 primary and secondary institutions. These facilities have played a role in elevating the area's literacy rate to 74.18% as per the 2011 , with male literacy at 82.52% and female at 65.75%. The Karnataka government supports these efforts through free education programs under the Act, providing compulsory schooling up to age 14, free textbooks, uniforms, and mid-day meals for underprivileged students in government schools. Initiatives like further enhance enrollment and infrastructure for elementary education, targeting universal access in rural and urban pockets of the taluka.

Higher Education

Rabkavi Banhatti offers higher education primarily through pre-university and undergraduate programs affiliated with regional boards and universities, focusing on , , , and vocational training tailored to the local . S.R.A. Composite PU College in Banahatti provides pre-university courses in , , and under the Department of Pre-University Education, serving as a key institution for students transitioning from with an enrollment of approximately 140 students in classes XI and XII. Similarly, Sri M.V. Pattan College in Rabkavi delivers pre-university programs under the Department of Pre-University Education and degree programs in , , and affiliated to Rani Channamma University, Belagavi, enabling access to bachelor's-level education for local youth. Vocational education emphasizes programs supporting the textile and weaving sectors, with the Government Polytechnic in Rabakavi-Banahatti offering three-year diplomas in , , electronics and communication engineering, and engineering under the Directorate of Technical Education, , which align with industrial needs in machinery operation and maintenance for weaving units. Enrollment at the polytechnic stands at around 300 students across five sections, with facilities including laboratories and workshops to foster practical skills. Higher education institutions in Rabkavi Banhatti have contributed to elevated rates among youth, with the town's overall at 74.18% in —higher for males at 82.52% and showing progressive trends in participation post-census through . Since the declaration of taluka status in 2017, educational developments have improved and outreach, enhancing enrollment from rural areas by streamlining administrative support and for colleges; for instance, in 2023, a building was constructed under NABARD's Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) to facilitate access for students from surrounding areas.

Culture and Society

Religious Sites and Festivals

Rabkavi Banhatti features several prominent Hindu temples that serve as focal points for local devotion and community gatherings. The Shri Mahadev Temple and Danamma Devi Temple in Rabkavi are key sites dedicated to Lord and the goddess , respectively, drawing pilgrims for daily worship and special rituals. In Banhatti, the Sri Kadasiddheshwar Temple stands as a revered , recognized for its spiritual ambiance and historical significance as one of the region's oldest sacred sites. These temples, including the nearby Shankaralinga and Mallikarjuna shrines and the GLBC Temple, embody the area's strong Hindu traditions, with architectural elements typical of regional styles such as pillared halls and carved motifs, though detailed historical records remain sparse. Annual festivals enliven the religious landscape, emphasizing devotion and communal harmony. The Shravan Maasa fair in Rabkavi, observed during July-August, centers on the Shankaralinga Temple and includes rituals on the third Monday of the month, attracting devotees for prayers and processions. Similarly, the Bhadrapada Maasa fair in Banhatti occurs in August-September, tied to the Kadasiddheshwar Temple and featuring elaborate ceremonies. The Banhatti Jatre, held in September-October, is a highlight with its dramatic displays—often involving lakhs of crackers—and vibrant processions that traverse the town, culminating in the distribution of thousands of rotis to participants as an act of charity. These events foster widespread community involvement, with residents from all walks of life participating in preparations, performances, and shared meals, reinforcing social ties and cultural continuity. A notable cultural milestone linked to the town's heritage is the 28th Kannada Sahithya Sammelana hosted in Rabkavi in 1944, presided over by S. S. Basavanala, which celebrated and underscored the region's intellectual contributions.

Notable People

Ishwar Bidri (1933–2020) was a renowned Indian cinematographer born in Rabkavi Banhatti, . Over a career spanning more than four decades in the , he is best known for his work on films such as (1994), (1997), and Caravan (1971), where his visual storytelling captured the essence of dramatic narratives and action sequences. Bidri's contributions often highlighted cultural and regional motifs, reflecting the artistic heritage of his hometown through innovative techniques. Basappa Danappa Jatti (1912–2002), former and of , maintained strong associations with Rabkavi Banhatti through his early political efforts in the region. As a leader in the former , he advocated for the unification of Rabkavi, Banhatti, Rampur, and into a single municipality to improve infrastructure like drinking water and electricity, overcoming local opposition to establish the entity for public benefit. His initiatives underscored the town's development, aligning with its reputation for a hardworking community dedicated to progress and welfare.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Rabkavi Banhatti benefits from a network of state and district roads that facilitate connectivity to nearby towns and district headquarters. The town is linked to Jamkhandi, approximately 18 km to the east, and Bagalkot, about 80 km to the north, primarily through State Highway 124 and other district roads. Local transportation includes bus services operated by the (KSRTC), with a dedicated depot in Rabkavi providing routes to regional destinations. Additionally, private taxis and auto-rickshaws are widely available for intra-town and short-distance travel. Rail access is limited, as there is no railway station within the town. The nearest stations are at Bagalkot, roughly 80 km away, and Belagavi (Belgaum), approximately 114 km to the northwest, both serving major lines in the South Western Railway network. Other transportation modes include air travel, with Hubli Airport (HBX) located about 148 km southwest, offering domestic flights. The Krishna River, which borders the town, is not utilized for commercial or public transport due to its seasonal flow and lack of developed infrastructure. Following the elevation to taluka status in 2017, infrastructure improvements have enhanced road networks, including re-asphalting projects in key areas completed by 2021, reducing travel times to major cities such as Hyderabad, which now takes 8-10 hours by road. These enhancements support economic activities, including the transport of textile exports to regional markets.

Healthcare and Utilities

Rabkavi Banhatti's healthcare infrastructure includes a Community Health Centre (CHC) serving as the primary government facility, upgraded to taluka-level status following the area's designation as a taluk in 2017, providing essential services such as outpatient care, emergency treatment, and basic diagnostics for the local population. An Urban Primary Health Centre operates in Basava Nagar, focusing on preventive care and community outreach, including immunization drives and health education programs. Private facilities complement these, with notable hospitals like Shyavi Sanjeevini Hospital offering multispecialty services, Poojari Hospital providing general and maternity care, and Orthocare Orthopaedic Hospital specializing in bone and joint treatments; additionally, Trishaladevi Super Speciality Eye Hospital addresses vision-related needs. Maternal and child health programs, aligned with national initiatives like the National Health Mission, emphasize antenatal care, safe deliveries, and child nutrition at the CHC and urban PHC, contributing to improved outcomes in a region where the 2011 census reported a literacy rate of approximately 74% (male 82.5%, female 65.8%), influencing health-seeking behaviors. Utilities in Rabkavi Banhatti are managed by the City Municipal Council, ensuring provision of , , and services to the urban core and surrounding taluka areas. is sourced primarily from the , replenished via upstream dams like Koyna, and distributed through municipal pipelines with scheduled deliveries to address seasonal shortages; government schemes such as Jal Jeevan Mission support efforts to enhance potable water access, though challenges persist due to river level fluctuations. is supplied by the Electricity Supply Company Limited (HESCOM), a distribution arm under the framework, covering nearly full electrification of households and supporting industrial needs in the textile sector. initiatives fall under the (SBM) 2.0, with the municipal council overseeing solid , including collection, segregation, and operations at designated sites, leading to recent improvements in urban waste processing and reduced open dumping. Public health access reflects demographics from the 2011 census for the city, with a of 77,004 showing urban-rural disparities in service utilization, where rural areas lag in coverage due to distance and awareness gaps tied to the 74% literacy rate. Government interventions, including electrification drives under the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana and for via AMRUT, have addressed some challenges, such as intermittent and inequities, fostering better overall health infrastructure resilience.

References

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