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Rade people
The Rhade or Êđê (Rade language: Rang De) are an indigenous Austronesian ethnic group of southern Vietnam (population 398,671 in 2019).
The term Rhade is an old French transcription of Dagar in the Rade language. The Rhade are also referred to as Anak Degar (Degar people). Anak Degar comes from the term Anak Kudāyā-Nāgār, meaning "Kudayanagar ethnic groups" or "the descendants of bok Kauṇḍinya (Y Da) and bia Nagar" (Y Ga). The name "Kauṇḍinya" (Bok Keidei) was derived from the name of Kampouchea, and "Nagar" (Yă Kuh-keh) refers to the primary goddess of the Cham people. As an ethnic group of the Vietnamese Central Highlands, the Rhade people's culture was influenced by both Champa and Cambodia. Because of their status occupying the border region between these two influences, the term Degar is also sometimes used to refer to the peoples of the Vietnamese Central Highlands as a collective group.
According to French scholars of Southeast Asian studies, the character of Monk Kauṇḍinya symbolized the Indian cultural sphere which influenced classical Southeast Asia through Po Nagar (Champa), Neang Neak (Kampuchea), Nang Khosop (Laos), and Mae Khwan-khao (Thailand). This legend was popular with the ethnic groups of the Vietnamese Central Highlands and other ethnic groups of Southeast Asia within the Indian cultural sphere.
The Rade language is one of the Chamic languages, a subfamily of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family. Other Cham languages are spoken in central Vietnam and in Aceh, Sumatra; The Cham are more distantly related to the Malayic languages of Indonesia, Malaysia and Madagascar, and to the Philippine languages.
The Cham developed a writing system based on Latin script in the 1920s.
Like other Austronesian ethnic groups in the Central Highlands, the Rade have unique prefixes to mark people's names with the gender they were assigned at birth. Feminine names are always marked with the prefix H'. For example, the beauty pageant winner H'Hen Niê and her mother H'Ngơn Niê both have their names prefixed with H'. Masculine names are prefixed with Y-, such as the late government official Y-Ngông Niê Kdăm. Translators of the Rade evangelical Bible incorporated this cultural practice for most Middle Eastern and European characters (H'Mari "Mary," H'Rut "Ruth," H'Prisil "Priscilla," Y-Yôsep "Joseph," Y-Yakôp "Jacob," Y-Julius, etc.), with a few exceptions such as Yêhôwa ("Jehovah"), Yêsu ("Jesus"), Hêrôt ("Herod"), etc. Rade's more sophisticated phonology allows for more accurate transcriptions of these Hebrew names and consequently, more normalized adoption among Rade evangelical Protestants, as opposed to Vietnamese ones.
Unlike in Vietnamese, given names precede surnames in Rade. The two most common surnames are Niê and Mlô. A girl may be named something like H'Mari Niê, with H' being the feminine prefix, Mari being the true given name, and Niê being the surname. There are also derived compound surnames such as Niê Siêng, Niê Kdăm, Mlô Dun Du, etc. and toponymic surnames like Buôn Yă. Surnames are passed down matrilineally.
The Rade practice matrilineal descent. Descent is traced through the female line, and family property is held and inherited by women. The basic kinship unit is the matrilineage, and these basic kinship units are grouped into higher-level matrilineal sibs (matrisibs). The Rade are further divided into two phratries.
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Rade people
The Rhade or Êđê (Rade language: Rang De) are an indigenous Austronesian ethnic group of southern Vietnam (population 398,671 in 2019).
The term Rhade is an old French transcription of Dagar in the Rade language. The Rhade are also referred to as Anak Degar (Degar people). Anak Degar comes from the term Anak Kudāyā-Nāgār, meaning "Kudayanagar ethnic groups" or "the descendants of bok Kauṇḍinya (Y Da) and bia Nagar" (Y Ga). The name "Kauṇḍinya" (Bok Keidei) was derived from the name of Kampouchea, and "Nagar" (Yă Kuh-keh) refers to the primary goddess of the Cham people. As an ethnic group of the Vietnamese Central Highlands, the Rhade people's culture was influenced by both Champa and Cambodia. Because of their status occupying the border region between these two influences, the term Degar is also sometimes used to refer to the peoples of the Vietnamese Central Highlands as a collective group.
According to French scholars of Southeast Asian studies, the character of Monk Kauṇḍinya symbolized the Indian cultural sphere which influenced classical Southeast Asia through Po Nagar (Champa), Neang Neak (Kampuchea), Nang Khosop (Laos), and Mae Khwan-khao (Thailand). This legend was popular with the ethnic groups of the Vietnamese Central Highlands and other ethnic groups of Southeast Asia within the Indian cultural sphere.
The Rade language is one of the Chamic languages, a subfamily of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family. Other Cham languages are spoken in central Vietnam and in Aceh, Sumatra; The Cham are more distantly related to the Malayic languages of Indonesia, Malaysia and Madagascar, and to the Philippine languages.
The Cham developed a writing system based on Latin script in the 1920s.
Like other Austronesian ethnic groups in the Central Highlands, the Rade have unique prefixes to mark people's names with the gender they were assigned at birth. Feminine names are always marked with the prefix H'. For example, the beauty pageant winner H'Hen Niê and her mother H'Ngơn Niê both have their names prefixed with H'. Masculine names are prefixed with Y-, such as the late government official Y-Ngông Niê Kdăm. Translators of the Rade evangelical Bible incorporated this cultural practice for most Middle Eastern and European characters (H'Mari "Mary," H'Rut "Ruth," H'Prisil "Priscilla," Y-Yôsep "Joseph," Y-Yakôp "Jacob," Y-Julius, etc.), with a few exceptions such as Yêhôwa ("Jehovah"), Yêsu ("Jesus"), Hêrôt ("Herod"), etc. Rade's more sophisticated phonology allows for more accurate transcriptions of these Hebrew names and consequently, more normalized adoption among Rade evangelical Protestants, as opposed to Vietnamese ones.
Unlike in Vietnamese, given names precede surnames in Rade. The two most common surnames are Niê and Mlô. A girl may be named something like H'Mari Niê, with H' being the feminine prefix, Mari being the true given name, and Niê being the surname. There are also derived compound surnames such as Niê Siêng, Niê Kdăm, Mlô Dun Du, etc. and toponymic surnames like Buôn Yă. Surnames are passed down matrilineally.
The Rade practice matrilineal descent. Descent is traced through the female line, and family property is held and inherited by women. The basic kinship unit is the matrilineage, and these basic kinship units are grouped into higher-level matrilineal sibs (matrisibs). The Rade are further divided into two phratries.