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Retta Scott
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Retta Scott
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Retta Scott (February 23, 1916 – August 26, 1990) was an American artist. She was the first woman to receive screen credit as an animator at the Walt Disney Animation Studios.

Key Information

Early life and education

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Scott was born in Omak, Washington[1] on February 23, 1916.[2] She graduated from Seattle's Roosevelt High School in 1934.[3] Scott received two scholarships over the course of her education. The first was from the Seattle Art & Music Foundation, who awarded her with a scholarship in the 4th grade that she used to attend 10 years of creative art classes. She later received 3-year scholarship to attend the Chouinard Art Institute,[2] so she moved to Los Angeles, California. She spent much of her free time sketching wildlife at the nearby Griffith Park zoo. Her ambition was to mold a career in Fine arts.[3]

As her time at the Chouinard Art Institute ended, its director, Vern Caldwell, urged Scott to apply for work with Walt Disney, based on her passion for animals. She was initially uninterested due to the cartoon shorts the company was known for, but Caldwell recommended her to work on Bambi, a full film which was in production.[2] She eventually joined the company in 1938 to work in the Story Department.[4]

According to Country Life, the Seattle Art Museum showcased Scott's paintings as part of a 1940 exhibit.[5]

Career at Disney

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Scott worked on storyboards to develop scenes of Bambi, his mother, and the film's hunting dogs, on which she spent weeks to develop them into “vicious, snarling, really mean beasts.” Male artists in the company were stunned, who initially assumed that only a man could create drawings with such intensity and technical skill.[2] Her sketches caught the eye of Disney, so when the film went into production she was assigned to animate scenes of hunting dogs chasing Faline. She worked under the film's supervising director, David D. Hand,[6] and was tutored by Disney animator Eric Larson.[7] This was a significant coup for the young woman, since at the 1930s-era Disney studio, women were considered only for routine tasks: "Ink and paint art was a laborious part of the animation process, and was solely the domain of women..."[8] Her promotion to animator was in part thanks to the success of herself and other women such as Bianca Majolie, Sylvia Holland, and Mary Blair as storyboard artists.[2] Even after receiving a promotion to animator, she and her animations continued being under appreciated in the industry.[9] Though the most recognized Walt Disney female artist is Mary Blair, it is Retta Scott who opened up the doors for women in the animation industry.[10] She became the first woman to receive screen credit as an animator.[11][12] By the spring of 1941, Scott was also considered a "specialist in animal sketches."[13]

Scott helped produce Fantasia and Dumbo,[11] as well as an adaptation of The Wind in the Willows that was later cancelled.[4] She also made an appearance in The Reluctant Dragon, and worked independently with colleague Woolie Reitherman on a cancelled children's book called B-1st.[2] Despite being laid off in 1941, Scott was quickly rehired in 1942, assisting in educational videos and other smaller-scale shorts.[4] Her brief time laid off was partially due to a Disney animators' strike in the summer of 1941, despite Scott being one of only a few animators not involved in the strike. She retired on August 2, 1946, after marrying submarine commander Benjamin Worcester, becoming Retta Scott Worcester.[2]

In 2000, the Walt Disney Co. posthumously awarded her one of that year's Disney Legends Awards for her contributions.[14] Scott's early Disney sketches can be found at The Walt Disney Family Museum in San Francisco, California.[15]

Later work

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Scott and her husband moved to Washington, D.C., where she illustrated books such as The Santa Claus Book and Happy Birthday.[2] She also continued working with Disney through freelance jobs such as illustrating the Big Golden Book edition of Disney's Cinderella.[16][17] Her work caught the attention of past and current Disney employees, including Jonas Rivera, producer of Up, who commented, “I’ve always loved the Retta Scott Cinderella because it doesn’t look like the movie, but somehow it feels like the movie.”[18] Retta and her husband divorced in 1978, and she remained an active illustrator until she was again hired as an animator in 1982 for the Luckey-Zamora Moving Picture Company. She continued to impress artists, especially male artists who initially underestimated her work, and was eager to teach her skills.[2]

Scott suffered a stroke in December 1985 and died on August 26, 1990, at her home in Foster City, California.[2]

Filmography

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Year Title Notes
1940 Pinocchio Assistant Animator[19] - uncredited
1940 Fantasia Animator[20] - uncredited
1941 Dumbo Animator[21] – uncredited
1942 Donald's Snow Fight Animator - uncredited
1942 Donald Gets Drafted Animator – uncredited[22]
1942 Donald's Decision Animator[23] - uncredited
1942 Bambi Animator
1945 Tuberculosis Additional story, backgrounds[24]
1945 -- (Goofy cartoon, no title) Animator[25]
1946 The Story of Menstruation Animator[26] - uncredited
1949 The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr Toad Animator[27] - uncredited
1982 The Plague Dogs Animator[28]

References

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Further reading

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Retta Scott

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Retta Scott is an American animator known for being the first woman to receive screen credit as an animator at the Walt Disney Animation Studios, where she created powerful and dramatic sequences, most notably the hunting dogs in Bambi (1942). Her bold, muscular animal animation and ability to convey intense movement and emotion marked a significant breakthrough for women in the field, earning praise from colleagues such as Frank Thomas for her exceptional skill in capturing animals' moods and attitudes. Born on February 23, 1916, in Omak, Washington, Scott graduated from Seattle's Roosevelt High School in 1934 and attended the Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles on scholarship, where she frequently sketched wildlife at the Griffith Park Zoo to refine her drawing abilities. She joined Walt Disney Productions in 1938, initially working in the story department on Bambi, and her striking charcoal sketches of the vicious hunting dogs impressed Walt Disney and the production team so much that she was assigned to animate the sequence herself, receiving guidance from animator Eric Larson. Although laid off during a studio downturn in 1941, she returned in 1942 and contributed to additional projects before resigning in 1946 to relocate with her husband. Scott's animation credits at Disney also include work on Dumbo and the weasels in the "Wind in the Willows" segment of The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949). After leaving the studio, she freelanced as an illustrator, most notably creating artwork for the 1950 Big Golden Book of Cinderella, and later returned to animation with contributions to the 1982 film The Plague Dogs and various television commercials. In recognition of her trailblazing career and pioneering role for female animators, she was inducted as a Disney Legend in the Animation category in 2000. Scott died on August 26, 1990, in Foster City, California.

Early life and education

Birth and early years

Retta Scott was born on February 23, 1916, in Omak, Washington. She attended Roosevelt High School in Seattle and graduated in 1934. Details regarding her family background and specific childhood experiences remain sparsely documented in historical records.

Art training and entry into animation

Retta Scott moved to Los Angeles after receiving a scholarship to attend the Chouinard Art Institute. While studying there, she dedicated much of her free time to sketching wildlife at the nearby Griffith Park Zoo, where she filled numerous pages with drawings of animals that sharpened her observational skills and passion for depicting creatures in motion. From as early as her childhood drawings, Scott demonstrated an aptitude for picturing animals. Her original ambition was to build a career in fine arts. As her time at Chouinard neared its end, the institute's director encouraged her to apply at the Disney Studios, providing the pivotal direction that led to her entry into the animation industry. This recommendation ultimately resulted in her hiring at Walt Disney Productions.

Career at Walt Disney Productions

Joining the studio and early roles

Retta Scott joined Walt Disney Productions in 1938 after the director of Chouinard Art Institute encouraged her to apply to the studio. She was initially assigned to the Story Department, where she contributed story sketches and development work during the height of Disney's Golden Age of feature animation. Scott's powerful drawings, particularly her charcoal studies of dynamic animal sequences, quickly impressed Walt Disney and the production team, leading to her transition from story work to animation. She was laid off in 1941 during a studio slump but returned in 1942 to the Story Department. Under guidance from experienced animators, she progressed to animator, marking a significant step in her career at the studio. This progression positioned her to contribute to the studio's feature film productions in the late 1930s and early 1940s.

Animation work on 1940s features

Retta Scott contributed uncredited animation to Dumbo (1941), further developing her skills in expressive character animation during the studio's production of more streamlined, wartime-era features. These early contributions, though not receiving on-screen credit, marked her transition from story sketching to hands-on character animation within Disney's feature pipeline and highlighted her aptitude for powerful, realistic animal depictions as noted by fellow animators. Her efforts on these early 1940s projects laid the groundwork for her subsequent credited animation role. Her credited animation work on Bambi (1942) featured the hunting dogs sequence.

Departure from Disney and later work

After her credited animation work on Bambi (1942) and uncredited contributions to projects like Dumbo (1941) and the weasels in the "Wind in the Willows" segment of The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949), Retta Scott resigned from Walt Disney Productions in 1946 to relocate to the East Coast with her husband, a U.S. Naval officer. She did not return to the studio as an animator for subsequent animated features during the 1950s through the 1970s. Her later connections to Disney came through freelance illustration, including artwork for the Big Golden Book of Cinderella (1950) and the Cinderella Puppet Show (1950). These contributions were outside of film production and did not involve animation duties. Scott's only other documented animation credit came much later, when she served as an animator on the non-Disney film The Plague Dogs (1982). Her pioneering status as Disney's first woman to receive on-screen credit as an animator continued to be recognized, culminating in her induction as a Disney Legend in 2000.

Pioneering role as a female animator

First screen credit as animator

Retta Scott achieved a historic milestone as the first woman to receive on-screen credit as an animator at Walt Disney Animation Studios for her contributions to Bambi (1942). This marked her as the Studio’s first woman animator to earn such recognition, leaving an indelible mark despite her brief tenure at Disney. In the 1930s and early 1940s, the animation industry at Disney remained predominantly male, with women typically restricted to the ink and paint department for routine tasks such as tracing cleaned-up drawings onto cels and applying color, which was considered the laborious domain exclusively for female employees. Scott's transition from the story department to animation during Bambi production represented a significant coup in this male-dominated environment. Her animator credit on Bambi held substantial importance as a pioneering step for women in animation, challenging established gender barriers and highlighting the potential for female artists to take on creative and technical roles previously reserved for men. On the film, she animated the sequence featuring hunting dogs chasing Faline.

Breaking barriers for women in animation

Retta Scott emerged as a trailblazer in a male-dominated animation industry where women were typically restricted to the Ink & Paint department at Walt Disney Studios during the 1930s and early 1940s. Her success as an animator, driven by her exceptional talent and Walt Disney's recognition of her abilities despite prevailing societal norms, demonstrated that women could excel in high-level creative positions and helped challenge prejudices within the studio. Her pioneering presence proved instrumental in opening doors for subsequent generations of female animators at Disney and beyond. It is to Retta Scott that we can look to for opening the doors for generations of female animators to come. This legacy was formally acknowledged when she was inducted as a Disney Legend in 2000 for her groundbreaking contributions as the studio's first credited female animator.

Notable animated sequences

Work on Bambi (1942)

Retta Scott made her most significant contribution to Walt Disney Productions with her animation on Bambi (1942), particularly the dramatic sequence in which a pack of vicious hunting dogs pursues Faline and battles Bambi on a rocky cliff. She personally animated the dogs as snarling, ferocious beasts, showing them running, scrambling, attempting to climb the cliff, and sliding back down in a tense display of action and peril. Her initial charcoal story sketches of this sequence proved so powerful and definitive in their staging, lighting, muscular poses, and cinematic composition that she was assigned to animate the scenes herself under the supervision of Eric Larson. The resulting animation captured the dogs' raw aggression and the high-stakes confrontation with exceptional intensity, described as one of the most chilling and exciting pieces of action ever animated at the studio. Animator Frank Thomas commended Scott's work, noting her astounding ability to draw powerful animals and her keen understanding of their moods and attitudes. This demanding work on realistic animal action and dynamic peril highlighted her skill in conveying strength and emotion through movement. Her contributions to these scenes earned her the historic distinction of becoming the first woman to receive on-screen credit as an animator at Walt Disney Productions.

Contributions to other Disney films

Retta Scott contributed animation to other Disney features, including work on Dumbo (1941) and the weasels in the "Wind in the Willows" segment of The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949). Her deep understanding of animal anatomy and movement, developed through dedicated life drawing and observation, informed her approach across projects. These contributions underscored Scott's expertise in animal-focused storytelling and animation within Disney features.

Personal life

Marriage and family

Retta Scott married Benjamin Worcester, a submarine commander in the United States Navy, in 1946. She retired from Walt Disney Animation Studios on August 2, 1946, and relocated to Washington, D.C. with her husband, a United States Naval officer. During the marriage, she illustrated books for publishers and created a cookbook for Navy families in support of her husband. The marriage ended in divorce in 1978. No further details about additional family members are documented in available sources.

Later years and death

Retirement

Retta Scott resigned from Walt Disney Animation Studios in 1946 to move east with her husband, a United States Naval officer. She continued to contribute to Disney as a freelance illustrator, most notably on the Big Golden Book edition of Cinderella (1950) and the related Cinderella Puppet Show. She also engaged in other freelance animation work, including on the animated film The Plague Dogs in 1980.

Death

Retta Scott died on August 26, 1990, at her home in Foster City, California, at the age of 74.

Legacy and recognition

Disney Legends induction

Retta Scott was posthumously inducted into the Disney Legends program in 2000 in the Animation category. This honor recognized her pioneering contributions as the first woman animator at Walt Disney Animation Studios to receive screen credit for her work on the hunting dogs sequence in Bambi (1942). The official Disney Legends tribute describes her brief tenure at the studio as leaving an indelible mark through her exceptional talent. Fellow animator Frank Thomas noted that Scott possessed an astounding ability to draw powerful animals and seemed to have a keen understanding of their moods and attitudes.

Influence on women in animation

Retta Scott is celebrated as a trailblazer whose breakthrough at Walt Disney Animation Studios marked an important step forward for women in animation. As the first woman to receive screen credit as an animator for her work on Bambi (1942), she broke through barriers that had largely confined women to the Ink & Paint department prior to World War II. Her powerful storyboards and animation of the intense hunting dogs sequence in Bambi impressed key figures including Walt Disney and animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, demonstrating that women could excel in demanding animation roles traditionally held by men. This pioneering achievement paved the way for subsequent female animators at Disney and contributed to broader opportunities in the field, particularly as wartime staff changes began to open doors previously closed to women. Her legacy is highlighted in modern works such as Nathalia Holt's book Queens of Animation, which positions her alongside other early female pioneers who helped shape Disney animation during its Golden Age. Recent articles and dedicated sites continue to recognize her as a foundational figure who proved women could thrive in animation beyond support roles. Her induction as a Disney Legend further affirms her role in inspiring later generations of women in animation. While her professional contributions are well documented, some aspects of her personal life and post-Disney career receive comparatively limited attention in historical sources.
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