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Scottish baronial architecture
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Scottish baronial architecture
Scottish baronial or Scots baronial is an architectural style of 19th-century Gothic Revival which revived the forms and ornaments of historical architecture of Scotland in the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period. Reminiscent of Scottish castles, buildings in the Scots baronial style are characterised by elaborate rooflines embellished with conical roofs, tourelles, and battlements with machicolations, often with an asymmetric plan.
Popular during the fashion for Romanticism and the Picturesque, Scots baronial architecture was equivalent to the Jacobethan Revival of 19th-century England, and likewise revived the Late Gothic appearance of the fortified domestic architecture of the elites in the Late Middle Ages and the architecture of the Jacobean era.
Among architects of the Scots baronial style in the Victorian era were William Burn and David Bryce. Romanticism in Scotland coincided with the development of Scottish national identity during the 19th century, and some of the most emblematic country residences of 19th-century Scotland were built in the style, including Queen Victoria's Balmoral Castle and Walter Scott's Abbotsford. In an urban setting, Cockburn Street, Edinburgh was built wholly in baronial style. Baronial style buildings were typically of stone, whether ashlar or masonry.
Following Robert William Billings's Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland, architectural historians identified the stylistic features characteristic of the baronial castles built from the latter 16th century as Scots baronial style, which as a revived idiom architects continued to employ up until 1930s. Scottish baronial was core influence on Charles Rennie Mackintosh's Modern Style architecture. The style was considered a British national idiom emblematic of Scotland, and was widely used for public buildings, country houses, residences and follies throughout the British Empire. The Scottish National War Memorial, opened in 1927 in Edinburgh Castle, was the last significant building in the baronial style.
The Scottish baronial style is also called Scotch baronial, Scots baronial or, merely, baronial style. The name was coined in the 19th century and may come from Robert William Billings's 1852 book, Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland. Before that, the style does not seem to have had a name. The buildings constructed during the Scottish baronial revival by far outnumber those of the original Scottish "baronial" castles of the Early Modern Period.
Scottish baronial style drew upon the buildings of the Scottish Renaissance. The style of elite residences built by barons in Scotland developed under the influence of French architecture and the architecture of the County of Flanders in the 16th century, which had been abandoned by about 1660. The style kept many of the features of the high-rising medieval Gothic castles but introduced Renaissance features.
High and relatively thin-walled medieval fortifications had been made obsolete by gunpowder weapons but were associated with chivalry and the landed nobility. High roofs, towers and turrets were kept for status reasons, and Renaissance elements were introduced. That mainly involved making the windows larger, with straight lintels or round bows, and typically lacking mullions. The style drew on tower houses and peel towers, retaining many of their external features. French Renaissance style also retained the steep roofs of medieval castles, as can be seen at Azay-le-Rideau (1518), for example, and the original Scottish baronial style might have been influenced by French masons brought to Scotland to work on royal palaces.
Scottish baronial style was quite limited in scope, being mainly for lesser Scottish landlords. The walls of the buildings are usually rubble work, and only quoins, window dressings and copings are in ashlar. Sculpted ornaments are sparsely used. In most cases the windows lack pediments. The style often uses corbelled projecting turrets, sometimes called tourelles, bartizans or pepperpot turrets. The corbels supporting the turret typically are roll-moulded. Their roofs were conical. Gables are often crow-stepped. Round towers supporting square garret chambers corbelled out over the cylinder of their main bodies, are a particular feature of the Scottish baronial style. They can be seen at Claypotts, Monea, Colliston, Thirlestane, Auchans, Balvenie, and Fiddes.
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Scottish baronial architecture
Scottish baronial or Scots baronial is an architectural style of 19th-century Gothic Revival which revived the forms and ornaments of historical architecture of Scotland in the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period. Reminiscent of Scottish castles, buildings in the Scots baronial style are characterised by elaborate rooflines embellished with conical roofs, tourelles, and battlements with machicolations, often with an asymmetric plan.
Popular during the fashion for Romanticism and the Picturesque, Scots baronial architecture was equivalent to the Jacobethan Revival of 19th-century England, and likewise revived the Late Gothic appearance of the fortified domestic architecture of the elites in the Late Middle Ages and the architecture of the Jacobean era.
Among architects of the Scots baronial style in the Victorian era were William Burn and David Bryce. Romanticism in Scotland coincided with the development of Scottish national identity during the 19th century, and some of the most emblematic country residences of 19th-century Scotland were built in the style, including Queen Victoria's Balmoral Castle and Walter Scott's Abbotsford. In an urban setting, Cockburn Street, Edinburgh was built wholly in baronial style. Baronial style buildings were typically of stone, whether ashlar or masonry.
Following Robert William Billings's Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland, architectural historians identified the stylistic features characteristic of the baronial castles built from the latter 16th century as Scots baronial style, which as a revived idiom architects continued to employ up until 1930s. Scottish baronial was core influence on Charles Rennie Mackintosh's Modern Style architecture. The style was considered a British national idiom emblematic of Scotland, and was widely used for public buildings, country houses, residences and follies throughout the British Empire. The Scottish National War Memorial, opened in 1927 in Edinburgh Castle, was the last significant building in the baronial style.
The Scottish baronial style is also called Scotch baronial, Scots baronial or, merely, baronial style. The name was coined in the 19th century and may come from Robert William Billings's 1852 book, Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland. Before that, the style does not seem to have had a name. The buildings constructed during the Scottish baronial revival by far outnumber those of the original Scottish "baronial" castles of the Early Modern Period.
Scottish baronial style drew upon the buildings of the Scottish Renaissance. The style of elite residences built by barons in Scotland developed under the influence of French architecture and the architecture of the County of Flanders in the 16th century, which had been abandoned by about 1660. The style kept many of the features of the high-rising medieval Gothic castles but introduced Renaissance features.
High and relatively thin-walled medieval fortifications had been made obsolete by gunpowder weapons but were associated with chivalry and the landed nobility. High roofs, towers and turrets were kept for status reasons, and Renaissance elements were introduced. That mainly involved making the windows larger, with straight lintels or round bows, and typically lacking mullions. The style drew on tower houses and peel towers, retaining many of their external features. French Renaissance style also retained the steep roofs of medieval castles, as can be seen at Azay-le-Rideau (1518), for example, and the original Scottish baronial style might have been influenced by French masons brought to Scotland to work on royal palaces.
Scottish baronial style was quite limited in scope, being mainly for lesser Scottish landlords. The walls of the buildings are usually rubble work, and only quoins, window dressings and copings are in ashlar. Sculpted ornaments are sparsely used. In most cases the windows lack pediments. The style often uses corbelled projecting turrets, sometimes called tourelles, bartizans or pepperpot turrets. The corbels supporting the turret typically are roll-moulded. Their roofs were conical. Gables are often crow-stepped. Round towers supporting square garret chambers corbelled out over the cylinder of their main bodies, are a particular feature of the Scottish baronial style. They can be seen at Claypotts, Monea, Colliston, Thirlestane, Auchans, Balvenie, and Fiddes.
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