Transport in Brunei consists of air, land, and sea transport. Previously there was some rail transport in Brunei, but eventually most of it was closed down. Several public and commercial sector organizations are in charge of creating and overseeing these networks and infrastructures. The Ministry of Transport and Infocommunications (MTIC) is in charge of overseeing the maritime and aviation industries, as well as planning and regulating all kinds of land transportation.

The Land Transport Department (JPD) is the government agency to make sure that the transportation systems and services in Brunei and the surrounding area are readily available, effective, safe, and satisfactory for the movement of people and products.

The current Brunei National Roads System consists of a vast national highway network, along with related facilities like gas stations, rest areas, and land border crossings; a waterway network that is significant at several key locations; an urban and interdistrict public transportation bus network based on franchised and commercial services, along with associated stops and interchanges. There are 216,000 licensed motor vehicles as of 2013, the majority of which are private cars. With an annual vehicle growth rate of 9%, there are over 1,400 newly registered private vehicles per month. When compared to other countries, it shows extraordinarily high levels of car ownership, use, and dependency.

With 3,167 kilometres (1,968 mi) of roads throughout Brunei, the highway network dominates the country's transportation infrastructure. The backbone of the network is a coastal roadway that connects the towns of Kuala Belait, Sungai Liang, Tutong, and Jerudong with Muara Port from the south-west of the nation to the north-east. From here, important routes weave through Brunei-Muara and connect with Bandar Seri Begawan. The more remote areas of Labi in Belait, Lamunin in Tutong, and Bangar in Temburong are all served by important routes that branch off the main corridor. Brunei-Muara and Temburong are not connected by a direct road. There are roads that connect the two, however they only run via the Malaysian District of Limbang. There was no road connecting Brunei Town and Kuala Belait in 1953. To get to Danau, one must go all the way to Kuala Tutong and board a ferry there. To go to Kuala Belait from Danau, one must carefully travel along the beach until approximately Anduki.

With the opening of the $139 million Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Saleha Bridge on 14 October 2017, the 750 metres (2,460 ft) long bridge connecting Mukim Lumapas with the capital was officially opened by Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah. The structure, which was constructed as a joint venture between the local company Swee and South Korea's Daelim Industrial, is the second-longest single-pylon cable-stayed bridge in the world. The flyover was anticipated to relieve commuter traffic between Lumapas and Bandar Seri Begawan. The current Jalan Bengkurong Masin and Jalan Tutong highways are used by more than 18,000 drivers each day that commute from Mukim Lumapas and the adjacent villages.

The Temburong District and Bandar Seri Begawan are connected by the 26.3 km Sultan Haji Omar Ali Saifuddien Bridge, which was inaugurated on 17 March 2020. The bridge reduces the commute time for locals to the capital to under 30 minutes. Travelers from Temburong previously had to take a 45-minute boat ride across the bay or drive two hours through Limbang, Sarawak, and four border checks in order to reach the capital before the bridge's opening. Later that same year on 14 September, it has allowed foreign vehicles to cross the bridge with the exception of those weighing more than 3,500 kg.

The Brooketon Colliery and Muara Port, a distance of about 2.5 km, were connected by the first railway in Brunei when it was built in the 1880s. To enable the use of steam locomotives, steel rails were added to the original timber tramroad at the start of the 1890s. To permit their use in the mine galleries, two unique locomotives were built with a low profile and the unusually short gauge of 711 millimetres (28.0 in). Since 1924, the mine and its railway were abandoned. Several of the remnants are still inaccessible due to the resurgence of dense natural foliage.

A 600 millimetres (24 in) gauge railway was built in the early 1930s by Royal Dutch Shell (now Brunei Shell Petroleum) to span the approximate 19 km between its Seria refinery and a water pumping station at Badas. It transported both water and building supplies. The line was taken apart and the equipment was concealed during World War II to protect it from advancing Japanese soldiers. The railway was repaired by Australian forces when the island of Borneo was liberated in 1945. Several sources claim that it was still in use well into the early years of the twenty-first century. The path between Seria and Badas is now a road, and it's thought that some of the track is still in place. With a 4 km pier serving an ocean going tanker loading point, Brunei LNG constructed a liquefied natural gas plant at Lumut in the early 1970s. The pier includes gas pipelines as well as a 1533 mm gauge railway for the transportation of workers and supplies.