Born into a gentry family that had seen better times, Zhuge Liang had two brothers, Zhuge Jin and Zhuge Jun, and two sisters. The close relationship of the siblings is noted in historical records.

The early loss of his parents deeply affected Zhuge Liang. This event likely contributed to his self-reliance and his sense of responsibility towards his family.

Zhuge Liang's marriage to Huang Yueying was a strategic alliance as well as a personal one. Lady Huang was known for her intelligence and practical skills, and she is said to have contributed to some of Zhuge Liang's inventions. Their relationship was described as mutually respectful.

Zhuge Liang initially did not have a son. Zhuge Qiao, the son of Zhuge Jin, was adopted by Zhuge Liang and raised as his own son, demonstrating the strong bond between the brothers.

Zhuge Zhan was Zhuge Liang's biological son. Zhuge Liang was 24 years old when he was born. Zhuge Zhan inherited some of his father's talents and served in the Shu Han government.

Zhuge Liang's relationship with Liu Bei transcended that of a strategist and ruler. Liu Bei treated Zhuge Liang with immense respect and entrusted him with the future of Shu Han. Zhuge Liang, in turn, was deeply loyal to Liu Bei and dedicated his life to fulfilling his vision.

As regent, Zhuge Liang served as a mentor and guide to Liu Shan. He attempted to educate and support the young emperor but recognized Liu Shan's limitations. Despite this, he remained loyal and worked diligently to maintain the stability of Shu Han.

Zhuge Liang fostered relationships with other capable officials in Shu Han, such as Jiang Wan, Fei Yi, and Dong Yun. He recognized their talents and promoted them to positions of responsibility. He also valued honesty and integrity, and he was willing to punish those who violated the laws or betrayed the state.