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729
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729
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729 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar729
DCCXXIX
Ab urbe condita1482
Armenian calendar178
ԹՎ ՃՀԸ
Assyrian calendar5479
Balinese saka calendar650–651
Bengali calendar135–136
Berber calendar1679
Buddhist calendar1273
Burmese calendar91
Byzantine calendar6237–6238
Chinese calendar戊辰年 (Earth Dragon)
3426 or 3219
    — to —
己巳年 (Earth Snake)
3427 or 3220
Coptic calendar445–446
Discordian calendar1895
Ethiopian calendar721–722
Hebrew calendar4489–4490
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat785–786
 - Shaka Samvat650–651
 - Kali Yuga3829–3830
Holocene calendar10729
Iranian calendar107–108
Islamic calendar110–111
Japanese calendarJinki 6 / Tenpyō 1
(天平元年)
Javanese calendar622–623
Julian calendar729
DCCXXIX
Korean calendar3062
Minguo calendar1183 before ROC
民前1183年
Nanakshahi calendar−739
Seleucid era1040/1041 AG
Thai solar calendar1271–1272
Tibetan calendarས་ཕོ་འབྲུག་ལོ་
(male Earth-Dragon)
855 or 474 or −298
    — to —
ས་མོ་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་
(female Earth-Snake)
856 or 475 or −297

Year 729 (DCCXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 729th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 729th year of the 1st millennium, the 29th year of the 8th century, and the 10th and last year of the 720s decade. The denomination 729 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

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By place

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Europe

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Britain

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Asia

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By topic

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Food and drink

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  • Chinese eating sticks are introduced in the next 20 years in Japan, where people heretofore have used one-piece pincers. The Japanese call them hashi.


Births

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Deaths

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References

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

729

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from Grokipedia
729 is the natural number following 728 and preceding 730, equal to 363^6, 939^3, and 27227^2, rendering it a perfect power expressible as an integer exponentiation in multiple distinct ways beyond the trivial square and cube. As a composite odd integer with prime factorization 363^6, it possesses exactly seven positive divisors: 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, 243, and 729, fewer than many comparable numbers due to its single prime factor. These properties highlight its role in number theory as a highly powered multiple of 3, the largest three-digit perfect cube, and a figure invoked in Plato's Republic to quantify the philosopher-king's superior felicity over the tyrant by a factor of 729, derived from geometric progressions symbolizing harmonic ratios in Pythagorean tradition.

Events

Europe

In Italy, Lombard king Liutprand continued his campaigns against the Byzantine , besieging the city and capturing the nearby port of Classis, which he subsequently destroyed. This action was part of the broader Byzantine–Lombard wars, where Liutprand's forces engaged Byzantine troops in the Battle of , securing a victory that weakened imperial control in the region.) Later that year, Liutprand met at , leading to the Donation of Sutri, by which the king ceded the city of Sutri and several hill towns in the Sabine region to the Papal See, establishing an early precedent for papal territorial authority independent of Byzantine oversight. In , consolidated his authority over the Austrasian regions of the Merovingian kingdom during the summer, extending control amid ongoing internal power struggles following his victories against Neustrian rivals. These efforts laid groundwork for his later campaigns against external threats, though no major battles are recorded specifically for 729.

British Isles

In , Osric, who had ruled for eleven years following the death of Coenred, died and was succeeded by his kinsman Ceolwulf, brother of Coenred. The records the slaying of Osric in this context, though contemporary sources like Bede's Ecclesiastical History align the transition without specifying violence, suggesting possible later embellishment in the Chronicle. The Oswald, a royal prince of uncertain or Northumbrian affiliation, also died in 729, marking a year of noble losses amid ongoing dynastic consolidations in Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. In Ireland, Flaithbertach mac Loingsig of the Cenél Conaill died at after a seven-year reign, having previously resigned the kingship; mac Finguine of then assumed the high kingship, reflecting shifts in over-kingship among provincial powers. Anglo-Saxon missionary Ecgberht, who had labored among the Irish and Scots, died on the island of , underscoring ongoing ecclesiastical ties between Britain and . No major military conflicts or territorial changes are recorded in the for this year, consistent with a period of relative stability punctuated by royal transitions.

Asia

In , the Umayyad Caliphate's forces under Ashras ibn Abdallah al-Sulami engaged the Turgesh Khaganate led by Suluk and their Sogdian allies in the Battle of Baykand near in (modern ). The s, advancing from across the River, faced ambushes that cut off their water supply, resulting in heavy losses but ultimately allowing them to break through and recover . This narrow Arab victory followed Turgesh-supported revolts against Umayyad rule in the region, with Suluk leveraging alliances including Tibetan forces to harass Arab garrisons and supply lines. Related clashes, such as fights near Kamarja, underscored the ongoing amid Turkic resistance. In , the Nara court transitioned to the Tempyō era on August 23, under Emperor Shōmu, marking a period of intensified Buddhist influence and cultural flourishing inspired by Tang China. Concurrently, political intrigue peaked as the clan's sons—Muchimaro, Uchimitsu, Hirotsugu, and Maro—falsely accused Prince Nagaya, the emperor's uncle and , of plotting , leading to his forced suicide on September 15 amid investigations into alleged curses and disloyalty. This purge strengthened Fujiwara dominance over the imperial succession, reflecting factional struggles within the aristocracy during the Nara period's administrative centralization. Tibetan Empire armies, allied with the Turgesh, intervened in western Turkestan against Umayyad expansion, supporting anti-Arab uprisings while clashing with Tang Chinese interests in the Tarim Basin and Ferghana. Despite these efforts, Tibetan forces suffered setbacks in northeastern campaigns against Tang borders in spring 729, highlighting the empire's overstretched ambitions across the Tibetan plateau into Central Asia. No major recorded upheavals occurred in the Tang Dynasty heartland of China or the Indian subcontinent, where regional kingdoms like the Pala in Bengal and Chalukya in the Deccan maintained relative stability.

Middle East and North Africa

Caliph (r. 724–743) directed the construction of Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi, a fortified desert palace in eastern , completed around 728–729. Situated approximately 60 kilometers southeast of amid the Syrian steppe, the complex included a central with a , audience hall, bathhouse, and residential quarters, surrounded by agricultural fields irrigated via qanats and fortified walls to deter raids. This Umayyad investment exemplified efforts to extend administrative control over nomadic pastoralists, secure trade routes, and provide retreats for caliphal expeditions in the arid interior, blending utility with elite leisure. The broader remained integrated into the Umayyad Caliphate's centralized apparatus, with serving as the administrative hub for and , while and (modern and eastern ) supplied fiscal revenues through land taxes and tribute without recorded major revolts or conquests that year. Frontier garrisons along the Byzantine border in and maintained vigilance amid sporadic skirmishes, though no large-scale campaigns are documented for 729. In , Umayyad governors enforced settlement policies and Islamization, fostering gradual cultural shifts among Berber populations, yet stability prevailed prior to the widespread Kharijite and revolts of the 740s.

Natural Phenomena

Astronomical Events

In 729, two s were observed in the vicinity of the Sun, as documented in contemporary chronicles including the Ecclesiastical History of the English People by the Venerable . described one comet rising before dawn and preceding the Sun's path eastward, while the other appeared after sunset, trailing the Sun westward; these apparitions were interpreted as portents, instilling fear among witnesses across . The events align with entries in the , confirming the dual sighting early in the year. Some later compilations, such as the , specify visibility for approximately 15 nights, likely in under the . A total occurred on October 27, with the path of totality crossing parts of the , including regions of Europe and Asia, as computed from . This event followed a penumbral on October 11, during which the passed through Earth's outer shadow, producing subtle dimming visible under clear skies but unlikely to have been widely noted without precise observation. No historical records of these eclipses appear in surviving European or Eastern for 729, unlike the comets, suggesting they may not have been prominent or documented amid prevailing conditions.

Notable Individuals

Births

Isonokami no Yakatsugu (729–781), a Japanese noble and scholar during the late , served as a key figure in court politics, including aiding no Nagate in resolving a after the death of Empress Shōtoku in 770. He was the grandson of a high-ranking official and contributed to administrative and political stability amid factional rivalries. Historical records for exact birth dates in this era are limited, with few other verifiable notable figures documented for 729.

Deaths

Osric, king of from 718 to 729, died on 9 May, succeeded by his cousin Ceolwulf.) , possibly a son of Aldfrith, ruled during a period of relative stability following Coenred's abdication. Ecgberht of , an Anglo-Saxon monk, scholar, and bishop associated with and , died on 24 April at age approximately 90. Having studied in Ireland and promoted Roman ecclesiastical practices, Ecgberht influenced Northumbrian Christianity through missionary efforts and adherence to the Paschal dating reformed at the . In , Prince Nagaya, a grandson of and influential Nara-period politician, committed suicide on 20 March following accusations of rebellion orchestrated by Fujiwara no Fuhito's sons. Nagaya had served in high administrative roles, including as consultant to Empress Genshō. Shen Quanqi, a Tang dynasty poet and official known for refined verse and contributions to poetic form, died around 729. Active under Emperors Ruizong and Xuanzong, his work emphasized balanced structure and imagery, influencing early Tang literature.

References

  1. https://www.numberempire.com/729
  2. https://numbermatics.com/n/729
  3. https://www.vedantu.com/maths/prime-factorization-of-729
  4. https://ia903200.us.archive.org/8/items/Omnibus49/13KelseyPlato.pdf
  5. https://elfinspell.com/MedievalMatter/PaultheDeacon-PaulusDiaconus/HistoryOfTheLangobards/PaulTheDeacon-Book6.html
  6. https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/charles-the-hammer-at-tours/
  7. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/medieval/ang08.asp
  8. https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND%2C%2520AngloSaxon%2520&%2520Danish%2520Kings.htm
  9. http://early-med.archeurope.com/british-isles/early-medieval-ireland/extracts-from-the-irish-annals-700-to-798/
  10. https://geniusjournals.org/index.php/ejhge/article/download/4966/4174/4853
  11. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000111664
  12. https://factsanddetails.com/japan/cat16/sub106/entry-5306.html
  13. https://dokumen.pub/the-tibetan-empire-in-central-asia-a-history-of-the-struggle-for-great-power-among-tibetans-turks-arabs-and-chinese-during-the-early-middle-ages-9780691216300.html
  14. https://www.archnet.org/sites/4137
  15. https://socks-studio.com/2014/03/28/qasr-al-hayr-al-sharqi-the-eastern-castle-in-the-syrian-desert/
  16. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Umayyad-dynasty-Islamic-history
  17. https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2002/pdf/5124.pdf
  18. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930010016/downloads/19930010016.pdf
  19. https://www.academia.edu/36537454/WHAT_THE_REVERED_BEDE_HAS_TO_SAY_ABOUT_THE_729_AD_UNFORESEEN_COMETS_LEGENDS_OBSERVATIONS_AND_CONCLUSIONS
  20. https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=07291027
  21. https://eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/0701-0800/SE0729Oct27Tprime.html
  22. https://hawaii.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.21313/hawaii/9780824832353.001.0001/upso-9780824832353-chapter-009
  23. https://www.loebclassics.com/view/bede-ecclesiastical_history_english_nation/1930/pb_LCL248.383.xml
  24. https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesBritain/EnglandNorthumbria01.htm
  25. https://www.onthisday.com/date/729
  26. https://anastpaul.com/2023/04/24/saint-of-the-day-24-april-st-egbert-c639-c729-confessor-priest/
  27. https://heritageofjapan.wordpress.com/6-nara-period-sees-the-nurturing-of-chinese-culture/nara-court-and-ceremony-and-the-flowering-of-tempyo-culture/prince-nagaya-the-life-of-a-nobleman-of-the-nara-period/
  28. http://kyotohumanities.jp/soramitsu/nagaya-oh.html
  29. https://100tangpoems.wordpress.com/shen-quanqi-%25E6%25B2%2588-%25E4%25BD%25BA-%25E6%259C%259F/
  30. https://ctext.org/datawiki.pl?if=en&res=744354
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