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Embassy Hill
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Key Information
| Formula One World Championship career | |
|---|---|
| Entrants | Embassy Hill |
| First entry | 1975 Spanish Grand Prix |
| Last entry | 1975 United States Grand Prix |
| Races entered | 11 |
| Race victories | 0 |
| Constructors' Championships | 0 |
| Drivers' Championships | 0 |
| Pole positions | 0 |
| Fastest laps | 0 |
Embassy Racing With Graham Hill, commonly abbreviated to Embassy Hill, was a short-lived Formula One team started by two-time Formula One World Champion Graham Hill. The team debuted in 1973 with a customer Shadow DN1 car, and began racing as a constructor with its own chassis in 1975. The team had limited success in three seasons of racing, but everything was cut short by the death of Hill, Tony Brise and some of the team's top personnel in the crash of a light aircraft in the autumn before the 1976 season. The team was sponsored by Imperial Tobacco's Embassy cigarette brand and ran under various names during its time.
History
[edit]1972–1973
[edit]Embassy Racing With Graham Hill first came into being when Graham Hill decided to leave his previous team, Brabham, unhappy with the atmosphere there. He announced in late 1972[1] he was starting his own team, acting as owner and driver. Setting up shop in a warehouse based on an industrial estate in Hanworth, West London, Hill formed a small team of around 20 engineers and mechanics. Securing sponsorship from Embassy, Hill started operating a team with cars purchased from Shadow. Things did not go well that year: the team's best finish was ninth at Zolder, being the last finisher among 9 cars (the former World Champion also started 23rd of 23 cars that race).[2]
1974
[edit]The chassis for 1974 were bought from Lola, and designated as the Lola T370. Graham Hill drove throughout the season and scored a point at the 1974 Swedish Grand Prix, but this was to be the team's only point that season. The second car was driven by Guy Edwards, and later Peter Gethin and Rolf Stommelen.
1975
[edit]The T370 was still being used at the beginning of the 1975 season, until the team's new car was ready. The new car for 1975 was initially designated as the Lola T371,[3] but when designer Andy Smallman left Lola to work full-time for Embassy Hill it was renamed the Hill GH1.[4] Smallman's design drew heavily from the design of previous year's Lola cars.[1]
Unfortunately, the second race of the GH1 at the 1975 Spanish Grand Prix[5] was marred by the collapse of Rolf Stommelen's rear wing mounting, which pitched his car into the crowd and killed four people. Stommelen was injured in the accident and did not return until the second half of the season. He had been leading the race comfortably before the crash.[6]
After failing to qualify at the 1975 Monaco Grand Prix, a race he had won five times, Hill no longer drove the cars himself, and his driving role was taken over by Tony Brise. Brise, considered a rising star,[7] finished sixth in the 1975 Swedish Grand Prix and qualified sixth for the 1975 Italian Grand Prix.
Alan Jones took over the second car for most of the races that Stommelen missed; Jones finished fifth place in the 1975 German Grand Prix.
François Migault and Vern Schuppan were also behind the wheel of the second Hill that year.
Hill GH2
[edit]The GH2 was the first Formula One car that Andy Smallman designed from scratch specifically for Graham Hill's team, and it was intended for use in the 1976 World Championship season.[8] It was intended to replace the previous model, the Hill GH1, which had started life as the Lola T371. The GH2 used the ubiquitous Cosworth DFV engine, and featured a much smaller and streamlined chassis which resembled the Brabham BT44 and McLaren M23. Tony Brise began testing in the late summer of 1975 at Silverstone, and the times indicated the team could hope for a successful season. During the final test session at Paul Ricard in November 1975, the GH2 was performing well, being much faster than the GH1 and set up changes had made the car easy to drive. The test successful, the team packed up and flew back to England.[9]
After the deaths of Graham Hill, Tony Brise, Andy Smallman and Ray Brimble on 29 November 1975, the GH2 project came to a halt. However, a GH2 was still built and is now in a British automobile museum.
Embassy Hill plane crash
[edit]On the evening of 29 November 1975 Graham Hill was piloting an Embassy Hill Piper Aztec light aircraft from France to London. His passengers were team manager Ray Brimble, team driver Tony Brise, designer Andy Smallman and mechanics Terry Richards and Tony Alcock. They were returning from Circuit Paul Ricard where they had been testing the Hill GH2 car being prepared for 1976. They were due to land at Elstree Airfield before onward travel to London to attend a party. Shortly before 10pm the plane hit trees beside a golf course at Arkley in thick fog. In the ensuing crash and fire everyone on board was killed.[10][11] As the team now only consisted of Allan Turner, the deputy team manager, and two mechanics it was impossible to continue.[12][13] Most of the team's assets were purchased by Walter Wolf and merged with those of Hesketh Racing and Williams to form Wolf's new team.[14]
-
The Lola T370 of the 1974 season displayed at Haynes International Motor Museum
-
The Hill GH2
-
Hill driving the Lola T370 at the 1974 British Grand Prix
Complete Formula One results
[edit](key)
| Year | Chassis | Engines | Tyres | Drivers | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | Points | WCC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1973 | Shadow DN1 |
Ford V8 | G | ARG | BRA | RSA | ESP | BEL | MON | SWE | FRA | GBR | NED | GER | AUT | ITA | CAN | USA | - | - | |
| Ret | 9 | Ret | Ret | 10 | Ret | NC | 13 | Ret | 14 | 16 | 13 | ||||||||||
| 1974 | Lola T370 |
Ford V8 | F | ARG | BRA | RSA | ESP | BEL | MON | SWE | NED | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | ITA | CAN | USA | - | - | |
| Ret | 11 | 12 | Ret | 8 | 7 | 6 | Ret | 13 | 13 | 9 | 12 | 8 | 14 | 8 | |||||||
| 11 | Ret | DNQ | 12 | 8 | 7 | Ret | 15 | DNS | DNQ | ||||||||||||
| Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Ret | Ret | 11 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1975 | Ford V8 | G | ARG | BRA | RSA | ESP | MON | BEL | SWE | NED | FRA | GBR | GER | AUT | ITA | USA | - | - | |||
| Lola T370 | 10 | 12 | DNQ | DNQ | |||||||||||||||||
| 13 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Lola T371 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| GH1 | Ret | 16 | Ret | 3 | 11th | ||||||||||||||||
| Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 | 16 | 10 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||
| NC | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||
| DNQ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Ret | 6 | 7 | 7 | 15 | Ret | 15 | Ret | Ret |
Formula One Non-Championship results
[edit](key) (results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)
| Year | Chassis | Engine | Driver | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1973 | Brabham BT37 | Ford Cosworth DFV V8 | ROC | INT | ||
| Ret | ||||||
| 1974 | Lola T370 | Ford Cosworth DFV V8 | PRE | ROC | INT | |
| NC | Ret | |||||
| 9 | ||||||
| 1975 | Lola T371 | Ford Cosworth DFV V8 | ROC | INT | SUI | |
| 9 | ||||||
| GH1 | 12 | |||||
| 11 |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Embassy Hill". www.grandprix.com. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ "Hill & back". Motor Sport Magazine. 7 July 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ "Hill GH1 Cosworth". Retrieved 8 December 2015.
- ^ Ewald, Klaus (2006). "Hill Ford GH2". research-racing.de. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
- ^ "THE CHAMPIONS / More than Mister Monaco: Graham Hill – all-rounder extraordinary". Autosport. Retrieved 21 June 2008.
- ^ "Barcelona 1975: Scary doesn't make a start". ESPN.com. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
- ^ Tremayne, David (August 2006). The Lost Generation. Haynes Publishing. ISBN 1-84425-205-1.
- ^ Tremayne, David (December 2000). "So little time". Motor Sport magazine. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
- ^ "Death Of The Dream - 1976 Hill GH2 Ford". Carmrades. Retrieved 7 May 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ BBC, This day in history-- 1975: Graham Hill killed in air crash.
- ^ Graham Hill, 46, Retired Racer, In Fatal Crash Piloting His Plane. UPI News Service. 1 December 1975 (Monday) New York Times archive
- ^ "Motor racing legend Graham Hill killed in a plane crash". The Guardian. London: Guardian Newspapers. 2 December 2008. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
- ^ Bardon, P. "Report on the accident at Arkley Golf Course". AAIB Formal Reports. Air Accidents Investigations Branch. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
- ^ "Embassy Hill". RetroGP. 18 October 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
Embassy Hill
View on GrokipediaFormation and Background
Founding by Graham Hill
After concluding his two-year tenure with the Brabham team at the end of the 1972 Formula One season, which had been marked by underwhelming results and no podium finishes, Graham Hill decided to establish his own racing outfit to sustain his involvement in the sport.[6][1] At age 43, and facing limited options for a competitive driving seat elsewhere, Hill was driven by a personal ambition to transition into an owner-driver role, leveraging his extensive racing pedigree to build a team from the ground up.[6] In late 1972, Hill formally announced the formation of Embassy Hill Racing, positioning himself as the team's principal with plans to enter the 1973 World Championship as a privateer constructor.[1] The operation began modestly in a factory unit in Feltham, near London, serving as the initial headquarters for assembly and preparations.[2] Early recruitment focused on assembling a core group of trusted mechanics and engineers from the British motorsport scene, drawing on Hill's industry connections to form a lean team capable of managing customer chassis acquisitions and basic operations without a large budget.[6] Hill's dual responsibilities as team owner and lead driver underscored his commitment, allowing him to directly influence strategy while competing, informed by his 16 seasons of Formula One experience that included two world championships and 14 Grand Prix victories.[7] This hands-on approach defined the team's foundational ethos, emphasizing resourcefulness and Hill's veteran insight to navigate the challenges of entering as an independent entrant.[1]Sponsorship and Operations
Embassy Hill's primary sponsorship came from Imperial Tobacco's Embassy cigarette brand, which provided essential funding and branding visibility through prominent livery on the team's cars starting in late 1972.[8] This partnership enabled the team to enter Formula One as a privateer outfit, with the sponsor's support covering operational costs in exchange for advertising exposure on the vehicles and team apparel.[1] The team's operational base was established in a Feltham factory unit near London, initially drawing on assembly work at Maurice Gomm's workshops in Surrey before relocating in 1973 to facilitate in-house maintenance and minor chassis modifications.[2] [9] These facilities supported the team's limited logistics, focusing on reliability rather than extensive innovation due to resource constraints. As a small independent constructor, Embassy Hill operated under tight budget limitations typical of non-factory teams in the era, relying on customer-purchased chassis from suppliers like Shadow and Lola to avoid the high costs of full in-house development.[1] This approach allowed the team to compete without massive capital outlay, though it restricted their competitiveness against better-funded rivals. Graham Hill maintained direct oversight of operations as team principal, personally managing strategic decisions while assembling a lean administrative structure that included hiring key support personnel such as designer Andy Smallman for technical roles.[6] [10] This hands-on leadership ensured efficient day-to-day management despite the outfit's modest scale.Racing History
1973 Season
Embassy Hill entered the 1973 Formula One World Championship at the fourth round, the Spanish Grand Prix, with a customer Shadow DN1 chassis assembled from parts supplied by the Shadow team and primarily driven by owner Graham Hill.[1] The team, operating from a Feltham factory unit and backed by Embassy cigarette sponsorship, aimed to establish itself as an independent entrant despite the challenges of building operations from scratch.[1] In their debut at Montjuïc Park, Hill qualified 20th but retired on lap 28 with brake failure, a common issue on the demanding street circuit that highlighted the Shadow DN1's teething problems as a customer car.[11] The season progressed with entries in seven races, all driven by Hill, as the team navigated a steep learning curve marked by mechanical unreliability and tight funding constraints typical for a startup outfit.[1] The team's best performance came at the Belgian Grand Prix at Zolder, where Hill finished ninth, five laps behind winner Jackie Stewart after a steady but unremarkable run.[12] Retirements due to mechanical woes continued to hamper progress, including suspension failure on lap 62 at the Monaco Grand Prix, where Hill had started 22nd on the tight street layout.[13] Similarly, at the British Grand Prix at Silverstone, Hill was caught in the dramatic first-lap pile-up caused by Jody Scheckter's spin, damaging the rear wishbone; after repairs during the red-flag stoppage, he rejoined but retired on lap 25 with steering failure.[14] These setbacks underscored Embassy Hill's early struggles with the Shadow DN1's reliability and the broader difficulties of funding and logistics for a new team in Formula One's established ecosystem, resulting in no championship points scored that year.[1]1974 Season
In 1974, Embassy Hill sought to enhance its competitiveness by switching from the Shadow DN1 chassis to the Lola T370, a design commissioned from Lola Cars and adapted from their successful Formula 5000 platform by engineer Andy Smallman. This move addressed the reliability and performance issues encountered in the team's debut year, allowing for greater consistency in qualifying and race finishes. The team entered 15 World Championship races and two non-championship events, marking a progression from the limited outings of 1973.[1][15][16] The driver lineup featured Graham Hill as the lead, supported by Guy Edwards as the semi-regular second driver, with Peter Gethin and Rolf Stommelen filling in for specific races. Edwards, a promising British talent, handled most of the early-season duties alongside Hill, but suffered a wrist injury during qualifying for the British Grand Prix, prompting the temporary substitution by Gethin for that event. Stommelen, an experienced German driver, joined later in the season for the final four Grands Prix, bringing improved qualifying pace to the team. These changes reflected mid-season challenges, including mechanical unreliability and the need for reliable personnel amid a tight budget.[1][15][17] The season's highlight came at the Swedish Grand Prix, where Graham Hill secured the team's sole World Championship point with a sixth-place finish, completing 79 laps just one behind the winner in a field plagued by retirements. Other notable results included Hill's seventh place at the Monaco Grand Prix and Edwards' eighth-place finish there, demonstrating the Lola T370's potential on twisty circuits despite frequent engine failures and handling issues elsewhere. Overall, these modest achievements represented growth for Embassy Hill, ending the year with one point and several top-10 finishes, a step up from the zero points of 1973.[18][19]1975 Season
The 1975 season marked Embassy Hill's most active year in Formula One, with an expanded driver lineup that included rising talent Tony Brise as the primary driver, alongside Australian Alan Jones, German Rolf Stommelen, Australian Vern Schuppan, French driver François Migault, and occasional outings by team principal Graham Hill himself.[20] Brise, a 23-year-old British prospect who had impressed in Formula Two, joined mid-season and quickly became the team's focal point, while Jones made his Grand Prix debut with the team and Stommelen provided experienced support early on.[21] The lineup reflected Graham Hill's strategy to blend youth with reliability amid the team's growing ambitions.[22] The team began the season using the Lola T371 chassis before transitioning to its in-house designs, entering all 14 Grands Prix events despite persistent funding challenges from sponsor Embassy, which limited resources for development and spares.[23] A significant milestone was the debut of the team's in-house designed Hill GH1 chassis at the Spanish Grand Prix, signaling Embassy Hill's push toward full constructor status after relying on customer cars in prior years.[23] Designed by Andy Smallman, the GH1 offered improved reliability over the previous Lola-based entries, allowing for more consistent race participation, though mechanical issues and accidents hampered overall consistency.[20] Early results included Hill's 10th-place finish in the Argentine Grand Prix and 12th in Brazil.[24][25] Key highlights included Brise's sixth-place finish at the Swedish Grand Prix at Anderstorp, earning the team's first point of the year and demonstrating the GH1's potential on a demanding circuit. Jones delivered Embassy Hill's best result with fifth place at the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring, securing two points in a chaotic race marked by rain and retirements, while also marking his personal breakthrough in Formula One.[26] These performances, combined with Brise's strong qualifying efforts—such as sixth on the grid for the Italian Grand Prix—underscored the team's progress, though retirements like Stommelen's high-speed crash in Spain limited further gains.[20] As the season progressed, Brise's consistent showings built momentum, with finishes including seventh places in the Dutch and French Grands Prix, positioning him as a cornerstone for future success.[22] Embassy Hill concluded the year at the United States Grand Prix, where the team's resolve was evident despite ongoing financial strains. Looking ahead, plans for 1976 expansion included Brise leading the squad in the new GH2 chassis, with testing showing promise and ambitions for regular points finishes, though sponsor constraints loomed as a hurdle.[21][27]Chassis Development
Shadow DN1 and Lola Chassis
In 1973, Embassy Hill entered Formula One as a customer team, acquiring a Shadow DN1 chassis sourced directly from the Shadow factory as a privateer kit.[28] The DN1 featured a sheet aluminum monocoque chassis designed by Tony Southgate, with the Ford Cosworth DFV V8 engine serving as a fully stressed rear member, producing approximately 460 horsepower.[29] Suspension consisted of double wishbones at the front with coil springs over dampers and an anti-roll bar, while the rear used a similar setup with inboard brakes.[29] The team assembled the car at Maurice Gomm's workshops in Surrey, handling all maintenance and minor upgrades in-house to adapt it for racing.[1] The DN1's reliability proved a significant limitation for Embassy Hill, plagued by vibration issues and mechanical failures that frequently sidelined the car during races.[28] These problems contributed to the team's inability to score points in 1973, with Graham Hill often struggling at the back of the grid compared to the works Shadow entries.[28] Despite its quick potential in qualifying when running reliably, the chassis's developmental shortcomings highlighted the challenges of relying on a customer design without substantial factory support.[30] For the 1974 season, Embassy Hill transitioned to the Lola T370, a customer chassis commissioned from Lola Cars and based on their successful Formula 5000 T332 platform.[15] Like the DN1, it employed a Ford Cosworth DFV V8 engine and a broad, flat-topped aluminum monocoque tub, but incorporated 1974 safety regulations with deformable fuel tank structures.[15] Suspension was independent all around, featuring outboard coil-over dampers at the front and parallel links with a radius arm at the rear, paired with a Hewland FG400 five-speed transmission.[31] The team again managed assembly, maintenance, and minor revisions at their Surrey base, sourcing components directly from Lola to address the previous year's shortcomings.[1] The T370 offered improved handling over the DN1, with a more stable wedge-shaped nose and conventional aerodynamics that provided better balance in mid-field qualifying sessions.[9] Rolf Stommelen, for instance, achieved 11th on the grid in Canada and 13th in Austria, outqualifying Hill in several events and demonstrating a slight edge in outright speed.[9] However, by mid-season, the design's overweight construction and lack of advanced aerodynamic refinements—such as emerging ground-effect concepts—left it outdated against top teams, though its enhanced reliability allowed Embassy Hill to secure their first point with Hill's sixth place in Sweden.[9] Overall, the T370 marked a step forward from the DN1's frequent retirements, enabling more consistent race participation despite persistent midfield limitations.[1]Hill GH1
The Hill GH1 represented Embassy Hill's first proprietary Formula One chassis, developed as an evolution of the Lola T371 customer car used earlier in the 1975 season. Designed primarily by Andy Smallman, who had previously worked at Lola Cars, the project was overseen by team principal Graham Hill and involved modifications to the existing Lola T371 tub to create a more customized structure. The development process began in late 1974, with the chassis constructed by TC Prototypes using a conventional aluminum monocoque layout, where the engine served as a stressed member. This approach allowed the team to transition from reliance on external suppliers to in-house innovation, aiming to enhance competitiveness amid financial constraints.[23][32] Key features of the GH1 included a revised front and rear suspension setup derived from the Lola design, featuring double wishbones with coil springs over dampers and an anti-roll bar at the front. The car was powered by the standard Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0-liter V8 engine, producing approximately 460 horsepower, coupled to a Hewland FGA400 five-speed gearbox. Additional elements, such as a sharp nose cone, tall airbox for engine cooling, and a twin-element rear wing supported by carbon fiber struts, were incorporated to optimize aerodynamics, though the latter proved problematic due to structural failures. The overall design emphasized a lighter weight compared to the Lola predecessor, with angled tub sides and repositioned components for better weight distribution.[23][32] The GH1 made its debut as the renamed Hill chassis at the 1975 Spanish Grand Prix at Montjuïc, where it was driven by Rolf Stommelen, marking the team's official shift to self-built hardware following the amicable split from Lola in April 1975. Over the course of the season, the car appeared in 12 World Championship Grands Prix, with 21 total entries shared among drivers including Graham Hill, Stommelen, Tony Brise, and Alan Jones. Performance was mixed, showing midfield potential in qualifying—such as 7th place in Belgium and 6th in Italy—but hampered by reliability issues, notably the carbon fiber rear wing supports that contributed to a fatal accident at the Spanish GP. The chassis demonstrated strengths in cornering stability and wet conditions, as evidenced by competitive practice times at Brands Hatch, yet struggled with consistency in dry races.[23][32] Embassy Hill produced four GH1 chassis in total (GH1/1 through GH1/4), though only two were raced extensively during the season, with ongoing modifications to address handling and aerodynamic shortcomings. Tweaks included adjustments to suspension geometry for better driver feedback, particularly benefiting Brise's aggressive style in later races and Jones's brief stint, where he secured a 5th-place finish in Germany. Despite these efforts, the GH1's development was curtailed by the team's resources, yielding just three championship points overall. Only two chassis survive today, underscoring the project's limited but pioneering role in the team's brief history.[32][20]Hill GH2
The Hill GH2 served as the planned successor to the Hill GH1, designed specifically for Embassy Hill's entry into the 1976 Formula One season. Crafted as the team's first fully in-house chassis by designer Andy Smallman, it aimed to build on prior experiences with modified Lola chassis by introducing more advanced engineering to elevate the team's competitiveness against established rivals.[27][1] Construction commenced in late 1975 at the Embassy Hill facility in Feltham, England, where a single prototype was assembled and fitted with a 3-liter Cosworth DFV V8 engine paired to a Hewland FG400 gearbox. The design incorporated a trapeziform monocoque tub with a shallow profile, pinched around the driver's knees to optimize fuel tank capacity, and featured sidepods that enhanced ground-effect aerodynamics for improved downforce and reduced air resistance.[27][33][1] These aerodynamic refinements, including a flat nose inspired by the Lotus 72 and a slim cockpit cover borrowed conceptually from the Hesketh 308C, were intended to yield better overall efficiency, enabling sustained performance over extended race durations. Initial testing of the prototype, conducted by driver Tony Brise at venues such as Silverstone and Paul Ricard through November 1975, produced encouraging lap times that suggested potential for mid-field contention.[27][33] The GH2's development halted abruptly with the end of Embassy Hill's operations, leaving it unraced and unproven in competition. The prototype endures as a poignant artifact of the team's forward-looking ambitions, preserved at the National Motor Museum in Beaulieu, United Kingdom, where it occasionally appears at historic motorsport events to illustrate the era's innovative chassis evolution.[1][27]Demise and Aftermath
The 1975 Plane Crash
On the evening of 29 November 1975, Graham Hill was piloting a Piper PA-23 Aztec aircraft, registration N6645Y, which crashed into trees on the Arkley golf course near Barnet in Hertfordshire, England, approximately 12 miles north of London.[34][4] The twin-engine light aircraft had departed from Le Castellet Airport near the Paul Ricard Circuit in southern France earlier that day, with an intermediate stop at Lyon-Satolas Airport for refueling, en route to Elstree Aerodrome.[35] The flight's purpose was to return members of the Embassy Hill Formula One team after testing the new Hill GH2 chassis in preparation for the 1976 season.[36] All six occupants were killed instantly in the impact and subsequent fire, which reduced the wreckage to a burned-out shell.[37] The victims included Hill himself, the 46-year-old team owner and two-time world champion; Tony Brise, the 23-year-old rising driver; Ray Brimble, the team manager; designer Andy Smallman and mechanic Terry Richards; and Tony Alcock, a representative from sponsor Embassy.[34] Thick fog prevailed in the area, limiting visibility to around 50-100 meters, with conditions worsening during the night approach to Elstree.[4] Witnesses reported hearing the low-flying aircraft around 21:30 hours before a muffled explosion and seeing a flash through the fog; the plane struck trees while attempting an instrument landing approach, short of the runway.[35] Emergency services, including police and ambulances, were alerted shortly after 21:45 hours following reports to Elstree air traffic control of a possible accident.[35] However, the dense fog hampered response efforts, delaying access to the remote crash site on the golf course; by the time responders arrived around 22:00 hours, the fire had intensified, and no survivors were found.[4] Identification of the victims was complicated by severe burns, relying initially on documents like Hill's driver's license recovered from the scene; formal confirmation came via dental records and personal effects.[37] The official investigation by the UK's Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB) concluded that both engines were producing power at impact, with no evidence of pre-crash mechanical malfunction or failure.[35] Propeller damage indicated the blades were under load, ruling out fuel exhaustion or engine issues as primary causes. The aircraft's maintenance history showed it was compliant with required inspections, though it retained its original U.S. registration despite being based in the UK.[35] At the subsequent inquest in 1976, the coroner determined the plane was flying at only 60 feet (18 meters) above the ground when it clipped the trees, with Hill unaware of the low altitude due to the obscured visibility; verdicts of accidental death (misadventure) were recorded for all six victims.[4] The primary contributing factor was identified as the adverse weather conditions combined with the challenges of the instrument approach in fog.[35]Team Dissolution and Legacy
Following the tragic plane crash on November 29, 1975, which claimed the lives of team principal Graham Hill, driver Tony Brise, designer Andy Smallman, and three other key staff members, Embassy Hill ceased operations immediately, marking the abrupt end of its Formula One endeavors.[1] The team's assets were liquidated without delay to settle estates and debts; much of the equipment and spare parts were acquired by the newly formed Walter Wolf Racing team, while the unfinished Hill GH2 chassis—the prototype intended for the 1976 season—was donated to the National Motor Museum at Beaulieu for preservation.[22] Surviving Hill GH1 chassis fared variably: one example remains in private ownership and has appeared in historic racing events, underscoring the team's brief but tangible mechanical legacy.[20] The impact on personnel was profound, with the surviving mechanics and support staff dispersing across the Formula One paddock to teams such as McLaren and March, carrying forward expertise gained under Hill's independent operation.[22] Sponsorship ties with Imperial Tobacco's Embassy brand, which had provided crucial funding since the team's inception, dissolved entirely post-crash, as the partnership was inextricably linked to Graham Hill's personal involvement and the brand's visibility through his celebrity.[27] This dispersal not only fragmented the core group but also highlighted the fragility of small-scale operations reliant on individual leadership. Embassy Hill's legacy endures as a symbol of the 1970s privateer teams' bold ambitions amid escalating costs that favored factory-backed squads, with the team achieving just four points across three seasons—scored via Graham Hill's sixth place in the 1974 Swedish Grand Prix, Tony Brise's sixth in 1975 Sweden, and Alan Jones's fifth in the 1975 German Grand Prix—despite approximately 41 World Championship entries.[1] It paved the way for familial continuity in the sport, most notably through Graham's son Damon Hill, who later won the 1996 Drivers' Championship and symbolically drove the restored GH2 at Silverstone in 1987, bridging generations of racing heritage.[22] Historically, the team's demise exemplified the vulnerabilities of independent outfits, where personal risks and limited resources amplified the perils of the era.[38]Formula One Results
World Championship Results
Embassy Hill entered the Formula One World Championship in 1973 as a privateer team using customer Shadow chassis, transitioning to Lola customer cars in 1974 before developing its own GH1 in 1975. Over three seasons, the team made 56 starts across 57 race entries, scoring a total of 4 points with no podium finishes or pole positions achieved. Retirements were frequent, primarily due to mechanical issues such as engine failures, suspension problems, and gearbox troubles.[39][40][41][42][43]1973 Season
In its debut year, Embassy Hill ran the Shadow DN1 chassis powered by a Ford Cosworth DFV V8 engine, with Graham Hill as the sole driver across all 12 races entered and started. The team scored no points, with Hill's best finish a 9th place in Belgium. Qualifying ranged from 16th to 27th, and there were 5 retirements, including a suspension failure in Monaco that resulted in a crash.[39]| Race | Driver | Chassis | Qualifying | Finishing Position | Notes/Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spanish GP | Graham Hill | Shadow DN1 | 22nd | DNF | Brakes / 0 |
| Belgian GP | Graham Hill | Shadow DN1 | 23rd | 9th | / 0 |
| Monaco GP | Graham Hill | Shadow DN1 | 25th | DNF | Suspension (crash) / 0 |
| Swedish GP | Graham Hill | Shadow DN1 | 18th | DNF | Ignition / 0 |
| French GP | Graham Hill | Shadow DN1 | 16th | 10th | / 0 |
| British GP | Graham Hill | Shadow DN1 | 27th | DNF | Chassis / 0 |
| Dutch GP | Graham Hill | Shadow DN1 | 17th | NC | / 0 |
| German GP | Graham Hill | Shadow DN1 | 21st | 13th | / 0 |
| Austrian GP | Graham Hill | Shadow DN1 | 22nd | DNF | Suspension / 0 |
| Italian GP | Graham Hill | Shadow DN1 | 22nd | 14th | / 0 |
| Canadian GP | Graham Hill | Shadow DN1 | 17th | 16th | / 0 |
| United States GP | Graham Hill | Shadow DN1 | 19th | 13th | / 0 |
1974 Season
The team switched to the Lola T370 chassis with Ford Cosworth DFV V8 power, fielding up to two cars in several events with drivers Graham Hill (15 starts), Guy Edwards (7 starts), and Rolf Stommelen (4 starts). Across 15 races with 25 starts, the team earned 1 point from Hill's 6th place in Sweden, its best result of the season. Qualifying highs included 11th (Stommelen, Canada), with 5 retirements mostly mechanical.[40][41][42][15]| Race | Driver(s) | Chassis | Qualifying | Finishing Position(s) | Notes/Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argentine GP | G. Hill, G. Edwards | Lola T370 | 17th, 25th | DNF, 11th | Engine (Hill) / 0 |
| Brazilian GP | G. Hill, G. Edwards | Lola T370 | 21st, 25th | 11th, DNF | Chassis (Edwards) / 0 |
| South African GP | G. Hill | Lola T370 | 18th | 12th | / 0 |
| Spanish GP | G. Hill | Lola T370 | 19th | DNF | Engine / 0 |
| Belgian GP | G. Hill, G. Edwards | Lola T370 | 29th, 21st | 8th, 12th | / 0 |
| Monaco GP | G. Hill, G. Edwards | Lola T370 | 21st, 26th | 7th, 8th | / 0 |
| Swedish GP | G. Hill, G. Edwards | Lola T370 | 15th, 18th | 6th, 7th | Best finish (Hill) / 1 |
| Dutch GP | G. Hill, G. Edwards | Lola T370 | 19th, 14th | DNF, DNF | Gearbox (Hill), Fuel (Edwards) / 0 |
| French GP | G. Hill, G. Edwards | Lola T370 | 21st, 20th | 13th, 15th | / 0 |
| British GP | G. Hill | Lola T370 | 22nd | 13th | / 0 |
| German GP | G. Hill | Lola T370 | 19th | 9th | / 0 |
| Austrian GP | G. Hill, R. Stommelen | Lola T370 | 21st, 13th | 12th, DNF | Accident (Stommelen) / 0 |
| Italian GP | G. Hill, R. Stommelen | Lola T370 | 21st, 14th | 8th, DNF | Suspension (Stommelen) / 0 |
| Canadian GP | G. Hill, R. Stommelen | Lola T370 | 20th, 11th | 14th, 11th | / 0 |
| United States GP | G. Hill, R. Stommelen | Lola T370 | 24th, 21th | 8th, 12th | / 0 |
1975 Season
Embassy Hill primarily used the Lola T370 and T371 chassis early in the season, introducing the in-house GH1 later, with Ford Cosworth DFV V8 engines. Drivers included Tony Brise (10 starts), Alan Jones (4 starts), Graham Hill (0 starts after DNQ), Rolf Stommelen (3 starts), François Migault (2 starts), and Vern Schuppan (1 start). The team entered 11 races with 19 starts, scoring 3 points: 1 from Brise's 6th in Sweden and 2 from Jones's 5th in Germany, its best results. Qualifying peaked at 6th (Brise, Italy), with 9 retirements mainly mechanical; the team skipped the first three races.[43][15]| Race | Driver(s) | Chassis | Qualifying | Finishing Position(s) | Notes/Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spanish GP | R. Stommelen, F. Migault | Lola T370 | 9th, 22nd | DNF, NC | / 0 |
| Monaco GP | G. Hill | GH1 | 21st | DNQ | / 0 |
| Belgian GP | F. Migault, T. Brise | Lola T371/GH1 | 22nd, 7th | DNF, DNF | / 0 |
| Swedish GP | T. Brise, V. Schuppan | GH1 | 17th, 26th | 6th, DNF | 1 point (Brise) / 1 |
| Dutch GP | T. Brise, A. Jones | GH1 | 7th, 17th | 7th, 13th | / 0 |
| French GP | T. Brise, A. Jones | GH1 | 12th, 20th | 7th, 16th | / 0 |
| British GP | A. Jones, T. Brise | GH1 | 20th, 13th | 10th, 15th | / 0 |
| German GP | A. Jones, T. Brise | GH1 | 21st, 17th | 5th, DNF | 2 points (Jones) / 2 |
| Austrian GP | T. Brise, R. Stommelen | GH1 | 16th, 25th | 15th, 16th | / 0 |
| Italian GP | R. Stommelen, T. Brise | GH1 | 23rd, 6th | DNF, DNF | / 0 |
| United States GP | T. Brise | GH1 | 17th | DNF | / 0 |
Non-Championship Results
Embassy Hill's involvement in Formula One non-championship races was minimal, with the team entering just three such events between 1974 and 1975 to provide testing opportunities and visibility for its developing chassis, particularly as a privateer outfit seeking to evaluate performance outside the high-stakes World Championship calendar.[44] These invitational races, held early in the season at British circuits, served lower-priority roles for the team compared to its championship campaigns, often functioning as shakedowns for new customer chassis like the Lola T370 to refine setups before Grands Prix.[45] The team's debut non-championship outing came at the 1974 Race of Champions at Brands Hatch, where Graham Hill piloted the Lola T370 but was not classified after completing 30 of 40 laps, likely due to mechanical issues preventing a finish among the leaders.[46] Just a month later, at the 1974 BRDC International Trophy at Silverstone, Hill again drove the Lola T370 but retired on lap 35 following an accident, marking another unremarkable result in an event won by James Hunt.[47] Embassy Hill's final non-championship appearance was the 1975 BRDC International Trophy at Silverstone, with Hill at the wheel of the in-house Hill GH1; he completed 39 of 40 laps to secure 11th place, the team's best—but still modest—showing in these supplementary races.[48]| Year | Event | Driver | Chassis | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1974 | Race of Champions (Brands Hatch) | Graham Hill | Lola T370 | NC (30 laps)[46] |
| 1974 | BRDC International Trophy (Silverstone) | Graham Hill | Lola T370 | DNF (accident, lap 35)[47] |
| 1975 | BRDC International Trophy (Silverstone) | Graham Hill | Hill GH1 | 11th (39 laps)[48] |
