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Silverstone Circuit
Silverstone Circuit
from Wikipedia

Silverstone Circuit is a motor racing circuit in England, near the Northamptonshire villages of Silverstone and Whittlebury. It is the home of the British Grand Prix, which it first hosted as the 1948 British Grand Prix. The 1950 British Grand Prix at Silverstone was the first race in the newly created World Championship of Drivers. The race rotated between Silverstone, Aintree and Brands Hatch from 1955 to 1986, but settled permanently at the Silverstone track in 1987. The circuit also hosts the British round of the MotoGP series.

Key Information

Circuit

[edit]
Satellite view of the circuit in 2018

The Silverstone circuit is on the site of a Royal Air Force bomber station, RAF Silverstone, which was operational between 1943 and 1946.[4] The station was the base for the No. 17 Operational Training Unit. The airfield's three runways, in classic WWII triangle format, lie within the outline of the present track.

The circuit straddles the Northamptonshire and Buckinghamshire border and is accessed from the nearby A43. The Northamptonshire towns of Towcester (5 miles (8.0 km)) and Brackley (7 miles (11 km)) and the town of Buckingham, (situated in Buckinghamshire) (6 miles (9.7 km)) are close by, and the nearest city is Milton Keynes, the home of Formula One team Red Bull Racing. Many F1 teams have bases in the UK, but Aston Martin (formerly Force India) is the closest to the track, with a new base having just been built under a kilometre from the race circuit.

Silverstone was first used for motorsport by an ad hoc group of friends who set up an impromptu race in September 1947. One of their members, Maurice Geoghegan, lived in nearby Silverstone village and was aware that the airfield was deserted. He and eleven other drivers raced over a 2-mile (3.2 km) circuit, during the course of which Geoghegan himself ran over a sheep that had wandered onto the airfield. The sheep was killed and the car was written off, and in the aftermath of this event the informal race became known as the Mutton Grand Prix.[5]

The next year the Royal Automobile Club took a lease on the airfield and set out a more formal racing circuit. Their first two races were held on the runways themselves, with long straights separated by tight hairpin corners, the track demarcated by hay bales. However, for the 1949 International Trophy meeting, it was decided to switch to the perimeter track. This arrangement was used for the 1950 and 1951 Grands Prix. In 1952 the start line was moved from the Farm Straight to the straight linking the Woodcote and Copse corners, and this layout remained largely unaltered for the following 38 years. For the 1975 meeting a chicane was introduced to try to tame speeds through Woodcote (although motorbikes would still use the circuit without the chicane up until 1986), and Bridge corner was subtly rerouted in 1987.

The track underwent a major redesign between the 1990 and 1991 races, transforming the ultra-fast track (where, in its last years, fourth or fifth gear, depending on the transmission of the car, was used for every corner except the Bridge chicane which was usually taken in second gear) into a more technical track. The reshaped track's first Formula One race was won by Nigel Mansell in front of his home crowd. On his victory lap back to the pits Mansell picked up stranded rival Ayrton Senna to give him a lift on his side-pod after his McLaren had run out of fuel on the final lap of the race.

Following the deaths of Senna and fellow Grand Prix driver Roland Ratzenberger at Imola in 1994, many Grand Prix circuits were modified in order to reduce speed and increase driver safety. As a consequence of this the entry from Hangar Straight into Stowe was modified in 1995 to improve the run off area. In addition, the flat-out Abbey kink was modified to a chicane in just 19 days ready for the 1994 Grand Prix. Parts of the circuit, such as the starting grid, are 17 m (19 yd) wide, complying with the latest safety guidelines.[6]

History

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1940s

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With the termination of hostilities in Europe in 1945, the first motorsport event in the British Isles was held at Gransden Lodge in 1946 and the next on the Isle of Man, but there was nowhere permanent on the mainland which was suitable.[7]

In 1948, Royal Automobile Club (RAC), under the chairmanship of Wilfred Andrews, set its mind upon running a Grand Prix and started to cast around public roads on the mainland. There was no possibility of closing the public highway as could happen on the Isle of Man, or the Channel Islands; it was a time of austerity and there was no question of building a new circuit from scratch, so some viable alternative had to be found.[7]

A considerable number of ex-RAF airfields existed, and it was to these the RAC turned their attention to with particular interest being paid to two near the centre of England – Snitterfield near Stratford-upon-Avon and one behind the village of Silverstone. The latter was still under the control of the Air Ministry, but a lease was arranged in August 1948 and plans put into place to run the first British Grand Prix since the RAC last ran one at Brooklands in 1927 (those held at Donington Park in the late 1930s had the title of 'Donington Grand Prix').[7]

In August 1948, Andrews employed James Brown on a three-month contract to create the Grand Prix circuit in less than two months.[8] Nearly 40 years later, Brown died while still employed by the circuit.[7]

Despite possible concerns about the weather, the 1948 British Grand Prix began at Silverstone on Thursday 30 September 1948. The race took place on 2 October.[7] The new circuit was marked out with oil drums and straw bales and consisted of the perimeter road and the runways running into the centre of the airfield from two directions. Spectators were contained behind rope barriers and the officials were housed in tents. An estimated 100,000 spectators watched the race.[7]

There were no factory entries but Scuderia Ambrosiana sent two Maserati 4CLT/48s for Luigi Villoresi and Alberto Ascari who finished in that order (notwithstanding having started from the back of the grid of 25 cars) ahead of Bob Gerard in his ERA R14B/C. The race was 239 miles (385 km) long and was run at an average speed of 72.28 mph (116.32 km/h). Fourth place went to Louis Rosier's Talbot-Lago T26, followed home by Prince Bira in another Maserati 4CLT/48.[7][9]

The second Grand Prix at Silverstone was scheduled for May 1949 and was officially designated the British Grand Prix. It was to use the full perimeter track with a chicane inserted at Club. The length of the second circuit was exactly three miles and the race run over 100 laps, making it the longest post-war Grand Prix held in England. There were again 25 starters and victory went to a 'San Remo' Maserati 4CLT/48, this time in the hands of Toulo de Graffenried, from Bob Gerard in his familiar ERA and Louis Rosier in a 4½-litre Talbot-Lago. The race average speed had risen to 77.31 mph (124.42 km/h). The attendance was estimated at anything up to 120,000.[7][10]

Also in 1949, the first running took place of what was to become an institution at Silverstone, the International Trophy sponsored by the Daily Express and which become virtually a second Grand Prix. The first International Trophy was run on 20 August in two heats and a final. Victory in heat one went to Bira and the second to Giuseppe Farina – both driving Maserati 4CLT/48s, but the final went to a Ferrari Tipo 125 driven by Ascari from Farina, with Villoresi third in another Ferrari. For this meeting, the chicane at Club was dispensed with and the circuit took up a shape that was to last for 25 years.[7][11][12]

1950s

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The 1950 British Grand Prix was a significant occasion for three reasons: it was the first ever World Championship Grand Prix, carrying the title of the European Grand Prix; it was the first race in the newly created World Championship of Drivers;[13][14] and the event was held in the presence of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth – the first and only time a reigning monarch has attended a motor race in Britain.[7][15]

The year was the institution of the World Championship for Driver, and Silverstone witnessed the first time that Alfa Romeo 158 'Alfettas' had been seen in England, and they took the first three places in the hands of Giuseppe Farina, Luigi Fagioli and Reg Parnell, with the race average having increased to 90.96 mph (146.39 km/h); however the race distance had been reduced to 205 miles (330 km).[7][15]

1951 was memorable for it saw the defeat of the Alfas, with victory going to José Froilán González driving the Ferrari 375. His fellow countryman Juan Manuel Fangio was second in an Alfa Romeo 159B, and Luigi Villoresi in another Ferrari 375 was third. The race distance had increased to 263 miles (423 km), and the race average speed was now 96.11 mph (154.67 km/h).[7][15]

1951 also saw the British Racing Drivers' Club (BRDC) take over the lease from the RAC, and set about making the circuit into something more permanent.[15]

The International Trophy attracted the cream of Formula One, including the seemingly invincible Alfas, driven by Fangio and Farina. However, the weather worsened for the final and visibility was almost nil, and in those conditions the Alfettas with their supercharged engines were at a distinct disadvantage. When the race was abandoned after only six laps, Parnell was in the lead in the "Thinwall Special"; no official winner was declared.[7]

In 1952, the RAC decided it no longer wished to run the circuit, and on 1 January the lease was taken on by the BRDC, with James Brown continuing as track manager. The lease covered only the perimeter track and other areas at specific times. The original pits between Abbey and Woodcote were demolished, and new pit facilities were constructed between Woodcote and Copse. Coinciding with the BRDC taking over the running of the Grand Prix, there was a little unrest within the sport which led to the downgrading of Grand Prix racing to Formula Two, which was won by Alberto Ascari at 90.9 mph (146.3 km/h) from his Ferrari teammate Piero Taruffi – both driving the Tipo 500. The podium was completed by Mike Hawthorn driving a Cooper-Bristol T12.[7]

The International Trophy was notable in 1952, in that it saw a rare victory for Hersham and Walton Motors when Lance Macklin had a win.[7]

The same situation continued into 1953 with the World Championship being run for Formula Two cars. The race was a straight fight between the Maserati and Ferrari teams, with victory going to Ascari at 92.9 mph (149.5 km/h) aboard a Ferrari Tipo 500, from the Maserati A6GCM of Fangio and another Tipo 500 of Farina. The racecard included a Formula Libre race which put the Grand Prix into perspective; Farina drove the Thinwall Special to victory at a higher speed than the actual GP, setting the first lap record at over 100 mph (160 km/h), at 100.16 mph (161.19 km/h).[7]

The 1954 Grand Prix season was the new 2.5-litre Formula One and had attracted interest from some major players. Lancia had joined the fray with their D50, and Daimler-Benz were back; the appearance of Lancia meant that there were three Italian teams competing at the highest level, the others being Ferrari and Maserati. The British were catered for by the Owen Racing Organisation with their BRMs, the Vanwall of Tony Vandervell and Connaught still competing, while Cooper-Bristol were not to be forgotten. At the start of the season, Mercedes-Benz had swept all before them, but Silverstone was a débâcle for the team, which returned to Untertürkheim in defeat. The 263 miles (423 km) race was won by Froilán González from Hawthorn in the works 625s, with Onofre Marimón third in the works Maserati 250F. The best Mercedes driver was pole-man Fangio in his W196.[7]

From 1955, the Grand Prix was alternated between Aintree and Silverstone, until 1964 when Brands Hatch took over as the alternative venue.[15]

By the time the Grand Prix returned to Silverstone in 1956, Mercedes-Benz had gone, as had Lancia as an independent entrant, the cars having been handed to Scuderia Ferrari, who ran them as 'Lancia-Ferraris'. The great Fangio scored his only British Grand Prix win in one of these cars. Second was another Lancia-Ferrari which had started the race in the hands of Alfonso de Portago, but was taken over by Peter Collins at half-distance and third place was Jean Behra in a Maserati 250F.[7]

Matters were somewhat happier for the British enthusiast at the International Trophy; a quality field had been attracted including Fangio and Collins in their Lancia-Ferraris, but the 13 laps of the race were led by the new BRM P25 driven by Hawthorn. When the engine of the BRM expired, Stirling Moss in the Vanwall took over, going on to win. With the Lancias broken by the Brit, the rest of the podium was taken by the Connaughts of Archie Scott Brown and Desmond Titterington.[7]

For 1958 drastic rule changes were introduced into Formula One, Fangio had retired and Maserati had withdrawn due to financial difficulties. Throughout the season the battle was between Ferrari and Vanwall and it was fervently hoped that Vandervell would success at home but it was not to be; the green cars fell apart, Stuart Lewis-Evans the best placed finisher in fourth. Victory went to Collins from Hawthorn, both driving Ferrari Dino 246s. The crowd of 120,000 witnessed a trio of British drivers on the podium with Roy Salvadori coming home third in one of John Cooper's Coventry-Climax rear-engined powered cars.[7]

1960s

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Piers Courage on his way to 5th place in the 1969 British Grand Prix, aboard Frank Williams Racing Cars's Brabham-Cosworth BT26A

At the British Grand Prix of 1960, the front-engined cars were completely outclassed, the podium going to the Coventry-Climax–powered cars, with victory going to Jack Brabham in the works Cooper T53 from John Surtees and Innes Ireland in their Lotus 18s. Although the race is remembered as the race lost by Graham Hill, rather than won by Brabham. Hill stalled his BRM on the grid, left the line in last place, then proceeded to carve through the whole field. Once in the lead, the BRM was troubled by fading brakes which led to Hill spinning off at Copse.[7][16]

1961 was the year of the new 1.5 litre Formula One introduced by the governing body on safety grounds – it met with strong opposition in Britain which gave birth to the short-lived Intercontinental Formula, which extended the life of the now-obsolete Formula One cars. The International Trophy was run to this Formula and produced a notable first and last – the first and only appearance of the American Scarab and the last appearance of the Vanwall, in the hands of Surtees. The race was wet and Moss demonstrated his supreme prowess in Rob Walker's Cooper by lapping all but Brabham twice.[7]

In 1962, the second year of the Formula, the International Trophy was run for the 1.5 litre cars. This was the classic occasion when Hill in the BRM crossed the finishing line almost sideways to snatch victory from Jim Clark's Lotus 24; both drivers were credited with the same race time.[7][16]

Clark was to win the British Grand Prix when it returned to Silverstone in 1963, driving the Lotus-Climax 25. By now, even Ferrari had succumbed to the rear-engined layout, but sent only one to Northamptonshire for Surtees (Ferrari 156). He finished second, ahead of three BRM P57's of Hill, Richie Ginther and Lorenzo Bandini.[7][16]

For the 1965 season, BRM had taken a chance and signed Jackie Stewart straight from Formula Three; the International Trophy was only his fourth Formula One race, but despite this he won handsomely from Surtees in the Ferrari. When the Formula One returned for the British Grand Prix later that year, Stewart finished a creditable fifth. Fellow Scot, Clark won the race in his Lotus-Climax 33 from the BRM P261 of Hill and the Ferrari of Surtees.[7]

The following year, the new 3-litre Formula One was heralded as the Return of Power, however the first Grand Prix under these regulations was held at Brands Hatch. It was not until 1967 that the big-engined cars came to Northamptonshire. The result remained unchanged, with Clark winning in the Lotus-Cosworth 49 at a race average speed of 117.6 mph (189.3 km/h). Second was Kiwi Denny Hulme aboard the Brabham-Repco, from the Ferrari 312 of his fellow countrymen Chris Amon.[7]

There was a frightening increase in race average speed in 1969, for it rose by 10 mph (16 km/h), to 127.2 mph (204.7 km/h) when Stewart won in his Matra-Cosworth MS80 from Jacky Ickx (Brabham-Cosworth BT26) and Bruce McLaren driving one of his own Cosworth-powered M7Cs.[7]

1970s

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Niki Lauda taking the Ferrari 312T through Maggotts Copse during 1975 John Player Grand Prix, Silverstone

By 1971, the 3-litre era was now into its fifth season; it was also the year when sponsorship came to the fore. Ken Tyrrell became a constructor and Jackie Stewart won at Silverstone driving the Tyrrell 003 on his way to a second World Championship. Ronnie Peterson was second in March 711 from Emerson Fittipaldi in Lotus 72D; all were Cosworth-powered in what fast becoming Formula Super Ford; the race average was 130.5 mph (210.0 km/h).[7]

1973 was the year that Jody Scheckter lost control of his McLaren at the completion of the first lap, spinning into the pit wall and setting in motion the biggest accident ever seen on a British motor racing circuit. The race was stopped on lap two and the carnage cleared away; it speaks highly for the construction of the cars that only one driver was injured. The race was won Scheckter's teammate, Peter Revson (McLaren M23-Cosworth) from Peterson (Lotus 72E) and Denny Hulme (McLaren M23). The race average speed had risen again to 131.75 mph (212.03 km/h).[7]

The 1973 débâcle wrought changes upon Silverstone as it was deemed necessary to slow these cars through Woodcote, therefore a chicane was inserted. "Formula Super Ford" reached its peak in 1975, when 26 of the 28 entries were Cosworth-powered, there being just two Ferraris to challenge them. Tom Pryce placed his Shadow DN5 on pole for the 1975 Grand Prix, but an accident destroyed his chances as the race was run in appalling weather and it was stopped at two-thirds distance, following multiple cars crashing on the very wet circuit. Victory went to Fittipaldi (McLaren M23) from Carlos Pace (Brabham BT44B) and Scheckter (Tyrrell 007).[7]

International motor racing at Silverstone is not concerned solely to Formula One however, and 1976 saw one of the closest finishes in endurance racing during the Silverstone Six-Hour race, which was a round of the World Championship for Makes. The series was almost a German benefit that season as the main contenders were the Porsche 935s and BMW 3-litre CSLs (common known as the 'Batmobiles'). Porsche had had the upper hand in the opening rounds of the series, but at Silverstone things were different. John Fitzpatrick and Tom Walkinshaw kept their BMW ahead to win by 197 yd (180 m) (1.18secs) from the Bob Wollek/Hans Heyer Porsche 935 Turbo. Third was a Porsche 934 Turbo in the hands of Leo Kinnunen and Egon Evertz.[7]

The 1977 British Grand Prix saw the beginning of a revolution in Formula One, for towards the back of the grid was the product of Règie Renault which was exploiting a rule in F1 regulations that allowed the use of 1.5-litre turbocharged engines. The Renault RS01 expired early in the race. Ulsterman John Watson had an early battle with James Hunt, but the fuel system in Watson's Brabham-Alfa Romeo let him down and the winner Hunt (McLaren M26) won at a speed of 130.36 mph (209.79 km/h), with Niki Lauda second for Ferrari from Gunnar Nilsson in a Lotus.[7]

Once the most prestigious race of the motorcycle calendar, the Isle of Man TT had been increasingly boycotted by the top riders, and finally succumbed to pressure and was dropped, being replaced by the British Motorcycle Grand Prix. 1977 marked the beginning of this era, and Silverstone was the chosen venue. It took place on 14 August, with Pat Hennen riding a Suzuki RG500 to victory from Steve Baker (Yamaha).[17]

The International Trophy attracted World Championship contenders for the last time in 1978 but the race witnessed the début of the epoch-making Lotus 79 in the hands of Mario Andretti. Such events as this gave the Formula One also-rans a chance to start, which they were normally denied in Grands Prix; two such were the Theodore and Fittipaldi. Keke Rosberg won the former in atrocious conditions from Fittipaldi in his namesake car.[7]

Jochen Mass (Martini Racing Porsche 935) during the 1976 Silverstone Six-Hours

14 May witnessed the running of the Silverstone Six-Hours, a round of the World Championship for Makes. A 3.2-litre Porsche 935 won in the hands of Jacky Ickx and Jochen Mass from a 3.0-litre version driven by Wollek and Henri Pescarolo; third and fourth were BMW 320s handled by Harald Grohs/Eddy Joosen and Freddy Kottulinsky/Markus Hotz. The race was run over 235 laps of the Grand Prix circuit to make a total of a little over 689 miles which the winning car covered at 114.914 mph (184.936 km/h).[7][18]

Come the 1979 Grand Prix and the passage of two years had made a great difference to the performance of the turbocharged Renaults; the car which qualified on the last row in 1977 was now on the front row beside Alan Jones in the Williams FW07. When Jones's Cosworth expired, his teammate Clay Regazzoni moved into the lead, going on to win from René Arnoux in the Renault RS10 with Jean-Pierre Jarier third in the Tyrrell 009. The winner's average speed was 138.80 mph (223.38 km/h).[7]

The 1979 British Motorcycle Grand Prix was again held at Silverstone and would be one of the closest races in the history of Motorcycle Grand Prix racing. The 1978 winner Kenny Roberts and the pair of works Suzuki riders, Barry Sheene and Wil Hartog broke away from the rest of the field. After a few laps, Hartog fell off the pace as Sheene and Roberts continued to swap the lead throughout the 28-lap event, the American winning for the second time ahead of Sheene by a narrow margin of just three-hundreds of a second.[19]

1980s

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John Watson's 1981 British Grand Prix race winning McLaren, during the 2011 Silverstone Classic meeting

In May 1980, sports cars returned in the form of the Silverstone Six-Hours, which was won by Alain de Cadenet driving a car bearing his own name, partnered by Desiré Wilson; the 235 laps (687 miles) being completed at 114.602 mph (184.434 km/h). The only other to complete the full race distance was the Siegfried Brunn/Jürgen Barth (Porsche 908/3), with a Porsche 935K Turbo driven by John Paul and Brian Redman third, a lap down.[7][20]

1981 saw the arrival of the one-one-one grid, staggered in two rows. The turbocharged era saw Renault occupying the front row of the grid, and turbo-engined Ferraris fourth and eighth. The Renaults dominated the race, but total reliability was still lacking and the victory went to John Watson in a McLaren MP4/1. Second place went to Carlos Reutemann in the Williams FW07C from the Talbot-Ligier JS17 of Jacques Laffite, a lap down; the race speed was down a little at 137.64 mph (221.51 km/h).[7]

For 1982, endurance sport car racing entered a rejuvenated phrase with the coming of Group C; the BRDC and l'Automobile Club de l'Ouest instituted a joint Silverstone/Le Mans Challenge Trophy. The trophy eventually went to Jacky Ickx and Derek Bell in a Porsche 956, but at Silverstone they could not make maximum use of the fuel allowance and victory went to the Lancia LC1 of Riccardo Patrese and Michele Alboreto. The winning car completed the 240 laps at a speed of 128.5 mph (206.8 km/h), with the second-place car three laps adrift, that of Ickx/Bell. The final podium place went to the Joest Racing Porsche 936C Turbo of Bob Wollek/Jean-Michel Martin/Philippe Martin.[7][21]

May 1983 saw the running of the Silverstone 1000 kilometres, which was a round of the newly instigated World Endurance Championship. Porsche dominated the event, taking the first five places, with Derek Bell and Stefan Bellof bringing their 956 home ahead of Wollek and Stefan Johansson in an identical car.[7]

In the 1983 British Grand Prix, the first Cosworth-powered car was in 13th place on the grid, all the cars ahead of it being powered by turbocharged engines. Fuel consumption of the turbos was heavy and refuelling mid-race had become necessary. With the ever-increasing power, speeds were continually on the up and in practice René Arnoux became the first person to lap the circuit in under 1:10.000 with a time of 1:09.462 in his Ferrari 126C3, a lap at over 150 mph (240 km/h). In the race, the lap record was raised to over 140 mph (230 km/h) by Frenchman Alain Prost, who won the race in the Renault RE40 at an average speed of 139.218 mph (224.050 km/h), from Nelson Piquet in the Brabham-BMW BT52B and Patrick Tambay in a Ferrari. Finishing fourth, also using Renault power, was the Lotus 94T of Nigel Mansell.[7][22]

The 1985 International Trophy, run on 24 March, was the inaugural event under the regulations for the new International Formula 3000. New Zealand driver Mike Thackwell won the International Trophy for the third time, and the first F3000 race in the process, driving a Ralt RT20 from John Nielsen in a similar car. Third place went a March 85B driven by Michel Ferté.[7]

Six weeks later, sports cars returned for the Silverstone 1000 km. Porsche cars took five of the top six placings in the shape of four 962Cs and a 956. The winners were the works pairing of Ickx/Mass from their teammates Bell and Hans-Joachim Stuck; third was the Lancia-Martini of Patrese and Alessandro Nannini.

Keke Rosberg driving the Williams FW10 at the 1985 German Grand Prix. Rosberg lapped Silverstone at over 160 mph (260 km/h), during qualifying for the 1985 British Grand Prix

The 1985 British Grand Prix saw Keke Rosberg in his 1,150 bhp (858 kW; 1,166 PS) Williams FW10-Honda set a qualifying lap at over 160 mph (260 km/h). Three others clocked an average lap speed of over 159 mph (256 km/h). Rosberg set his time despite a deflating rear tyre and the track still being slightly damp from earlier rain. The turbo era had reached its zenith, and while Prost put the lap record up to 150.035 mph (241.458 km/h), like most races of the era it was something of an economy run as the FIA had limited fuel capacities (220 litres per car per race). Prost went on the win in the race, in the McLaren MP4/2B, at an average of 146.246 mph (235.360 km/h) from the Ferrari 156/85 of Alboreto and the Ligier JS25 of Laffite.[7][22]

The International season opened on 13 April with the first round of the Intercontinental F3000 Championship. The first home was Pascal Fabré with a Lola T86/50 from Emanuele Pirro (March) and Nielsen (Ralt).[7]

In 1986, the Silverstone 1000 km run on 5 May was a round of the World Endurance Championship, which Silk Cut Jaguar (Tom Walkinshaw Racing) won. The Derek Warwick/Eddie Cheever XJR9 was the only car to complete the distance of 212 laps, at a speed of 129.05 mph (207.69 km/h). The Stuck/Bell Porsche 962C was two laps down in second place, with a 962C a further three laps adrift in the hands of Jo Gartner and Tiff Needell.[7]

Due to safety concerns over high speeds, by the time the Grand Prix returned in Silverstone in 1987, a new corner had been inserted before Woodcote. The first International meeting in 1987 was the initial round of the Intercontinental F3000 Championship on 12 April. The race was run at 103.96 mph (167.31 km/h), the winner being Maurício Gugelmin in a Ralt from Michel Trollé in a Lola and Roberto Moreno aboard another Ralt.[7]

In 1987, Jaguar won the Silverstone 1000 km, their fourth successive win in the World Sports Car Championship. The XJR8s took a one-two finish, with the car of Cheever and Raul Boesel winning ahead of Jan Lammers and Watson, with the Porsche 962C of Stuck and Bell third; these three crews covered the whole lap distance of 210 laps of the full GP circuit, the winning Jaguar averaging 123.42 mph (198.63 km/h).[7]

From the 1987 British Grand Prix onwards, the event was firmly established at Silverstone. The first two placings in 1987 were a repeat of the 1986 race at Brands Hatch, Mansell winning from his Williams-Honda teammate Piquet at 146.208 mph (235.299 km/h) and Ayrton Senna in the Lotus-Honda. Following a mid-race pit stop in a bid to cure a vibration in the car, Mansell found himself 29 seconds behind Piquet with 28 laps to go. He quickly cut Piquet's lead by more than a second per lap, until with five laps to go the gap was only 1.6 seconds. With two laps to go, Mansell slipstreamed Piquet down the Hangar Straight, jinked left and then dived right to pass Piquet into Stowe. To a tumultuous reception, Mansell went on to win the race.[7][22]

1987 saw the inaugural World Touring Car Championship arrive at Silverstone. Luis Pérez-Sala led the race until the penultimate lap, with a lead of nearly one minute, but then his Bigazzi-entered BMW M3 retired. He had not been sure that the car would start the race after Olivier Grouillard rolled it in practice. However, the Munich marque still took victory when the CiBiEmme Sport's M3 finished first, in the hands of Enzo Calderari and Fabio Mancini. The Schnitzer M3 of Roberto Ravaglia, Roland Ratzenberger and Pirro managed to finished second, ahead of the Alfa Romeo 75 Turbo of Giorgio Francia and Nicola Larini.[23]

The 1988 race was won at 124.142 mph (199.787 km/h), the dramatic reduction in race speed being due to heavy rain. Senna took victory in his McLaren from Mansell (Williams) and Nannini (Benetton).[7][22]

The 1988 Silverstone 1000 km saw Cheever take a hat-trick of victories for Jaguar, this time partnered by Martin Brundle. The XJR9 won at 128.02 mph (206.03 km/h) from the Sauber-Mercedes C9 driven by Jean-Louis Schlesser and Mass. The second Sauber driven by Mauro Baldi and James Weaver, was third, two laps down, while third on the road was the Porsche 962C of Bell and Needell which was disqualified for an oversize fuel tank.[7]

April 1989 saw the first round of the 1989 International F3000 Championship. Thomas Danielsson won at the wheel of a Reynard 89D, at a speed of 131.56 mph (211.73 km/h). Second by 0.5secs was Philippe Favre in a Lola T89/50 from Mark Blundell and Jean Alesi in Reynards.[7]

Mid-July is the traditional time for the British Grand Prix and on the 16th, over 90,000 spectators converged upon the circuit to see Prost score his 38th GP win in the McLaren-Honda MP4/5, at 143.694 mph (231.253 km/h). Mansell brought the Ferrari 640 into second place from Nannini's Benetton.

1990s

[edit]
Nigel Mansell gives Ayrton Senna a lift back to the pits on the side-pod of his Williams FW14.

The weekend of 19/20 May 1990 was a busy one at Silverstone, for on the Saturday, a round of the FIA F3000 Championship was run on the Grand Prix circuit, and on the Sunday the contenders in the World Sports-Prototype Championship had their turn. In the F3000 race, Scotland's Allan McNish led Érik Comas home from Marco Apicella. The first two were Lola T90/50 mounted, while the third-placed car was a Reynard 90D. The sports cars again ran over 300 miles, contesting the Shell BRDC Empire Trophy. The first three places went to British cars, with Jaguar first and second from a Spice-Cosworth in the hands of Fermín Vélez and Bruno Giacomelli. The winning Jaguar XJR11 of Martin Brundle and Michel Ferté was the only to run the full distance of 101 laps, lapping even the second-placed XJR11 of Jan Lammers and Andy Wallace.[7]

And so to July, and the British Grand Prix. Once again, it was over 190 miles (310 km) and was won at 145.253 mph (233.762 km/h). Alain Prost was now driving for Ferrari and his victory was rounded by Thierry Boutsen in the Williams in second, and Ayrton Senna's McLaren in third.[7]

After the Grand Prix, it had already been decided to extensively redesign Silverstone's layout. Nearly every part of Silverstone (except Copse, Abbey and all of the straights, save the Farm Straight) was redesigned. The ultra-high speed Club and Stowe corners were made slower and a chicane was placed before Club. Maggotts, Becketts and Chapel were re-designed as very fast snaky esses that proved to be even more challenging than the original series of corners – the considerable amount of lateral acceleration change from side to side became the highlighted challenge of the new circuit. A new twisty infield section called Luffield was created in place of the Farm Straight and the Bridge chicane. Despite these alterations, the Grand Prix and World Sportscar circuses both very much approved of the new layout: Silverstone was still fast, which is what it has always been known for.

When the Group C cars returned in 1991, they raced for the World Sports Car Championship, but the race distance was reduced to 269 miles (433 km) (83 laps of the GP circuit) and it was a straight battle between Jaguar and Mercedes-Benz, with victory going to the Jaguar XJR14 of Teo Fabi and Derek Warwick at a speed of 122.048 mph (196.417 km/h). In second place, four laps behind, came the Mercedes C291 of Michael Schumacher and Karl Wendlinger, followed by the singleton driver XJR14 of Brundle.[7]

July came, and with it came, of course, the Grand Prix. The almost unbelievably popular victory was Nigel Mansell's 18th Grand Prix win, making him the most successful British driver ever. Only two other drivers completed the full race distance: Gerhard Berger for McLaren and Prost for Ferrari.[7]

1992 was once more a very busy International season for Silverstone with a round of the International F3000 Championship, the World Sports Car Championship, and of course, the Grand Prix. The first two were run on the same day, 10 May. Although the practice was spoilt by hailstorm, the races were run in bright weather. The F3000 victor was Jordi Gené who completed the 37 laps at a speed of 121.145 mph (194.964 km/h) in a Reynard-Mugen 92D, from a similar Judd-engined example in the hands of Rubens Barrichello. Lola-Cosworth were third and fourth, driven by Olivier Panis and Emanuele Naspetti.[7]

1992 was also notable for the title decider for the British Touring Car Championship which involved an incident between Tim Harvey and John Cleland, during which Cleland gave a middle finger to Harvey's BMW teammate Steve Soper, prompting Murray Walker to exclaim "'I'm going for first,' says John Cleland!" A few corners later, Soper and Cleland both crashed out, gifting the title to Harvey. This is widely viewed as one of the most iconic moments in BTCC history.[24]

The sports car race was a sad affair, with but a handful of cars coming to the grid. There were 11 starters and just five finishers. The race was won by the Peugeot 905 of Warwick and Yannick Dalmas at 122.661 mph (197.404 km/h), two laps ahead of the Maurizio Sandro Sala/Johnny Herbert Mazda MXR-01 which was four laps ahead of the Lola-Judd T92/10 driven by Jésus Pareja and Stefan Johansson. At the end of the season, the World Sports Car Championship was no more.[7]

The Grand Prix was a happier affair with Williams-Renaults of Mansell and Riccardo Patrese taking top honours from the Benettons of Brundle and Schumacher. Mansell dominated practice and the race, winning at 133.772 mph (215.285 km/h).[7]

Six days after competing at Donington Park, the F3000 guys were at Silverstone for the second round of the 1993 International F3000 Championship. Gil de Ferran won at 119.462 mph (192.255 km/h) from David Coulthard and Michael Bartels – all were driving Cosworth powered Reynard 93Ds.[7]

Despite back-to-back Grand Prix victories for Williams, Mansell would not be back in 1993 to try for a famous hat-trick as he was racing in the States. However, things looked good for his replacement, Damon Hill after he set the fastest time in practice, but Prost (now at Williams) pipped him to pole by just 0.128secs and he went on to win the race after Hill's engine exploded 18 laps from home. Second and third were the Benettons of Schumacher and Patrese.[7][25]

A year later, the Grand Prix was a race of controversy which rumbled on for most of the season: Hill was barely ahead of Schumacher on the grid and on the formation lap the young German sprinted ahead of him, which was not allowed under the rules (cars were required to maintain station during the formation lap). The race authorities informed Benetton that their man had been penalised 5 seconds for his transgression but they did not realise that it was a stop/go penalty and did not call Schumacher in, so he was black-flagged. Schumacher ignored the black flag for six laps, and for failing to respond to the black flag Schumacher was disqualified, having finished second on the road. Hill won the race from Jean Alesi in the Ferrari and Mika Häkkinen in the McLaren.[7]

The 1994 F3000 race was an all Reynard 94D affair. The 38-lap race was won by Franck Lagorce winning at 119.512 mph (192.336 km/h), from Coulthard and de Ferran. The race distance for the following season had increased by two. Victorious on this occasion was Riccardo Rosset driving Super Nova's Reynard-Cosworth AC 95D. His teammate Vincenzo Sospiri finished second, while Allan McNish was third in a Zytek-Judd KV-engined 95D.[7]

Johnny Herbert winning the 1995 British Grand Prix, driving the Benetton-Renault B195

Hill and Schumacher were not having a happy 1995 and managed to take each other off after the final pit stops, leaving Coulthard in the lead which he lost when he had to take a 10 sec 'stop/go' penalty for speeding in the pit lane. All of this left Herbert to take his maiden Grand Prix win – he was euphoric and was held shoulder high on the podium by the second and third-placed men, Coulthard and Alesi.[7]

On 12 May 1996, the Northamptonshire circuit hosted a round of the International BPR series which was very a British affair. First was the McLaren F1 GTR of Andy Wallace and Olivier Grouillard followed by the Jan Lammers/Perry McCarthy Lotus Esprit and another McLaren in the hands of James Weaver and Ray Bellm.[7]

At the Grand Prix on 14 July, Damon Hill qualified first. He spun out of contention when a front wheel nut became loose, and his teammate Jacques Villeneuve went on to win at a fraction over 124 mph (200 km/h), from Berger's Benetton and the McLaren of Häkkinen.[7]

The 1997 Grand Prix was again won by Villeneuve at the wheel of a Williams-Renault at a speed of 128.443 mph (206.709 km/h) from the Benettons of Alesi and Alexander Wurz.[7]

From the start of 1998, the FIA decreed that all Formula One grids must be straight: in order to comply with this, the RAC moved the start line forward at Silverstone but not, significantly, the finish line. This led to some confusion at the end of the Grand Prix, which was scheduled for 60 laps, but was effectively 59.95 laps. With the timing being taken from the finish line and not the start line, the winning car was in the pits at the end of the race and the Ferrari pit was situated between the two lines. The chequered flag is supposed to be waved at the winning car and then showed to the other competitors, but it was waved at the second man who thought that he had won.[7]

Victory went to Schumacher at the wheel of a Ferrari in appalling conditions. In addition to pit lane confusion, he was penalised 10 seconds for passing another racer under a yellow flag. The stewards failed to inform the teams of their decision in the proper manner so Schumacher took his stop go penalty in the pits, after the race was over. McLaren appealed to the FIA, but the appeal was rejected and the results were confirmed, with Häkkinen second in the McLaren and Eddie Irvine third in the second Ferrari.[7]

Victory in the 1999 British Grand Prix went to Coulthard's McLaren-Mercedes with an average speed of 124.256 mph (199.971 km/h).[7]

2000s

[edit]

For Silverstone's first Grand Prix of the 21st Century, the FIA decreed that the race should be moved to April, and the event took place over Easter, with the GP itself run on Easter Sunday. In hindsight this was a poor decision by the FIA, who failed to take into account the unpredictable weather in Britain at this time of year. It rained almost continually for the best part of three weeks before the event and most of Good Friday; by Easter Saturday the car parks had virtually collapsed and were completely closed. Although most of the race day itself was fine, the damage was done and many thousands of spectators were unable to get to Silverstone to witness David Coulthard win his second straight victory in the event, from his McLaren teammate Mika Häkkinen, with Michael Schumacher third for Ferrari.[7][26]

On 14 May, the FIA GT Championship came to Northants, in slightly more clement conditions and victory went to Julian Bailey and Jamie Campbell-Walter driving a Lister Storm GT from no fewer than four Chrysler Viper GTS-Rs.[7]

The 2000 Silverstone 500 USA Challenge was the first American Le Mans Series race to be held outside of North America. It served as a precursor to the creation of the European Le Mans Series by gauging the willingness of European teams from the FIA Sportscar Championship and FIA GT Championship to participate in a series identical to the American Le Mans Series. This event also shared the weekend at Silverstone with an FIA GT round, with some GT teams running both events. The race was won by the Schnitzer Motorsport's BMW V12 LMP of Jörg Müller and JJ Lehto.[27]

Formula One returned for the 2001 British Grand Prix in July to see Häkkinen triumph having managing to overtake the driver in pole, Schumacher. Schumacher, driving for Ferrari finished second while teammate Barrichello gained the final spot in the podium.[28]

The 2002 British Grand Prix saw Ferrari return to the top two steps of the podium with Schumacher beating Barrichello, while pole-sitter and Williams driver Juan Pablo Montoya finished in third. These three drivers, as well as gaining the top three qualifying places, were the only drivers to finish on the lead lap. This year marked the first year of British Grand Prix being promoted by American sports agency Octagon pursuant to lease agreement with BRDC signed in December 2000.[29] Octagon also assumed the management of the circuit and acquired the assets and liabilities of Silverstone Circuits Limited from BRDC. BRDC kept the ownership of the circuit.

Although the 2003 Grand Prix was won by pole-sitter Barrichello for Ferrari, the race is probably most remembered for a track invasion by the defrocked priest, Neil Horan, who ran along Hangar Straight, head-on to the 175 mph (282 km/h) train of cars, wearing a saffron kilt and waving religious banners. Kimi Räikkönen (McLaren) was pressured by Barrichello into losing the lead and an unforced error later on allowed Montoya to seize second.[30]

Neil Hodgson had a brilliant World Superbike meeting in 2003. The Fila Ducati rider withstood the attention of James Toseland in the first race and then fellow Ducati pilot, Gregorio Lavilla in the second, just 0.493secs ahead of the Spaniard. Rubén Xaus claimed two third-place finishes.[31]

On 30 September 2004, British Racing Drivers' Club president Jackie Stewart announced that the British Grand Prix would not be included on the 2005 provisional race calendar and, if it were, would probably not occur at Silverstone.[32] However, on 9 December an agreement was reached with former Formula One rights holder Bernie Ecclestone ensuring that the track would host the British Grand Prix until 2009 after which Donington Park would become the new host. However, the Donington Park leaseholders, Donington Ventures Leisure, ran into severe financial problems and went into administration, resulting in the BRDC signing a 17-year deal with Ecclestone to hold the British Grand Prix at Silverstone.[33] In an unrelated case, due to financial problems affecting parent company The Interpublic Group of Companies, Octagon terminated its lease of Silverstone Circuit and ceased promoting British Grand Prix after 2004. BRDC reassumed the management of the circuit and acquired assets and liabilities of Octagon subsidiary Silverstone Motorsport Limited and merged them back into reactivated Silverstone Circuits Limited, this reverted the 2000 transaction.[34][35]

Schumacher celebrated his 80th Grand Prix victory of his career at the 2004 event after taking the lead from Räikkönen during the first round of pit stops. Barrichello completed the podium in third, and coming home in fourth was BAR's Jenson Button.[36]

A crowd of 68,000 saw Renegade Ducati's Noriyuki Haga and Ten Kate Honda's Chris Vermeulen take a win each in the 2004 World Superbike event. Haga pulled off a close finish in race one, just beating Vermeulen. In race two, the roles were reversed with the Honda beating the Ducati.[37]

When the Le Mans Prototypes returned in 2004, they raced for the Le Mans Series over a distance of 1000 km. It was a straight battle between the pair of Audi R8's of Audi Sport UK Team Veloqx and Team Goh's singleton R8, with victory going to the Veloqx pair of Allan McNish and Pierre Kaffer. In second place, one lap behind was Rinaldo Capello and Seiji Ara for Team Goh, followed by the all British pair of Johnny Herbert and Jamie Davies for Veloqx.[38]

A crowd of 27,000 welcomed back the World Touring Car Championship. The Alfa Romeo drivers dominated the first race, on a sunny 15 May 2005. Gabriele Tarquini scored a lights to flag victory, leading home an Alfa quartet. Behind the Italian, a tough fight for second between James Thompson and Fabrizio Giovanardi, with a number of overtaking and paint swapping moves, also involving the BMW 320i of Andy Priaulx. Augusto Farfus completed the quartet, with Priaulx dropping back to fifth.[39] After a superb start, Priaulx led most of race two, until side-lined with a puncture. This enabled the SEAT duo of Rickard Rydell and Jason Plato to take the win for the Spanish manufacturer, with Tarquini in third.[40]

Ducati took both legs of the 2005 World Superbike double-header. Régis Laconi scored the first win and Toseland doubled Ducati's pleasure. Laconi beat Troy Corser to the finishing line by 0.096secs. Toseland claimed third on the podium. Toseland turn came to Race 2, when he passed Croser and Haga.[41]

Montoya won the 2005 British Grand Prix.[42]

In the 2005 Le Mans Series race, Team ORECA Audi R8 scored a prestigious victory, with McNish, this time paired with Stéphane Ortelli, winning after a thrilling race-long battle with the Creation Autosportif's DBA 03S of Nicolas Minassian and Campbell-Walter, a car that provided much of the season's excitement.[38]

Alonso would see the chequered flag first as he wins again at Silverstone in 2006. In doing so, the Spaniard became the youngest driver to get the hat-trick (pole position, winning and fastest lap). Alonso won by nearly 14 seconds from Schumacher and Räikkönen took third again.[43]

Troy Bayliss gained a pair of wins in the 2006 World Superbike, aboard his Xerox Ducati. Haga (Yamaha) and Toseland (Honda) joined Bayliss on the podium in both races.[44]

Kimi Räikkönen piloting his Ferrari to victory in the 2007 British Grand Prix

Following Hamilton's victory in the 2007 Canadian Grand Prix, Silverstone reported that ticket sales had "gone through the roof"; circuit director Ian Phillips added, "we haven't seen this level of interest since Mansell-mania in the late 80s and early 90s". Hamilton qualified his McLaren on pole. However, race day saw Räikkönen move ahead during the first round of pit stops. The other McLaren driver, Alonso, finished second.[45][46]

Bayliss (Ducati) took the chequered flag in a solitary 2007 World Superbike race, with a heavy downpour causing the first race to be run in the wet, with Race 2 cancelled altogether. Naga and Corser completed the podium line-up.[47]

After a one-year hiatus, the Le Mans Series returned to Silverstone. At the head of the field, the Team Peugeot 908 HDi's lead was unchallenged and Minassian achieved his goal to do one better, partnered by Marc Gené. Emmanuel Collard/Jean-Christophe Boullion finished two laps down in second. Third place on the podium was for the Rollcentre Pescarolo, piloted by Stuart Hall and Joao Barbosa.[48]

Hamilton won the 2008 British Grand Prix, when he crossed the line to win by 68 seconds. The margin of victory was the largest in Formula One since 1995. Once again, Barrichello finished on the podium, this time in a Honda.

Allan McNish driving the Audi R10 during the 2008 Le Mans Series race

A spirited drive from the 2008 Le Mans winners Rinaldo Capello and McNish saw their Audi R10 TDI progress through the field after a trip in the gravel early in the race, all the way up to second behind their sister car. When the leading Audi came in for an unplanned pit stop and was pulled into the pit for some rear suspension repairs, this handed the lead to McNish and Capello, who took a well deserved win. The Charouz Lola-Aston Martin B08/60 was second, driven by Jan Charouz and Stefan Mücke. The Pescarolo of Romain Dumas and Boullion got a well deserved podium finish.[49]

The 2009 British Grand Prix at Silverstone was due to be the last in Northamptonshire, as the event was moving to Donington Park from the 2010 season. The race was won by Sebastian Vettel for Red Bull Racing, 15.1secs ahead of his teammate Mark Webber. A further 25.9secs behind was Barrichello, in his Brawn. However, due to Donington Park funding issues, the Grand Prix would remain at Silverstone.[50]

The 2009 1000 km of Silverstone saw Oreca take the chequered flag with the aid of their drivers Olivier Panis and Nicolas Lapierre. The next three cars home were also on the lead lap after 195 laps of racing, with second place going to Speedy Racing's Lola-Aston Martin B08/60 of Marcel Fässler, Andrea Belicchi and Nicolas Prost. The newer Lola-Aston Martin B09/60 of Aston Martin Racing took the next two places, with the partnership of Tomáš Enge, Charouz and Mücke claiming the final step on the podium.[51]

2010s

[edit]
Fernando Alonso's Ferrari F150 Italia in the pit lane, in the Formula One 2011 British Grand Prix

Mark Webber (Red Bull) won the 2010 British Grand Prix, just over a second ahead of McLaren's Hamilton. Nico Rosberg claimed third place for Mercedes.[52]

The FIM World Superbike Championship round at Silverstone in 2010 was dominated by British riders. In both races, Yamaha Sterilgarda's Cal Crutchlow won with Jonathan Rea second. Alstare Suzuki's Leon Haslam and Aprilla's Leon Camier made appearances in the top three, giving Britain a complete podium sweep of the event.[53]

Cal Crutchlow on his way to a double win, in the 2010 World Superbike event

The 2010 British motorcycle Grand Prix returned to Silverstone for the first time since 1986, although the category had evolved into MotoGP. Jorge Lorenzo dominated the event for Fiat Yamaha, finishing nearly seven seconds clear of a battle for second place. Andrea Dovizioso won the battle for second for Repsol Honda, with the Tech 3 Yamaha of Ben Spies third, after passing fellow American Nicky Hayden on the last lap.[54]

Anthony Davidson and Minassian won for Peugeot in the 2010 1000 km of Silverstone. Second place was enough for the Oreca team to be crowned as the 2010 champions, using a Peugeot instead their own race winning chassis from the 2009 event. This time Lapierre was co-driven by Stéphane Sarrazin. Audi were third with the R15 TDI of Capello and Timo Bernhard.[55]

The 2011 British Grand Prix saw Fernando Alonso win for Ferrari, sixteen seconds ahead of the Red Bulls of Vettel and Webber.[56]

The Althea Racing Ducati of Carlos Checa won ahead of Yamaha's Eugene Laverty with Laverty's teammate Marco Melandri finishing third in both races of the 2011 World Superbike meeting.[57]

MotoGP returned in June 2011, with the Repsol Hondas dominating the race in rainy conditions. Casey Stoner took pole position and beat his teammate Dovizioso by more than 15 seconds. The Tech 3 Yamaha of Colin Edwards completed the podium.[58]

The 2011 6 Hours of Silverstone witnessed a nose-to-tail fight between the Audi R18 of Bernhard and Fässler and the Peugeot 908 of Sébastien Bourdais and Simon Pagenaud, but was temporarily finished after a spin by Bernhard. A conservative drive from Pagenaud saw him caught and then overtaken by Fässler. Pagenaud picked up the pace and the two cars were on each other's tails until the end of the fourth hour when damaged rear bodywork needed replacing on the Audi. This gave the Peugeot a one-minute advantage that it did not give up. Third was the OAK Racing's Pescarolo 01 piloted by Olivier Pla and Alexandre Prémat.[59]

The 2012 British Grand Prix was won for the second time by Webber, with pole-sitter Alonso second for Ferrari, finishing three seconds behind. Webber's teammate Vettel rounded off the podium.[60]

Silverstone is often the site of unpredictable weather, and the 2012 World Superbike event took place in mixed wet and dry conditions. Kawasaki Racing's Loris Baz won from the BMWs of Michel Fabrizio and Ayrton Badovini. Baz then took second behind PATA Racing's Ducati, piloted by Sylvain Guintoli in a shortened second race. Jakub Smrz took third, as nine riders went down before the official called an early end after eight laps.[61]

The 2012 British MotoGP was won by the Yamaha factory rider, Lorenzo. He crossed the line 3.313 seconds ahead of the Respol Honda of Stoner, with Dani Pedrosa third on the other Honda.[62]

The 2012 Le Mans 24 Hours winners Benoît Tréluyer, André Lotterer and Fässler steered their Audi R18 e-tron Quattro hybrid car to victory in the 6 Hours of Silverstone on 26 August 2012. The second Audi of Allan McNish, Rinaldo Capello and Tom Kristensen, finished third, with the Toyota TS030 hybrid of Alex Wurz, Kazuki Nakajima and Nicolas Lapierre splitting the two in second, having led early on.[63]

Toyota TS030 Hybrid on its way to the third place in the 2013 FIA World Endurance Championship race

The opening round of the 2013 World Endurance Championship saw Audi Sport Team Joest dominating. The race soon developed into a pattern of two Audi R18 e-tron quattros followed by two Toyota TS030 Hybrids and backed up by two Rebellion Lola B12/60s. Audis had a better early stage of the race when the Toyota's tyres did not work well, and by the middle of the race they were securely leading the race by one lap. McNish was behind Tréluyer by more than 20 seconds with some 15 laps to go. But McNish (partnered by Kristensen and Loïc Duval), and motivated to win the RAC Tourist Trophy award for the race, closed the gap and overtook Tréluyer (supported by Lotterer and Fässler) two laps before the finish. The podium was completed the Toyota of Davidson/Sarrazin/Sébastien Buemi.[64]

Mercedes's Rosberg held off Red Bull's Webber to win the 2013 British Grand Prix. In a race featuring two safety car interventions and tyre failures on five cars (four of which blew the rear-right tyre), Ferrari's Alonso finished third from ninth on the grid. Rosberg's teammate, Hamilton, dropped to last with tyre failure, but recovered to finish fourth ahead of Lotus's Räikkönen.[65]

Pata Honda's Jonathan Rea took advantage of the fluctuating weather conditions to take the lead mid-distance during the 2013 World Superbike Race 1, which he held until the end. Aprilia Racing's Eugene Laverty followed home for second place, with Crescent Suzuki's Leon Camier third. Race 2 started dry but deteriorated to treacherously damp by mid-race. This saw Baz prevailing, replicating his victory from 2012, in similar conditions. Jules Cluzel took his Crescent Suzuki up to second place, followed home by Laverty in third.[66]

Reigning World MotoGP Champion, Lorenzo, ended Marc Márquez's four-race winning streak to take victory in the 2013 British MotoGP. Yamaha factory-rider, Lorenzo swapped the lead three times with Márquez through the last few corners, but Lorenzo managed to make the crucial pass and win. Márquez's Repsol Honda teammate, Pedrosa finished third, while Crutchlow was seventh. Meanwhile, in the supporting Moto2 race, Scott Redding won.[67][68]

Easter Sunday 2014 saw the return of Porsche to top-level sportscar racing in the World Endurance Championship event. Toyota dominated the event, as the Toyota TS040 Hybrid of Sébastien Buemi, Anthony Davidson and Nicolas Lapierre took victory by a clear lap over their teammates, Alex Wurz, Kazuki Nakajima and Stéphane Sarrazin, at the end of a race that was red-flagged before its scheduled finish courtesy of heavy rain. Porsche claimed a podium on its return with the 919 Hybrid. The partnership of Mark Webber, Timo Bernhard and Brendon Hartley took third, finishing two laps down on the winner and one down on the second-placed Toyota.[69]

Mercedes driver Lewis Hamilton won the 2014 British Grand Prix. He was catching his teammate and championship rival, Nico Rosberg, at the half-way stage of the race when Rosberg suffered a gearbox failure and was forced to retire, with Williams's Valtteri Bottas coming from 14th on the grid to finish second. Red Bull's Daniel Ricciardo took third. The race had to be red flagged following a high-speed crash on the opening lap of Kimi Räikkönen.[70]

The reigning world champion Marc Márquez won the Hertz British MotoGP for his 11th win in 12 starts. The Honda rider overtook the previous year's winner Jorge Lorenzo on a Yamaha with three laps to go to cross the line 0.732 seconds in front. The second works Yamaha of Valentino Rossi completed the podium, after fending off Honda's Dani Pedrosa.[71]

The escalating costs of the British Grand Prix led to the BRDC triggering a break clause in their contract, meaning that the 2019 British Grand Prix would be the last at the Silverstone Circuit. Although there was speculation of a street race in London, lengthy negotiations with Liberty Media led to a new agreement for Silverstone to continue to host the British Grand Prix for a further five years after 2019.[72]

World Champion Lewis Hamilton's win at the 2019 British Grand Prix was his sixth win at the Silverstone circuit, and with it, he broke a 52-year-old record for most wins in the British Grand Prix by a Formula One driver. The previous record of five wins was set and held by Jim Clark in 1967. This record was then matched by Alain Prost in 1993, and Hamilton in 2017.[73]

2020s

[edit]

The 2020 British motorcycle Grand Prix, scheduled to be held at Silverstone, was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Silverstone Circuit held two Formula One World Championship races in one season in 2020 (behind closed doors due to the COVID-19 pandemic) on consecutive weekends with the races on 2 and 9 August; the second race was referred to as the 70th Anniversary Grand Prix to commemorate the 70 years since the inception of the Formula One World Championship in 1950.[74]

In December 2020 the BRDC named the pit straight after Lewis Hamilton in recognition of his achievements.[75] This is the first time in the circuit's history that an area of the track has been named after an individual.[76]

Leading up to the Sunday race of the 2022 British motorcycle Grand Prix, it was confirmed that the 2023 race would start on the Hamilton Straight, with Abbey becoming the new turn 1, which is the same configuration as in F1.[77] This was the first time that the MotoGP, 2 and 3 class started at the Hamilton straight since the 2012 event.[citation needed]

Lewis Hamilton at the 2024 British Grand Prix where he won a record ninth British Grand Prix

In February 2024, Silverstone and Formula One agreed a ten-year contract extension to host the British Grand Prix, with the new deal lasting until the 2034 event.[78]

Before the Moto3 race in 2024, the 2025 dates were confirmed to be 23–25 May 2025, this would be the earliest a British motorcycle Grand Prix has ever been hosted in Silverstone and its former track Donington Park.[79][80]

In the Moto2 Race, British rider Jake Dixon won his first home race in his career, making him the first British rider to win his home race since Danny Kent won the 2015 Moto3 race.[81]

After 945 days without a victory in Formula 1, Lewis Hamilton won his ninth British Grand Prix breaking the record for most wins at a single circuit or Grand Prix and extending his consecutive Silverstone podium record to 12.[82][83]

On 6 July 2025, Google commemorated the 75th anniversary of Formula 1 and its origination at Silverstone in 1950 with a dedicated Google Doodle on their homepage, showcasing the iconic Silverstone track, Wing building and red car with the number 75 emblazoned upon it. Lando Norris won his first British Grand Prix becoming the 13th British driver to win on home soil.[83][84]

Other competitions

[edit]
Formation lap around Brooklands corner at the 2010 Superleague Formula round

Silverstone also hosts many club racing series and the world's largest historic race meeting, the Silverstone Classic. It was also host to a 24-hour car race, the Britcar 24, having run between 2005 and 2018.

It has in the past hosted exhibition rounds of the D1 Grand Prix both in 2005 and 2006. The course, starting from the main straight used in club races, makes use of both Brooklands and Luffield corners to form an S-bend – a requirement in drifting – and is regarded by its judge, Keiichi Tsuchiya, as one of the most technical drifting courses of all.[85] The section, used in drifting events since 2002, is currently used to host a European Drift Championship round. The Course also hosts the Formula Student Competition by the iMechE yearly.

In 2010 Silverstone hosted its very first Superleague Formula event.[86]

Events

[edit]
Current events
Future events
Former events

Lap records

[edit]
The various configurations of Silverstone, 1949 to the present.

Max Verstappen's lap of 1:27.097 in the 2020 British Grand Prix is the official race lap record for the current Grand Prix configuration, which has only been in existence since 2011. The diagram at right illustrates the changes in configuration which have been made, a detailed description of the changes which have been made, see development history of Silverstone Circuit.

Official lap records are set in a race, although qualifying laps are typically faster. The fastest lap of 1:24.303 was set by Lewis Hamilton during 2020 qualification.[87] As of September 2025, the fastest official race lap records of Silverstone are listed as:

Category Driver Vehicle Time Event
Grand Prix Circuit (2011–present): 5.891 km (3.661 mi.)
Formula One Netherlands Max Verstappen Red Bull Racing RB16 1:27.097 2020 British Grand Prix
LMP1 United Kingdom Mike Conway Toyota TS050 Hybrid 1:37.289[88] 2019 4 Hours of Silverstone
FIA F2 United Kingdom Jack Aitken Dallara F2 2018 1:39.993 2019 Silverstone Formula 2 round
GP2 New Zealand Mitch Evans Dallara GP2/11 1:42.297 2014 Silverstone GP2 round
Formula Renault 3.5 France Matthieu Vaxivière Dallara T12 1:43.000[89] 2015 Silverstone Formula Renault 3.5 Series round
LMP2 United Kingdom Oliver Gray Oreca 07 1:43.116[90] 2025 4 Hours of Silverstone
FIA F3 United States Logan Sargeant Dallara F3 2019 1:45.692 2019 Silverstone Formula 3 round
Auto GP Japan Kimiya Sato Lola B05/52 1:46.942[91] 2013 Silverstone Auto GP round
GP3 United Kingdom Callum Ilott Dallara GP3/13 1:47.096 2018 Silverstone GP3 round
F2 (2009–2012) Italy Luciano Bacheta Williams JPH1 1:49.117[92] 2012 Silverstone FTwo round
Euroformula Open Denmark Nicolai Kjærgaard Dallara F317 1:49.758[93] 2019 Silverstone Euroformula Open round
GB3 United Kingdom Luke Browning Tatuus MSV-022 1:52.783[94] 2022 1st Silverstone GB3 round
LMP3 Italy Matteo Quintarelli Ligier JS P325 1:54.310[95] 2025 Silverstone Le Mans Cup round
LM GTE Italy Davide Rigon Ferrari 488 GTE Evo 1:55.762[88] 2019 4 Hours of Silverstone
Formula Renault 2.0 Russia Alexander Vartanyan Tatuus FR2.0/13 1:56.052[96] 2018 Silverstone Formula Renault Eurocup round
Renault Sport Trophy Netherlands Pieter Schothorst [nl] Renault Sport R.S. 01 1:56.383[97] 2015 Silverstone Renault Sport Trophy round
Formula Regional United Kingdom Abbi Pulling Tatuus F3 T-318 1:56.847[98] 2022 Silverstone W Series round
GT3 Austria Norbert Siedler Lamborghini Huracán GT3 Evo 1:58.165[99] 2019 Silverstone International GT Open round
LMPC United Kingdom Phil Keen Oreca FLM09 1:58.924[100] 2011 6 Hours of Silverstone
GT1 (GTS) Germany Michael Krumm Nissan GT-R GT1 2:00.396[101] 2011 RAC Tourist Trophy
Superkart United Kingdom Matt Robinson Anderson Redspeed-VM 2:00.456[102] 2022 Silverstone British Superkart Racing Club Super Series round
GB4 Japan Alexandros Kattoulas Tatuus MSV GB4-025 2:00.459[103] 2025 1st Silverstone GB4 round
Formula 4 United Kingdom Deagen Fairclough Tatuus F4-T421 2:01.055[104] 2024 1st Silverstone British F4 round
Ferrari Challenge United Kingdom Gilbert Yates Ferrari 296 Challenge 2:01.094[105] 2025 Silverstone Ferrari Challenge UK round
CN France Frédéric Makowiecki Ligier JS51 2:02.558[106] 2011 Silverstone Speed Euroseries round
Porsche Carrera Cup France Julien Andlauer Porsche 911 (991 II) GT3 Cup 2:03.001[107] 2019 Silverstone Porsche Supercup round
JS P4 United Kingdom Ruben Hage Ligier JS P4 2:03.617[108] 2025 Silverstone Ligier European Series round
Radical Cup United Kingdom James Lay Radical SR3 2:03.777[109] 2023 Silverstone Radical Cup UK round
Eurocup Mégane Trophy Switzerland Stefano Comini Renault Mégane Renault Sport II 2:08.720[110] 2011 Silverstone Eurocup Mégane Trophy round
GT4 United Kingdom Matt George Mercedes-AMG GT4 2:09.403[111] 2023 1st Silverstone British Endurance Championship round
JS2 R Italy Simone Riccitelli Ligier JS2 R 2:10.689[112] 2025 Silverstone Ligier European Series round
Formula BMW Malaysia Afiq Ikhwan Mygale FB02 2:10.697[113] 2012 Silverstone JK Racing Asia Series round
TCR Touring Car United Kingdom Ash Woodman Cupra León TCR 2:10.994 2023 1st Silverstone British Endurance Championship round
Trofeo Maserati Switzerland Mauro Calamia Maserati Trofeo 2:11.491[114] 2014 Silverstone Trofeo Maserati Corse World Series round
Alpine Elf Europa Cup France Gaël Castelli Alpine A110 Cup 2:12.408[115] 2019 Silverstone Alpine Elf Europa Cup round
SEAT León Supercopa Spain Mikel Azcona SEAT León Cup Racer 2:13.066[116] 2015 Silverstone SEAT León Eurocup round
Motorcycle Circuit (2010–present): 5.900 km (3.666 mi.)
MotoGP Spain Aleix Espargaró Aprilia RS-GP24 1:58.895 2024 British motorcycle Grand Prix
Moto2 Spain Arón Canet Kalex Moto2 2:03.984 2024 British motorcycle Grand Prix
World SBK France Sylvain Guintoli Aprilia RSV4 Factory 2:05.083[117] 2013 Silverstone World SBK round
World SSP United Kingdom Sam Lowes Yamaha YZF-R6 2:08.027[118] 2013 Silverstone World SSP round
Moto3 Spain Adrián Fernández Honda NSF250RW 2:09.727 2024 British motorcycle Grand Prix
125cc Spain Pol Espargaró Derbi RSA 125 2:13.781 2010 British motorcycle Grand Prix
MotoE Italy Mattia Casadei Ducati V21L 2:19.327 2023 British motorcycle Grand Prix
Grand Prix Circuit (2010): 5.901 km (3.667 mi.)
Formula One Spain Fernando Alonso Ferrari F10 1:30.874 2010 British Grand Prix
GP2 Mexico Sergio Pérez Dallara GP2/08 1.41.610 2010 Silverstone GP2 round
LMP1 France Stéphane Sarrazin Peugeot 908 HDi FAP 1:44.338[119] 2010 1000 km of Silverstone
Formula Renault 3.5 United Kingdom Jon Lancaster Dallara T08 1:48.165[120] 2010 Silverstone Formula Renault 3.5 Series round
LMP2 United Kingdom Danny Watts HPD ARX-01C 1:48.873[119] 2010 1000 km of Silverstone
GP3 Canada Daniel Morad Dallara GP3/10 1:52.955 2010 Silverstone GP3 round
Formula Three United Kingdom James Calado Dallara F308 1:54.731[121] 2010 1st Silverstone British F3 round
GT1 (GTS) France Frédéric Makowiecki Aston Martin DBR9 2:00.548[122] 2010 RAC Tourist Trophy
Formula Renault 2.0 Spain Carlos Sainz Jr. Barazi-Epsilon FR2.0–10 2:01.041[123] 2010 Silverstone Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 round
GT2 Finland Toni Vilander Ferrari F430 GTC 2:03.462[119] 2010 1000 km of Silverstone
Porsche Carrera Cup United Kingdom Nick Tandy Porsche 911 (997) GT3 Cup S 2:06.926[124] 2010 Silverstone Porsche Supercup round
Formula BMW Spain Carlos Sainz Jr. Mygale FB02 2:08.260[125] 2010 Silverstone Formula BMW Europe round
Eurocup Mégane Trophy Switzerland Stefano Comini Renault Mégane Renault Sport II 2:08.877[126] 2010 Silverstone Eurocup Mégane Trophy round
Formula Renault 1.6 France Paul-Loup Chatin Signatech FR 1.6 2:12.002[127] 2010 Silverstone F4 Eurocup 1.6 round
International Circuit (2010–present): 2.979 km (1.851 mi.)
GT3 United Kingdom John Seale Lamborghini Huracán GT3 1:00.485[128] 2021 1st Silverstone Britcar round
Superkart United Kingdom Liam Morley Anderson Maverick-VM 1:01.389[129] 2025 BSRC Silverstone round
Praga Cup United Kingdom Gordie Mutch Praga R1T 1:01.517[128] 2021 1st Silverstone Britcar round
LMP675 United Kingdom Mike Millard Rapier SR2 LMPX 1:03.927[130] 2014 1st Silverstone Britcar GT round
Ferrari Challenge United Kingdom Calum Lockie Ferrari 458 Challenge 1:06.385[131] 2015 2nd Silverstone Britcar GT round
TCR Touring Car United Kingdom Callum Newsham Hyundai i30 N TCR 1:06.811[132] 2024 2nd Silverstone TCR UK round
GT4 United Kingdom Andrew Donaldson Ginetta G50 GT4 1:10.284[130] 2014 1st Silverstone Britcar GT round
National Circuit (1997–present): 2.639 km (1.640 mi.)
BOSS GP/F1 United Kingdom Scott Mansell Benetton B197 0:47.404[133] 2004 Silverstone EuroBOSS round
Praga Cup United Kingdom Gordie Mutch Praga R1T 0:52.884[134] 2022 2nd Silverstone Praga Cup round
Superbike United Kingdom Bradley Ray Yamaha YZF-R1 0:53.102[135] 2022 Silverstone BSB round
Superkart United Kingdom Liam Morley Anderson Maverick-VM 0:53.257 2021 Silverstone BSRC Super Series round
Formula Palmer Audi Spain Ramón Piñeiro Formula Palmer Audi car 0:54.325[136] 2010 Silverstone Formula Palmer Audi round
Formula 4 United States Ugo Ugochukwu Tatuus F4-T421 0:54.571[137] 2022 Silverstone British F4 round
CN United Kingdom Oliver Chadwick Wolf GB08 CN2 0:54.575[138] 2015 1st Silverstone Britcar GT round
Porsche Carrera Cup United Kingdom Kiern Jewiss Porsche 911 (992) GT3 Cup 0:54.758[139] 2022 Silverstone Porsche Carrera Cup UK round
Supersport United Kingdom Tom Booth-Amos Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R 0:55.352[140] 2023 Silverstone BSS round
Ferrari Challenge United Kingdom David Mason Ferrari 458 Challenge 0:56.473[138] 2015 1st Silverstone Britcar GT round
GT4 United Kingdom Tom Bradshaw Porsche 718 Cayman GT4 RS Clubsport 0:56.579[141] 2025 Silverstone Porsche Sprint Challenge Great Britain round
NGTC United Kingdom Tom Ingram Hyundai i30 Fastback N Performance 0:56.875[142] 2025 Silverstone BTCC round
TCR Touring Car United Kingdom Steve Laidlaw Cupra León VZ TCR 0:58.066[143] 2025 Silverstone TCR UK round
Formula BMW Republic of Ireland Niall Breen Mygale FB02 0:58.455[144] 2006 Silverstone Formula BMW UK round
BMW F900R Cup United Kingdom Richard Cooper BMW F900R 1:00.245[145] 2023 Silverstone BMW F900R Cup round
Super 2000 United Kingdom Tom Onslow-Cole Ford Focus ST LPG 1:00.682[146] 2010 Silverstone BTCC round
BTC Touring United Kingdom Gordon Shedden BTC-T Honda Integra Type R 1:00.859[147] 2006 Silverstone BTCC round
Moto3 United Kingdom Harrison Dessoy Honda NSF250R 1:01.447[148] 2023 1st Silverstone British Talent Cup round
SEAT León Supercopa United Kingdom Michael Smith SEAT León Cupra R Mk.2 1:06.028[138] 2015 1st Silverstone Britcar GT round
Bridge Grand Prix Circuit (1997–2010): 5.141 km (3.194 mi.)
Formula One Germany Michael Schumacher Ferrari F2004 1:18.739 2004 British Grand Prix
GP2 Brazil Lucas di Grassi Dallara GP2/08 1.29.069 2009 Silverstone GP2 Series round
LMP1 France Stéphane Sarrazin Peugeot 908 HDi FAP 1:31.166[149] 2008 1000 km of Silverstone
Superleague Formula France Sébastien Bourdais Panoz DP09 1:32.818 2010 Silverstone Superleague Formula round
Formula Renault 3.5 Mexico Salvador Durán Dallara T08 1:35.130[150] 2008 Silverstone Formula Renault 3.5 Series round
LMP2 Netherlands Jos Verstappen Porsche RS Spyder Evo 1:35.675[149] 2008 1000 km of Silverstone
F3000 Czech Republic Tomáš Enge Lola B02/50 1:38.384[151] 2004 Silverstone F3000 round
F2 (2009–2012) Austria Philipp Eng Williams JPH1 1.38.733 2010 Silverstone FTwo round
LMP900 Italy Mimmo Schiattarella Lola B2K/10 1:39.748[152] 2000 Silverstone 500 USA Challenge
Formula Three France Jean-Éric Vergne Dallara F308 1:41.235[153] 2010 2nd Silverstone British F3 round
GT1 (Prototype) Germany Uwe Alzen Porsche 911 GT1-98 1:42.719[154] 1998 FIA GT Silverstone 500km
LMPC Switzerland Mathias Beche[155] Oreca FLM09 1:44.048[156] 2009 Silverstone Formula Le Mans Cup round
GT1 (GTS) France Jérôme Policand Chevrolet Corvette C6-R 1:45.791[157] 2007 1000 km of Silverstone
Formula Renault 2.0 France Mathieu Arzeno Tatuus FR2000 1:47.205[158] 2008 Silverstone Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 round
Formula Palmer Audi United Kingdom Jolyon Palmer Formula Palmer Audi car 1:48.576[159] 2009 2nd Silverstone Formula Palmer Audi round
Superkart United Kingdom Gavin Bennett Anderson Maverick-DEA 1:49.725[129] 2010 Silverstone BSRC round
GT2 Italy Gianmaria Bruni Ferrari F430 GTC 1:50.042[160] 2009 1000 km of Silverstone
GT2 (GTS) France Jean-Philippe Belloc Chrysler Viper GTS-R 1:50.763[161] 1999 FIA GT Silverstone 500 miles
GT3 United Kingdom Sean McInerney Mosler MT900R 1:52.685[162] 2008 Britcar 24 Hour
Formula BMW Denmark Michael Christensen Mygale FB02 1:53.610[163] 2009 Silverstone Formula BMW Europe round
Porsche Carrera Cup Germany Uwe Alzen Porsche 911 (997) GT3 Cup 1:53.739[164] 2006 Silverstone Porsche Supercup round
GT Germany Dirk Müller Porsche 911 (996) GT3-R 1:54.151[152] 2000 Silverstone 500 USA Challenge
Super Touring Italy Gabriele Tarquini Honda Accord 1:54.299[165] 2001 Silverstone ESTC round
N-GT Monaco Stéphane Ortelli Porsche 911 (996) GT3-RS 1:54.677[166] 2002 FIA GT Silverstone 500km
Eurocup Mégane Trophy Switzerland Jonathan Hirschi Renault Mégane Renault Sport 1:54.981[167] 2009 Silverstone Eurocup Mégane Trophy round
GP Masters Germany Christian Danner Delta Motorsport GP Masters car 2:00.537[168] 2006 Silverstone GP Masters round
Super 2000 Italy Nicola Larini Alfa Romeo 156 GTA Super 2000 2:01.577[169] 2002 Silverstone ETCC round
Motorcycle Long Circuit (2003–2009): 5.036 km (3.129 mi.)
World SBK Spain Gregorio Lavilla Suzuki GSX-R1000 1:53.044[170] 2003 Silverstone World SBK round
World SSP Australia Chris Vermeulen Honda CBR600RR 1:56.459[171] 2003 Silverstone World SSP round
Motorcycle Short Circuit (2003–2009): 3.561 km (2.213 mi.)
Superbike Spain Gregorio Lavilla Ducati 999 F06 1:25.377[172] 2007 Silverstone BSB round
World SBK Australia Troy Bayliss Ducati 999 F06 1:26.299 2006 Silverstone World SBK round
Supersport United Kingdom James Westmoreland Triumph Daytona 675 1:28.279[173] 2009 Silverstone BSS round
World SSP France Sébastien Charpentier Honda CBR600RR 1:29.027[174] 2005 Silverstone World SSP round
International Circuit (1997–2009): 3.619 km (2.249 mi.)
Formula Three France Nicolas Minassian Dallara F397 1:14.929[175] 1997 1st Silverstone British F3 round
GT1 (Prototype) United Kingdom Chris Goodwin McLaren F1 GTR 1:16.758[176] 1999 1st Silverstone British GT round
GT1 (GTS) United Kingdom Darren Turner Aston Martin DBR9 1:17.490[177] 2005 FIA GT Tourist Trophy
GT2 Germany Mike Rockenfeller Porsche 911 (996) GT3-RSR 1:21.483[177] 2005 FIA GT Tourist Trophy
Superbike United Kingdom Steve Hislop Ducati 998 1:21.707[178] 2002 Silverstone BSB round
Super Touring United Kingdom Jason Plato Renault Laguna 1:23.257[179] 1997 1st Silverstone BTCC round
Formula BMW Norway Stian Sørlie [no] Mygale FB02 1:24.858[180] 2004 Silverstone Formula BMW UK round
World SBK Australia Troy Bayliss Ducati 999 F06 1:26.299 2006 Silverstone World SBK round
Super 2000 United Kingdom Andy Priaulx BMW 320i 1:26.730 2005 FIA WTCC Race of UK
Supersport United Kingdom Jim Moodie Yamaha YZF-R6 1:27.248[181] 2002 1st Silverstone BSS round
BTC Touring United Kingdom James Thompson BTC-T Vauxhall Astra Coupe 1:28.324[182] 2002 Silverstone BTCC round
World SSP Australia Broc Parkes Yamaha YZF-R6 1:29.124 2006 Silverstone World SSP round
Motorcycle Long Circuit (1997–2002): 5.094 km (3.165 mi.)
Superbike Belgium Stéphane Mertens Suzuki GSX-R1000 1:53.232[183] 2002 Silverstone 200
Supersport United Kingdom Stuart Easton Ducati 748 1:56.031[184] 2002 2nd Silverstone BSS round
International Circuit (1996): 3.565 km (2.215 mi.)
Formula Three United Kingdom Ralph Firman Dallara F396 1:18.940[185] 1996 1st Silverstone British F3 round
GT1 United Kingdom Ian Flux McLaren F1 GTR 1:22.660[186] 1996 2nd Silverstone British GT round
GT2 Netherlands Cor Euser Marcos LM600 1:23.570[186] 1996 2nd Silverstone British GT round
GT3 Brazil Thomas Erdos Marcos LM500R 1:26.150[186] 1996 2nd Silverstone British GT round
Bridge Grand Prix Circuit (1996): 5.072 km (3.152 mi.)
Formula One Canada Jacques Villeneuve Williams FW18 1:29.288 1996 British Grand Prix
F3000 Denmark Tom Kristensen Lola T96/50 1:43.180[187] 1996 BRDC International Trophy
Formula Three United Kingdom Jonny Kane Dallara F396 1:48.460[188] 1996 3rd Silverstone British F3 round
Class 1 Touring Cars Italy Gabriele Tarquini Alfa Romeo 155 V6 TI 1:49.649 1996 ITC Silverstone round
GT1 France Jean-Marc Gounon Ferrari F40 GTE 1:49.780[189] 1996 BPR 4 Hours of Silverstone
GT2 Netherlands Cor Euser Marcos LM600 1:54.520[189] 1996 BPR 4 Hours of Silverstone
Super Touring Sweden Rickard Rydell Volvo 850 GLT 1:58.710[190] 1996 3rd Silverstone BTCC round
National Circuit (1994–1996): 2.643 km (1.642 mi.)[191]
F3000 United Kingdom Gareth Rees Reynard 95D 0:51.430[192] 1996 1st Silverstone British F2 round
Formula Three France Jérémie Dufour [fr] Dallara F394 0:56.700[193] 1994 6th Silverstone British F3 round
GT2 United Kingdom Win Percy Harrier LR9C 0:58.500[194] 1995 Silverstone British GT round
Super Touring Switzerland Alain Menu Renault Laguna 1:01.260[195] 1995 3rd Silverstone BTCC round
Bridge Grand Prix Circuit with Copse tightened and Abbey chicane (1994–1995): 5.057 km (3.160 mi.)
Formula One United Kingdom Damon Hill Williams FW16 1:27.100 1994 British Grand Prix
F3000 Brazil Tarso Marques Reynard 95D 1:40.950[196] 1995 BRDC International Trophy
Formula Three France Jérémie Dufour [fr] Dallara F394 1:47.890[197] 1994 4th Silverstone British F3 round
GT1 Italy Massimo Monti Ferrari F40 GTE 1:55.060[198] 1995 BPR 4 Hours of Silverstone
Super Touring Italy Gabriele Tarquini Alfa Romeo 155 TS 2:01.610[199] 1994 2nd Silverstone BTCC round
GT2 France Michel Ferté Venturi 600 LM 2:12.590[200] 1994 3rd Silverstone British GT round
National Circuit (1991–1994): 2.654 km (1.649 mi.)[191]
F3000 United Kingdom Jason Elliott Reynard 90D 0:50.560[201] 1991 Silverstone British F3000 round
Formula Three United Kingdom Dario Franchitti Dallara F394 0:55.540[202] 1994 3rd Silverstone British F3 round
Group 5 United Kingdom John Greasley Porsche 935 K3 1:00.700[203] 1993 Silvertsone British GT round
GT2 Denmark Thorkild Thyrring Lotus Esprit S300 1:00.970[204] 1994 2nd Silvertsone British GT round
Super Touring New Zealand Paul Radisich Ford Mondeo Si 1:02.230[205] 1993 3rd Silverstone BTCC round
Bridge Grand Prix Circuit (1991–1994): 5.226 km (3.247 mi.)
Formula One United Kingdom Damon Hill Williams FW15C 1:22.515 1993 British Grand Prix
Group C France Yannick Dalmas Peugeot 905 Evo 1B 1:29.043[206] 1992 500 km of Silverstone
F3000 France Franck Lagorce Reynard 94D 1:36.670[207] 1994 BRDC International Trophy
Formula Three United Kingdom Kelvin Burt Dallara F393 1:45.440[208] 1993 5th Silverstone British F3 round
Jaguar Intercontinental Challenge Australia David Brabham Jaguar XJR-15 1:57.410[209] 1991 Silverstone Jaguar Intercontinental Challenge round
GT1 United Kingdom Win Percy Jaguar XJ220 1:57.430[210] 1993 1st Silverstone British GT round
Group 5 United Kingdom John Greasley Porsche 935 K3 1:59.140[211] 1993 3rd Silverstone British GT round
Super Touring United Kingdom Patrick Watts Mazda Xedos 6 2:01.470[212] 1993 2nd Silverstone BTCC round
National Circuit (1990): 3.071 km (1.908 mi.)[191]
Group C2 United Kingdom John Churchill Spice SE88C 1:03.840[213] 1990 Silverstone BRDC Sportscar round
Formula Three Finland Mika Salo Ralt RT34 1:06.240[214] 1990 2nd Silverstone British F3 round
Group A United Kingdom Tim Harvey Ford Sierra RS500 Cosworth 1:09.890[215] 1990 1st Silverstone BTCC round
F3000 Sweden Rickard Rydell Reynard 89D 1:09.980[216] 1990 Silverstone British F3000 round
National Circuit (1989): 3.079 km (1.913 mi.)[191]
F3000 Austria Roland Ratzenberger Reynard 88D 1:02.910[217] 1989 Silverstone British F3000 round
Group C2 United Kingdom Tim Harvey Spice SE89C 1:04.500[218] 1989 Silverstone BRDC Sportscar round
Formula Three Republic of Ireland Derek Higgins Ralt RT33 1:07.730[219] 1989 2nd Silverstone British F3 round
Group A United Kingdom Robb Gravett Ford Sierra RS500 Cosworth 1:13.540[220] 1989 2nd Silverstone BTCC round
Grand Prix Circuit with Bridge chicane (1987–1990) 4.778 km (2.969 mi.)
Formula One United Kingdom Nigel Mansell Williams FW11B 1:09.832 1987 British Grand Prix
Group C1 France Jean-Louis Schlesser Mercedes-Benz Sauber C11 1:16.649[221] 1990 480 km of Silverstone
F3000 United Kingdom Allan McNish Lola T90/50 1:18.311[222] 1990 BRDC International Trophy
Group C2 United Kingdom Tim Harvey Spice SE89C 1:25.020[223] 1989 Autosport BRDC Supersprint
Formula Three Finland J.J. Lehto Reynard 883 1:29.980[224] 1988 3rd Silverstone British F3 round
Group A Italy Gianfranco Brancatelli Ford Sierra RS500 Cosworth 1:37.060[225] 1988 4th Silverstone BTCC round
Club Circuit/National Circuit (1952–1988): 2.588 km (1.608 mi.)[191]
Group C2 United Kingdom Paul Stott Tiga GC287 0:51.620[226] 1988 Silverstone BRDC C2 round
Formula Three United Kingdom Johnny Herbert Reynard 873 0:53.810[227] 1987 2nd Silverstone British F3 round
Group A United Kingdom Andy Rouse Ford Sierra RS500 Cosworth 0:57.780[228] 1988 1st Silverstone BTCC round
Group 4 United Kingdom Tim Stock Lola T70 Mk.III GT 0:58.400[229] 1970 Silverstone Club Circuit Race Meeting
Formula Junior United Kingdom Richard Attwood Cooper T59 1:05.400[230] 1962 Midland Enthusiasts Car Club Meeting 1962
Formula Two United Kingdom Tim Parnell Cooper T45 1:17.600[231] 1958 United States Air Force Trophy
Grand Prix Circuit (1975–1986): 4.718 km (2.932 mi.)
Formula One France Alain Prost McLaren MP4/2B 1:09.886 1985 British Grand Prix
Group C Italy Andrea De Cesaris Lancia LC2 1:13.950[232] 1986 1000 km of Silverstone
Formula Two New Zealand Mike Thackwell Ralt RH6/84 1:16.000 1984 BRDC International Trophy
USAC IndyCar United States Danny Ongais Parnelli VPJ6B 1:18.450[233] 1978 Daily Express Indy Silverstone
Group 6 Italy Riccardo Patrese Lancia LC1 1:21.180[234] 1982 6 Hours of Silverstone
F5000 Australia Alan Jones March 75A 1:22.000[235] 1975 Silverstone F5000 round
Sports 2000 United Kingdom Ian Grob Chevron B31 1:23.200[236] 1975 Silverstone European 2-Litre Championship round
Group 5 Belgium Jochen Mass Porsche 935 1:23.250[237] 1979 6 Hours of Silverstone
Formula Three United Kingdom Russell Spence Ralt RT3 1:23.790[238] 1984 Silverstone European F3 round
F3000 France Pascal Fabre Lola T86/50 1:26.650[239] 1986 BRDC International Trophy
BMW M1 Procar Austria Niki Lauda BMW M1 Procar 1:29.960[240] 1979 Silverstone BMW M1 Procar round
Group A United Kingdom Andy Rouse Ford Sierra XR4 TI 1:37.640[241] 1986 2nd Silverstone BSCC round
Grand Prix Circuit (1952–1974); Motorcycling Circuit (1952–1986): 4.711 km (2.927 mi.)
Formula One Sweden Ronnie Peterson Lotus 72E 1:17.500[242] 1973 BRDC International Trophy
Group 7 Finland Leo Kinnunen Porsche 917/10 TC 1:17.600[243] 1973 Silverstone Interserie round
F5000 United Kingdom David Hobbs[a]
United States Brett Lunger[a]
Lola T330[a] 1:18.000[244] 1973 GKN Vanwall Trophy
Group 5 Austria Dieter Quester Chevron B21 1:24.800[245] 1972 Silverstone European 2-Litre Championship round
500cc United States Kenny Roberts Yamaha YZR500 1:28.200 1983 British motorcycle Grand Prix
Group 4 New Zealand Denny Hulme Lola T70 Mk.II GT 1:28.200[246] 1966 1st Silverstone BSCC round
Formula Two Austria Jochen Rindt[b]
United Kingdom Graham Hill[b]
Brabham BT23[b]
Lotus 48[b]
1:29.200[247] 1967 BARC 200
Group 2 West Germany Jochen Mass[c]
West Germany Hans-Joachim Stuck[c]
Ford Capri RS 2600[c]
BMW 3.0 CSL[c]
1:32.400[248] 1973 RAC Tourist Trophy
350cc West Germany Anton Mang Kawasaki KR350 1:33.790 1980 British motorcycle Grand Prix
250cc France Jacques Bolle Yamaha TZ 250[249] 1:34.060 1983 British motorcycle Grand Prix
Formula Three United Kingdom Roger Williamson March 713M 1:35.800[250] 1971 3d Silverstone British F3 round
125cc Spain Ángel Nieto Garelli 125 GP 1:38.650 1982 British motorcycle Grand Prix
Formula Junior United Kingdom Peter Arundell Lotus 27 1:39.400[251] 1963 British Grand Prix Formula Junior support race
Group 3 United Kingdom Roy Salvadori Jaguar E-Type Lighteweight 1:42.400[252] 1963 Silverstone International Trophy
Grand Prix Circuit (1949–1951): 4.649 km (2.888 mi.)
Formula One Italy Nino Farina Alfa Romeo 159B 1:44.000 1951 British Grand Prix
Sports car racing United Kingdom Gillie Tyrer BMW 328 1:41.000[253] 1950 Bugatti Owners Club Formula 2 Race
Original Grand Prix Circuit (1948): 5.907 km (3.670 mi.)
Grand Prix motor racing Italy Luigi Villoresi Maserati 4CLT/48[254] 2:52.000 1948 British Grand Prix

Fatalities

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Notes

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References

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Further reading

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia
Silverstone Circuit is a renowned motor racing venue located in , , on the former site of airfield, spanning the counties of Northamptonshire and . Constructed in 1943 as a perimeter track for the airfield during , it transitioned to use after the war, hosting its first Grand Prix on 2 October 1948 and serving as the venue for the inaugural World Championship race on 13 May 1950, won by in an . Owned by the British Racing Drivers' Club (BRDC) since 1950, the circuit measures 5.891 kilometres (3.66 miles) in length and features high-speed corners such as the Maggotts-Becketts complex and , making it one of the fastest tracks on the calendar, with cars capable of reaching speeds over 300 km/h. The circuit's layout has evolved significantly since its origins, with major reconfigurations in , , , and most notably in 2010–2011, when the BRDC invested over £30 million to add the section, complex, and layout to enhance overtaking opportunities and modernize facilities. These changes helped secure the at in 2010 after plans to move it to fell through, solidifying its role as the permanent home of the event since 1987. Beyond , Silverstone hosts a diverse array of international series, including the MotoGP , FIA World Endurance Championship races like the 6 Hours of Silverstone, and the British GT Championship's Silverstone 500, attracting over 500,000 spectators for the 2025 British Grand Prix weekend. Silverstone's significance extends to its pioneering contributions to motorsport history and infrastructure, including the introduction of the first sprint race in and its adaptation to host back-to-back Grands Prix in —the and the —amid the . The circuit also features the Silverstone Museum, which preserves motorsport heritage through exhibits on evolution and interactive experiences, while ongoing developments like the new Kart Silverstone facility underscore its commitment to year-round accessibility for drivers and fans. With a lap record of 1:27.097 set by in , Silverstone remains a cornerstone of global racing, embodying speed, innovation, and British motorsport legacy.

Circuit Description

Location and Site Origins

Silverstone Circuit is situated in , , approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) northwest of the village of and straddling the border with . Its geographical coordinates are 52°04′16″N 1°00′58″W. The site encompasses about 720 acres of former farmland and airfield terrain, providing a rural setting amid the English Midlands, which has facilitated its role as a major motorsport venue since the mid-20th century. The circuit originated as RAF Silverstone, a Royal Air Force station constructed during World War II to support Bomber Command operations. Construction began in 1942, with the airfield becoming operational in 1943; it featured three runways arranged in a classic triangular pattern, designed to Class A specifications for heavy bomber use. The base primarily housed No. 17 Operational Training Unit, which trained aircrews on Vickers Wellington medium bombers for night operations, accommodating up to 1,500 personnel at its peak. Operations continued until 1946, after which the site was decommissioned as surplus military property. In 1948, the Royal Automobile Club (RAC) spearheaded the conversion of the disused airfield into a motor racing venue, adapting the existing perimeter roads and portions of the runways to form an initial 4.7-mile (7.6 km) triangular circuit layout. The inaugural motor race, the RAC International Trophy (retrospectively recognized as the first ), took place on October 2, 1948, attracting around 100,000 spectators and marking Silverstone's debut as a competitive track. This transformation leveraged the site's expansive, flat infrastructure while minimizing new construction costs. By the early 1950s, the British Racing Drivers' Club (BRDC) assumed the lease from the RAC in 1950, establishing long-term stewardship and initiating permanent developments to enhance safety and facilities. Early races underscored the site's rapid appeal, with the —the inaugural round of the World Championship—drawing an estimated 100,000 to 120,000 attendees, including members of the royal family, and highlighting the circuit's initial spectator capacity amid its rudimentary setup of hay bales and chalk lines for boundaries.

Track Layout and Configurations

The Silverstone Circuit's primary configuration for major international events is the Grand Prix Circuit, measuring 5.891 kilometers in length and featuring 18 corners run in a direction. This layout emphasizes high-speed straights and flowing corners, including the challenging Maggotts-Becketts complex—a sequence of rapid left-right-left transitions that tests driver precision—and the high-speed Chapel Curve, a left-hand sweep leading onto the Hamilton Straight. These high-speed quick corners, particularly the smooth and stimulating Maggotts-Becketts complex, appeal to Formula 1 drivers for the exhilarating driving experience they provide, enhanced by the circuit's strong historical significance as Formula 1's birthplace. The Hamilton Straight, formerly known as the International Pits Straight, was renamed in December 2020 to honor Lewis Hamilton's seven Formula 1 World Championships. The pit lane is located along this straight, providing access for Formula 1 teams, with the start-finish line positioned at its end. For Formula 1 races, two Drag Reduction System (DRS) zones are designated: one on the Wellington Straight following the Arena section and another on the Hangar Straight after the Maggotts-Becketts-Chapel complex, enabling overtaking opportunities on these high-speed sections. Silverstone offers several alternative configurations tailored to different event types, all utilizing portions of the Grand Prix layout and maintaining a direction. The National Circuit, the shortest variant at 2.639 kilometers with 10 turns, focuses on tighter corners like and Luffield for national-level racing and track days. The International Circuit extends to 3.619 kilometers, incorporating additional sections such as the Stowe Circuit's early turns for intermediate events. The Stowe Circuit itself measures approximately 1.738 kilometers with 9 turns, emphasizing the Stowe corner and adjacent chicanes for karting and junior series. The Southern Circuit, at around 3.170 kilometers, combines southern loops including the Village section for versatile use in testing and club events. These variants allow flexibility while preserving the circuit's core engineering principles of safety and flow. The track holds FIA Grade 1 certification for the Grand Prix Circuit, enabling it to host Formula 1 and other top-tier series, while the National and other configurations receive Grade 2 status for historic and national competitions. The surface consists of high-grip asphalt, fully resurfaced in early 2022 with a durable compound designed to withstand extreme loads, featuring microgrooves for improved water dispersion despite the flat terrain derived from its airfield origins. Over the decades, Silverstone's layout has evolved through targeted redesigns to enhance safety, , and spectator appeal. In the , the foundational perimeter roads were refined, including the establishment of Woodcote as a key corner in the initial Grand Prix path. The 1975 addition of a at Woodcote aimed to reduce speeds at the high-velocity right-hander, but it was removed in 1985 to restore flow. A comprehensive redesign from 1990 to 1991 reconfigured high-speed sections, including widening Copse, tightening Maggotts-Becketts-Chapel, and introducing the Luffield complex, increasing the length to 5.141 kilometers and adding technical elements. Further modifications in slowed Stowe by tightening the corner and reducing camber. The most recent major update occurred between 2010 and 2011, incorporating the (later ) section with tight corners like the Loop and , extending the Grand Prix Circuit to its current 5.891 kilometers and creating new zones.

Facilities and Infrastructure

Silverstone Circuit boasts a spectator capacity of up to 164,000 across its s, general admission areas, and hospitality suites, enabling it to host large-scale events while providing diverse viewing options. Key vantage points include the Copse , offering views of high-speed sections post-Maggotts and Becketts, and the Stowe , which overlooks the braking zone at the end of the Wellington Straight for opportunities. The circuit's core infrastructure supports operational efficiency and safety, featuring 60 pit garages for team preparations, an International Media Centre equipped for global , a dedicated Medical Centre with treatment rooms and emergency response capabilities, and a race control tower for event oversight. Parking facilities accommodate more than 100,000 vehicles, supplemented by shuttle services to manage peak attendance. Beyond racing, Silverstone functions as a multifaceted venue with the Silverstone Wing serving as a conference and exhibition center spanning 12,500 square meters for meetings and events, alongside the adjacent hotel offering 171 rooms for overnight stays. Sustainability initiatives include the installation of 2,764 solar panels to generate , 90 charging points to promote low-carbon transport, and comprehensive waste reduction programs that have eliminated single-use plastics and achieved high diversion rates from . These efforts align with the circuit's "Shift to Zero" strategy, targeting a 50% carbon reduction by 2030 and net zero emissions by 2040. Events at the circuit contribute over £100 million annually to the economy through and related spending. Accessibility features encompass public transport connections via trains from nearby stations like Milton Keynes and Northampton, linked by shuttle buses to the gates, as well as dedicated Blue Badge parking and raised viewing platforms for wheelchair users. Recent enhancements, including expanded accessible shuttle services and proximity to medical facilities from viewing areas, were implemented to improve inclusivity as outlined in the 2023 accessibility guide.

Historical Development

World War II Era and Founding (1940s)

During , the site of Silverstone Circuit was developed as , a bomber training station constructed in early 1943 to meet the Air Ministry's specifications for Class A airfields. The base became operational in June 1943 under No. 17 Operational Training Unit of , which focused on night bombing exercises using Vickers Wellington medium bombers; up to 54 aircraft were based there at peak times. The airfield featured three intersecting concrete runways forming a rough triangle, along with extensive perimeter tracks, hangars, and support facilities, and it remained active until its closure in March 1947 as surplus military property following the war's end. Post-war, the disused airfield quickly attracted enthusiasts seeking a venue amid Britain's shortage of suitable tracks. In September 1947, a group of local racers, including Maurice Geoghegan, organized an informal test meeting using the runways and perimeter roads, which became known as the Mutton Grand Prix after one vehicle collided with a wandering sheep, resulting in the animal's death and the car's write-off. This ad hoc event demonstrated the site's potential, leading the Royal Automobile Club (RAC) to negotiate a one-year lease in 1948 for official racing. The British Racing Drivers' Club (BRDC), founded in 1928 and led by president , collaborated closely with the RAC to promote and organize activities, addressing logistical hurdles like rudimentary barriers made from straw bales, ropes, and oil drums. The inaugural championship race, the 1948 British Grand Prix (officially the RAC International Grand Prix), took place on 2 October over 70 laps of a 5.9 km layout tracing the three runways and perimeter track in a triangular configuration. won in a 4CLT/48, finishing ahead of 21 other starters including Alfa Romeos and ERAs, with an average speed of 74.8 mph amid challenging conditions on the bumpy concrete surfaces that caused significant tire wear. The event drew approximately 100,000 spectators and marked Silverstone's emergence as a major venue, though early races faced complaints from nearby farmers over engine noise disturbing livestock and disrupting rural life. In 1949, hosted the on 14 May, won by Emmanuel de Graffenried in a TC/48 over 60 laps of a similar layout, solidifying the track's viability with improved organization and larger crowds. The RAC event received official Grande Épreuve status from the FIA, recognizing its international caliber and directly influencing the selection of for the inaugural World Championship round in 1950. These formative races established the circuit's foundational role in British , transitioning the former airfield into a enduring hub despite ongoing adaptations to surface irregularities and local disruptions.

Early Racing Years (1950s-1960s)

Silverstone Circuit played a pivotal role in the birth of the World Championship during its early racing years. On 13 May 1950, the circuit hosted the inaugural round, the , won by driving an Alfa Romeo 158, marking the first victory in F1 history. The event drew an estimated 120,000 spectators, including King George VI, Queen Elizabeth, and Princess Margaret—the only occasion a reigning British has attended a Grand Prix. The layout for the race utilized the former RAF perimeter roads and runways, incorporating high-speed sections like Farm Straight, with the circuit measuring approximately 2.89 miles (4.65 km) in length. Throughout the , Silverstone solidified its status as a cornerstone of international , hosting the annually from 1950 to 1954 and witnessing the rise of British talent, particularly , who debuted prominently in F1 support races and secured podium finishes at the circuit. Highlights included intense rivalries, such as those in the 1951 and 1952 events, where Moss challenged leading drivers like Farina and , contributing to the growing popularity of in the UK. The decade also saw non-championship events like races and the continuation of the British Empire Trophy, which returned to Silverstone in various formats, attracting diverse entries and enhancing the circuit's reputation beyond F1. These gatherings provided economic boosts to the local area through tourism and infrastructure development spurred by large attendances. In the , became a pressing concern at Silverstone following the tragic , prompting incremental improvements such as enhanced barriers, tire walls, and runoff areas to mitigate risks on the high-speed layout. The circuit continued to host the , with notable performances like Jim Clark's dominant 1963 victory for Lotus, underscoring Silverstone's role in showcasing evolving car technologies and driver skills. The era's events, including and races, further embedded the venue in British motorsport culture, drawing consistent crowds and fostering while addressing the era's growing emphasis on racer .

Layout Redesigns and Challenges (1970s-1990s)

In the 1970s, Silverstone underwent significant layout modifications driven by safety concerns following high-speed incidents. The most notable change occurred in 1975 when a was added at Woodcote Corner to reduce speeds through the previously flat-out right-hander, which had seen a multi-car pile-up at the involving nine vehicles. This alteration aimed to mitigate risks at a corner where cars exceeded 150 mph, though it added approximately three seconds to lap times compared to prior years. The redesign reflected broader regulatory pressures from the FIA to enhance driver protection amid rising fatalities in during the decade. Economic challenges compounded operational difficulties at Silverstone in the 1970s, as the 1973-1974 oil crisis led to reduced fuel availability and higher costs, impacting events globally and contributing to lower attendance at races like the . While specific threats over prize money did not materialize for the 1973 event, disputes over funding and sponsorship—such as the introduction of major tobacco backing from John Player—highlighted tensions between organizers and teams amid inflationary pressures. The 1980s brought further layout evolution and hosting uncertainties for Silverstone, as the British Grand Prix alternated between the circuit and from 1964 to 1986 due to capacity and facility limitations at both venues. This alternation effectively created periods without at Silverstone in even-numbered years, culminating in the 1986 race at before a permanent return in 1987. To facilitate this shift and address safety, the Woodcote was removed in 1987, restoring the high-speed corner while introducing a new Bridge earlier in the lap to control entry speeds into Woodcote, thereby improving overall flow without compromising the circuit's character. In 1988, the start-finish straight was repositioned to the Hangar Straight for better overtaking opportunities and spectator views, marking Silverstone's full commitment as the exclusive British GP host. Safety remained a persistent challenge through the , influenced by earlier tragedies like the 1977 death of in , which underscored the need for improved barriers and runoff areas at high-speed tracks like Silverstone. Local resident complaints about noise from unmuffled engines also prompted early abatement measures, including trackside barriers and event scheduling adjustments to limit disturbances in the rural area. Entering the , Silverstone faced existential threats to its status amid financial strains on the British Racing Drivers' Club (BRDC), the circuit's owners. In 1993, commercial rights holder proposed relocating the to , citing Silverstone's outdated facilities, but the BRDC successfully negotiated retention of the contract through infrastructure commitments. A major redesign followed in 1991, lengthening the Grand Prix loop from 4.78 km to 5.226 km through the addition of the Luffield complex and refinements to the infield section, designed to enhance safety and overtaking while accommodating modern cars. Further refinements in 1997-1998 targeted Copse, , Brooklands, and Luffield corners under consultancy input, increasing corner radii for higher speeds and addressing FIA requirements. These changes were partly funded by a BRDC-led financial restructuring in the late to avert bankruptcy risks from rising event costs. During the 1990s, Silverstone diversified by hosting tests for international series, including exploratory runs by /Champ Car teams evaluating European expansion, which helped sustain revenue amid Formula One uncertainties.

Modern Upgrades and Expansions (2000s-2010s)

In the early 2000s, the British Racing Drivers' Club (BRDC), which owns Silverstone Circuit, entered into a significant lease agreement with Octagon Motorsports in 2001 to manage operations and secure the future of the at the venue. This arrangement provided financial stability amid rising hosting costs, allowing the circuit to invest in infrastructure while retaining BRDC ownership. By the mid-2010s, the BRDC underwent a management restructure in 2014 to streamline operations and address financial pressures from major developments, including debt from construction loans. A pivotal upgrade occurred in 2010 with a comprehensive redesign of the Grand Prix layout aimed at enhancing opportunities and spectator experience, extending the circuit length from 5.141 km to approximately 5.891 km through the addition of the high-speed section between Club and corners. This reconfiguration, which debuted at the , incorporated sweeping turns and a new pit lane exit, reducing lap times by about 10 seconds compared to the prior configuration while maintaining Silverstone's reputation for high-speed racing. The following year, in 2011, the layout was finalized with minor adjustments to integrate the completed pit complex, solidifying the 5.891 km distance. Complementing the track changes, the Silverstone Wing—a state-of-the-art pit, paddock, and conference complex—was constructed starting in April 2010 and officially opened on May 18, 2011, by the . Spanning 390 meters with 41 team garages, a 2,780 m² media center, race control facilities, and hospitality areas accommodating up to 4,000 guests, the £60 million steel-framed structure enhanced Silverstone's capacity for events and diversified its role as a conferencing venue between and Birmingham. In parallel, the 2011 masterplan approved by local authorities included infield expansions such as a new karting circuit and road safety training facility, alongside business and technology parks to support year-round events beyond racing. These upgrades facilitated event diversification, with MotoGP returning to Silverstone in 2010 after a 23-year absence, drawing praise for the revamped layout's suitability for motorcycles and attracting over 80,000 spectators. From 2013 to 2019, the circuit hosted the FIA World Endurance Championship's 6 Hours (later 4 Hours) of as its season opener, leveraging the extended layout for prototype and GT endurance racing. Technological integrations in the modernized operations, including the installation of advanced LED video screens in —expanded during the decade—to provide real-time race and enhance fan engagement across the venue. Timing systems were upgraded with digital precision for multiple series, supporting seamless event management. Silverstone's high-speed configuration also positioned it ideally for the 2014 hybrid era, hosting the inaugural in-season testing for the new 1.6-liter turbocharged power units, where teams like Mercedes and Ferrari evaluated systems on its demanding straights and corners.

Contemporary Developments (2020s)

In response to the , Silverstone Circuit adapted its operations to host two races in 2020: the on 9 August and the on 16 August, both run on the Grand Prix loop without layout changes but with enhanced health protocols including crowd restrictions and testing requirements. The circuit honored British racing driver by renaming the straight between Woodcote and Copse as Hamilton Straight in July 2020, recognizing his achievements at the venue. The British MotoGP continued at Silverstone after 2010, with events held from 2011 to 2017 and in 2019; the 2018 race was cancelled due to track surface issues following resurfacing, and the 2020 event was skipped due to the , with the series returning in 2021 on August 29. Significant milestones in 2023–2025 included Lewis Hamilton's victory at the 2024 on 7 July, securing his record ninth win at the circuit. In 2025, claimed his maiden home victory at the on 6 July, adding to the venue's legacy of dramatic races. The 2025 MotoGP event from May 23-25 built on Aleix Espargaró's lap record set during the 2024 , underscoring the circuit's continued relevance in . Silverstone's long-term security was bolstered by a contract extension announced on February 8, 2024, guaranteeing British Grands Prix through 2034. The returned to the circuit in 2025 with a round from September 12-14, enhancing its endurance racing portfolio. Ongoing infrastructure projects included a full resurfacing of the Grand Prix circuit in to improve grip and safety, completed ahead of the season. In 2025, sustainability efforts advanced with expanded (EV) charging across the site, supporting the circuit's goals, including a 50% carbon reduction by 2030 and net-zero by 2040. Additionally, a commemorating Formula 1's 75th anniversary featured during the 2025 weekend, highlighting the circuit's global cultural impact.

Motorsport Events and Competitions

Formula One Events

Silverstone Circuit has been a cornerstone of since the inaugural World Championship race, the , won by in an , marking the debut of the series in front of King George VI. The track hosted non-championship events prior to this, including the 1948 won by and the 1949 International Trophy secured by , establishing Silverstone as a premier venue for single-seater racing before the championship era. Since 1950, Silverstone has hosted the in every edition except 1986, when the event moved to amid disputes between circuit owners and promoters; the 2025 race marked the 76th running of the championship and Silverstone's 57th hosting. Iconic moments define Silverstone's F1 legacy, beginning with the debut that set the tone for global spectacle. In 1973, the race drew an oversized 30-car grid due to lucrative prize money from sponsor John Player Special, leading to a catastrophic first-lap pile-up at Woodcote initiated by Jody Scheckter's spin, which eliminated over half the field and highlighted the era's safety concerns. A dramatic near-miss occurred in 1994 when Pedro Lamy's Lotus suffered rear wing failure, launching the car airborne into the underside of a pedestrian bridge at high speed, splitting the but sparing the driver serious after it slid into a service tunnel. More recently, the saw and collide at Copse corner on lap 1, with Verstappen's flipping into the barriers at over 180 mph, underscoring ongoing high-speed risks despite modern safeguards. In recent years, Silverstone has adapted to contemporary challenges while maintaining its prestige. The 2020 season featured a double-header due to the , with the in July followed by the in August, both won by Mercedes drivers and attracting limited but fervent crowds under strict protocols. secured an emotional home victory in 2024, his eighth at the circuit, fending off in wet-dry conditions. The 2025 edition featured competitive racing with British drivers challenging for victory amid variable weather conditions. These events are bolstered by support races from Formula 2 and Formula 3, providing emerging talent a platform on the historic layout. Silverstone's future in is secured through a 10-year contract extension announced in 2024, guaranteeing the until at least 2034 and affirming its status as F1's "home" circuit. The event delivers substantial economic impact, generating over £100 million annually in tourism and local spending, with major weekends drawing large crowds and supporting thousands of jobs in the UK's £16 billion sector.

Motorcycle Grand Prix Events

Silverstone Circuit hosted its inaugural in 1977, marking the first time the event moved from the Isle of Man TT to a mainland venue. The 500cc race was won by American rider Pat Hennen on a , with multiple crashes adding to the drama on the 4.71 km layout. The event continued annually through 1986, showcasing high-speed action on the former airfield runways before shifting to due to circuit upgrades and scheduling preferences. After a 23-year absence, the returned to in 2010 following Donington's financial struggles with its hosting contract. claimed victory in the MotoGP class that year on a Yamaha, setting the stage for consistent annual events through the on the modern 5.9 km Grand Prix configuration. The circuit's fast sweeps and elevation changes suited prototype motorcycles, though interruptions occurred: the 2020 edition was scrapped amid the . In recent years, Silverstone has solidified its role as the British GP venue, with the 2024 event highlighting home talent as secured a dramatic last-lap Moto2 victory over Aron Canet, while took MotoGP pole position for . The 2025 British GP delivered a full weekend of MotoGP, Moto2, and Moto3 action. Track adaptations for motorcycles include the removal of certain chicanes, such as at Woodcote, to enhance overtaking and flow compared to the layout. Support classes have integrated domestic series to boost attendance, with (BSB) Superstock races added in 2024 and plans for full superbike events in 2025. WorldSBK teams have conducted occasional pre-season tests at the circuit, leveraging its high-speed characteristics for superbike development. However, strict noise regulations—capping drive-by levels at 102 dB for motorcycles—pose ongoing challenges, requiring silencers and monitoring to comply with local environmental standards and avoid disruptions.

Other Racing Series and Competitions

Silverstone Circuit has been a key venue for endurance racing, hosting rounds of the (WEC) from 2012 to 2019, where it showcased high-stakes competitions among prototype and GT categories, including notable manufacturer rivalries in the LMP1 class. The circuit continues to feature endurance formats in series like the . This involvement aligns with broader endurance trends, such as the incorporation of hybrid powertrains in Hypercar and classes following WEC's 2021 regulations, which emphasize sustainable energy systems across recent seasons. The (BTCC) has featured annual rounds at since its inception in 1958 as the British Saloon Car Championship, utilizing the National Circuit layout to deliver close-quarters racing among production-based saloons. In 2025, the penultimate weekend of the season took place on September 20-21, featuring intense multi-car battles. Complementing this, the has held regular events at the circuit since 1994, pitting GT3 and GT4 machinery in sprint and endurance formats that highlight the track's high-speed corners. Silverstone also supports single-make GT series like the Porsche Carrera Cup Great Britain, which has contested rounds there annually since 2003, using the 911 GT3 Cup cars for fast-paced, one-make racing that often serves as a proving ground for emerging talents. Rounds 13 and 14 of the 2025 season occurred at the National Circuit on September 20-21, with drivers competing for Pro and Pro-Am honors in a championship known for its competitive depth. Historic racing thrives at Silverstone through the Historic Sports Car Club (HSCC), which organizes multiple events annually, including the Championship Finals on October 11-12, 2025, featuring categories like pre-1966 GT cars, 1970s Road Sports, and Classic . These gatherings preserve heritage with parades and races of vintage machinery, often tying into broader historic festivals such as the Festival, which echoes the display style of Goodwood events by showcasing over 800 classic entries in August 2025. The circuit further accommodates amateur and club racing via dedicated track days and testing sessions, allowing private teams and enthusiasts access to its layouts for non-championship practice. In recent years, Silverstone has expanded into electric karting with the launch of Kart Silverstone in autumn 2025, an FIA-licensed facility hosting rounds of the Elite Karting Series (EKS), including the 2025 season finale on November 29 for lightweight and heavyweight classes using electric karts. This development builds on prior e-karting initiatives from 2023-2024, promoting sustainable entry-level racing on a 1.3 km circuit designed for international championships. Earlier, in the and , the circuit served as a testing ground for Champ Car () teams, with sessions like those in 2003 evaluating open-wheel prototypes ahead of potential European expansion. Prior to 2000, Silverstone's origins as —a WWII bomber station opened in 1943—led to occasional airshows and aviation displays in the era, leveraging its runways for heritage events before full conversion to motorsport use.

Performance Records

Formula One Lap Records

The Formula One lap records at Silverstone Circuit reflect the evolution of car technology, track modifications, and race conditions over decades of British Grands Prix. The circuit's current Grand Prix configuration, measuring 5.891 km and featuring high-speed corners like Maggotts and Becketts, has facilitated progressively faster times since its major redesign in 2010, which introduced the Arena section and adjusted several turns for improved overtaking opportunities. Official records are verified by the FIA through transponder timing systems embedded in the track, ensuring accuracy down to milliseconds during qualifying and races. These records distinguish between qualifying laps (set in low-fuel, optimal conditions) and race laps (influenced by tire wear, fuel load, and traffic), with the latter often serving as the benchmark for all-time fastest laps during Grands Prix. The all-time race lap record on the current layout stands at 1:27.097, set by in the RB16 during the on lap 39, under dry conditions with medium tires. This time surpassed previous benchmarks and remains unbeaten as of the 2025 season, despite advancements in aerodynamics and power units. Prior to this, the fastest race lap was 1:27.369 by in the Mercedes W10 during the , highlighting the incremental gains from hybrid engine regulations introduced in 2014, which boosted and overall efficiency. On the pre-2010 layout, which lacked the section and featured a longer 5.057 km configuration, holds the historical race lap record of 1:30.874 in the Ferrari F10 during the 2010 , a time set just before the circuit's reconfiguration took full effect for subsequent events. Qualifying poles have pushed boundaries further, unencumbered by race constraints. The current pole record is 1:24.892, achieved by in the Red Bull RB21 during the 2025 British Grand Prix qualifying, benefiting from refined ground-effect and enhanced compounds. This eclipsed his own previous mark of 1:26.720 from the in the RB19, where variable weather in Q3 added complexity but did not prevent a strong performance. Earlier, the 2010 pole by Mark Webber (1:29.615 in the ) represented the transition era, with lap times improving markedly post-2011 due to the (DRS), which allowed drivers to open rear wings in designated zones for up to 0.5 seconds of gain per lap in qualifying and practice sessions. Hybrid powertrains from 2014 further accelerated progress, enabling average speeds exceeding 230 km/h on straights like Hangar Straight. Race lap averages vary by conditions and strategy, with the 2020 British Grand Prix producing the fastest overall race pace at an average of approximately 1:28.5 across the leaders, driven by Mercedes and dominance. In contrast, the 2025 British Grand Prix saw the fastest race lap of 1:29.337 by in the MCL39 on lap 42, moderated by a drying track after early rain and strategic tire choices favoring intermediates initially. Weather has notably influenced records; the 2021 British Grand Prix, marred by heavy rain from lap 18 onward, resulted in slower times, with Sergio Pérez's 1:28.084 on lap 49 marking the fastest under mixed conditions but invalidated for record purposes due to non-dry standards set by FIA guidelines. No new race lap record was set in 2025, as Piastri's time fell short of Verstappen's 2020 benchmark amid cooler temperatures and setup compromises for the variable forecast.
CategoryTimeDriver (Team)YearNotes
All-Time Race Lap (Current Layout)1:27.097 ( RB16)2020Set on lap 39, dry conditions, medium tires.
Historical Race Lap (Pre-2010 Layout)1:30.874 (Ferrari F10)2010Final race on old configuration.
Current Pole Position1:24.892 ( RB21)2025Q3 lap, dry, soft tires.
Fastest Race Lap (2025 GP)1:29.337 ( MCL39)2025Set on lap 42, post-rain drying track.

Motorcycle and Other Category Lap Records

Silverstone Circuit has hosted numerous motorcycle and non-Formula One automotive categories, yielding a range of lap records influenced by vehicle specifications, track configurations, and technological advancements such as tire compounds and . In , particularly within the MotoGP classes, records reflect the balance between high-downforce prototypes and race conditions, where softer tire compounds enable faster qualifying laps but race laps prioritize durability over outright speed. Bike , optimized for cornering stability at high speeds on Silverstone's sweeping turns like Maggotts and Becketts, contribute significantly to these times, often differing from car records due to narrower contact patches and . For MotoGP, the outright qualifying lap record stands at 1:57.233, set by on a Yamaha during the 2025 , surpassing previous marks through refined electronics and Michelin front tire grip. The fastest race lap record is 1:58.895 by on an RS-GP24 in 2024, achieved under race fuel loads and emphasizing consistent pace over a full distance. These records highlight how qualifying sessions allow for low-fuel, soft-tire runs, while race laps account for thermal degradation and traffic, as of November 2025. In the support classes, Moto2 records demonstrate the impact of non-hybrid 250cc prototypes, where aerodynamics focus on mid-corner speed rather than top-end power. The qualifying lap record is 2:02.940 by on a Boscoscuro in 2024, while the race fastest lap is 2:03.984 by Aron Canet on a during the same event. For Moto3, the 250cc class emphasizes agility, with Adrian Fernández setting the race lap record of 2:09.727 on a in 2024's fourth lap, benefiting from lighter and aggressive tire warm-up strategies. These times underscore how smaller-displacement bikes rely on rider and ground-effect aero for gains in Silverstone's technical sections.
CategoryRecord TypeTimeRider / DriverMachine / CarYearSource
MotoGPQualifying1:57.233Yamaha2025
MotoGPRace Lap1:58.895 RS-GP242024
Moto2Qualifying2:02.940Boscoscuro2024
Moto2Race Lap2:03.984Aron Canet2024
Moto3Race Lap2:09.727Adrian Fernández2024
Beyond motorcycles, non-F1 car categories at Silverstone showcase diverse performance envelopes, from endurance prototypes to touring cars, where hybrid systems and levels interact with the circuit's high-speed layout. In the LMP1 class of the (WEC), the lap record was established at 1:40.836 by in an e-tron quattro during the 2015 6 Hours of Silverstone, leveraging early hybrid energy deployment for boosts through Hangar Straight. GT3 cars, common in series like the , saw a benchmark of 2:00.575 set by a Bentley Continental GT3 in 2018, aided by wider tires and adjustable aero for balanced cornering. The (BTCC) record is 1:23.475 by in a 330i during 2022 qualifying, reflecting turbocharged engine mapping optimized for Silverstone's zones. These automotive often evolve with regulation changes, such as aero restrictions in GT3 to promote closer racing. On the shorter National Circuit configuration (approximately 1.64 km, used for junior formulas), records emphasize nimble handling over outright power. A representative example is the record of 1:00.456, set in recent testing, highlighting the circuit's tight corners like Luffield and the role of slick tires in achieving sub-minute s. For 2025 WEC events at , LMP2 records were set around 1:41.xxx by / s in the class, incorporating sustainable fuel blends that maintained grip without significant time loss, though full details await official from the April 2025 event. Factors like car —wider wings in LMP for stability versus bikes' leaning dynamics—explain why cars several seconds faster than GT or touring variants despite similar power outputs.

Safety and Incidents

Notable Fatalities

Silverstone Circuit has seen numerous fatalities since its inaugural race in 1948, with a total of 35 recorded driver deaths across various events at the track, the vast majority occurring before when standards were far less advanced than today. These incidents, primarily involving drivers but also marshals and spectators, underscored the dangers of early and prompted gradual improvements in track design, vehicle , and emergency response protocols. One of the circuit's first tragic losses was St. John "Jock" Horsfall on 20 August 1949 during the BRDC International Trophy. The 39-year-old British driver, a former secret agent during , lost control of his ERA R4B at Stowe corner, the car overturning and causing a fatal neck injury; the race continued without interruption, highlighting the era's lax safety attitudes. In 1955, during a private test session, British driver Mark Lund was killed when his veered off at corner and rolled, ejecting him from the car with fatal injuries; this incident occurred amid a broader context of rising concerns over spectator safety following the disaster earlier that year, though no spectators were harmed at . The 1960 season brought the death of Franco-American driver Harry Schell on 13 May during practice for the non-championship International Trophy race. The 38-year-old, the first American to compete in , crashed his Cooper T51-Climax at Curve, suffering unsurvivable injuries in what was one of the track's high-speed fatalities during the era. A decade later, on 25 May 1970, British Formula 2 driver Martin Brain, aged 37, died in a support race when his Cooper T86B-BRM veered off the track while battling for position and struck a , emphasizing the risks of narrower run-off areas in lower formulas at the time. The is remembered for its chaotic opening-lap pile-up at Woodcote, triggered by Jody Scheckter's spin, which eliminated nine cars but resulted in no fatalities; however, the incident highlighted vulnerabilities in starting procedures and pack racing, though it did not claim lives directly. No marshal deaths were reported that year at the circuit. In 1977, the weekend passed without fatalities, but the era's dangers were evident elsewhere in ; Silverstone itself saw no driver or losses during the event, reflecting incremental gains like better barriers. More recently, on 27 July 2014, 69-year-old British veteran died following a crash in the pre-1966 Grand Prix cars race at the Silverstone Classic. Welch's Lotus 18 flipped at Luffield after a collision, and he passed away from injuries at John Radcliffe Hospital; an confirmed the accident's circumstances, with no other casualties. In 1978, during a support race at the meeting, four s—Nigel Tan, David Allen, Geoffrey De Nevers, and John A. Hunt—were killed when a car veered off the track at Woodcote, striking their ; this tragic event prompted immediate reviews of marshal positioning and barriers. No fatalities have been reported in events at Silverstone Circuit from 2020 through November 2025, a testament to enhanced safety features including advanced barriers, halo devices in single-seaters, and rigorous training, ensuring the track's evolution into one of motorsport's safer venues.

Safety Measures and Improvements

Safety measures at Silverstone Circuit have evolved significantly since its inception as a racing venue in the late , transitioning from basic containment methods to advanced technological integrations aligned with international standards. In the and , rudimentary protections dominated, with hay bales and oil drums positioned along the track edges to absorb impacts and prevent vehicles from crossing into spectator areas. The catastrophic , which resulted in over 80 spectator deaths, catalyzed immediate safety enhancements across motorsport circuits, including the installation of early guardrails and the construction of raised earth banks at Silverstone to improve and separation between the track and crowds. During the 1970s and 1980s, responses to high-profile incidents, such as the 1973 fire involving driver at , prompted broader F1 safety reforms that influenced Silverstone, including mandatory fire-resistant driver suits and enhanced marshal fire training protocols. By 1988, the circuit expanded runoff areas at key corners like Copse and Stowe, providing drivers with greater recovery space and reducing collision risks with rigid barriers; these changes were part of a circuit-wide effort to slow speeds and mitigate impact forces. Armco guardrails, introduced in the 1970s, further supplemented these updates by offering more durable containment than earlier hay bale setups. The 1990s and 2000s marked a shift toward specialized impact-absorbing technologies, driven by FIA mandates following the 1994 tragedies. In 1994, rapidly deployed TecPro barriers—modular, energy-dissipating blocks filled with foam—at high-speed sections, replacing less effective tire stacks and rigid Armco rails to better distribute crash forces and protect both drivers and . Later, in 2018, the circuit served as a primary testing ground for the FIA's halo device, a curved structure mounted above the cockpit to shield drivers from airborne debris and wheels; successful demonstrations at contributed to its mandatory adoption across from that season onward. Into the 2010s and 2020s, Silverstone continued prioritizing resilient track surfaces and rapid response capabilities. In 2001, several gravel traps were converted to high-friction asphalt runoffs, enabling drivers to maintain and braking control after excursions rather than becoming immobilized, a change advocated by safety experts like John Fitch to prevent secondary impacts. The circuit maintains FIA Grade 1 certification, ensuring compliance with stringent regulations under FIA Appendix J for vehicle and circuit standards, including mandatory runoff dimensions and barrier specifications. Medical facilities underwent enhancements, with the on-site center featuring a dedicated landing pad for swift evacuations to nearby hospitals, operational since major pit area upgrades in the mid-2000s. These progressive enhancements have demonstrably improved safety outcomes at , contributing to a sharp decline in fatalities from a peak in the 1970s—when multiple racing deaths occurred annually across —to zero in events since the early and no major incidents in premier series post-2007, underscoring the effectiveness of combined structural, regulatory, and technological interventions.

References

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