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ITV London
ITV London
ITV London
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ITV London is the on-air brand name used by ITV Broadcasting Limited for two broadcast franchises of ITV, Carlton Television (weekdays) and London Weekend Television (weekends) in the London ITV region. Its terrestrial digital signal is transmitted from Crystal Palace in South London.

Key Information

History

[edit]
See also: Carlton Television and London Weekend Television

As part of a network-wide rebrand, ITV1 London was formed on 28 October 2002, as a unified on-air service provided to viewers for both the Carlton and LWT franchises, running on weekdays and weekends respectively. It replaced the unique branding used by both franchisees with a unified service, offering the same service and news all week round. Legally, both franchises remained separate, but they are run by the same operating board and from the same facilities. Both licences are now held by ITV Broadcasting Ltd, but the original two companies still legally exist as Carlton Television Ltd and London Weekend Television Ltd.[1][2] The latter company is, along with most other regional companies owned by ITV plc, listed on Companies House as a "Dormant company".

ITV London is also unique in that it supplies the network feed for the other franchises and is the sole alternative ITV region to Sky, Freesat and Virgin Media customers. This service, available on channels 973, 977 and 853 respectively, is so that audio description services, which are only carried on the London variant on these services, are readily available to all viewers. Other regional variants are available by manually searching, but London is the only region to be given an exclusive EPG slot.

Studios

[edit]
See also: The London Studios

ITV London was based at The London Studios, on the south bank of the River Thames, the former home of London Weekend franchisee London Weekend Television. The centre was chosen due to both companies presence in the centre; Carlton having leased space within the facility, alongside GMTV, since 1993. The contracted news service London News Network was also based, produced and broadcast from the centre. The London Studios closed in 2018.

Identity

[edit]

The services' on-screen identity has been generic throughout its existence, and has used no on-screen branding to identify it as ITV London, with the exception of one junction after the launch of the 2003 network rebrand. Since launch, the region has seen the plain generic idents seen by the rest of the country, without any regional variance identifying it as London; the other regions at this time received a regional ident with the region name below the ITV1 logo. Any reference to the service being in London is made in the voiceover alone, or through the programme titles, such as London Tonight.

Some identity remained on the regional programming end boards however, as each company still produced programmes for the region: Carlton used a red and orange version of their star idents used prior to 2002 with the caption A Carlton Production, with For London added for regional programming,[3] while LWT used a generic purple caption with their logo added into the background. The LWT logo was also laid out in a purple box clearly at the top, with the caption An LWT Production beneath and the Granada plc logo at the bottom.[4] These endboards lasted until 2 February 2004, when ITV plc was formed and both regional captions were replaced by a generic ITV London logo and An ITV Production caption against a blue squared background.[5] This was replaced in 2006 by a blue caption featuring the new ITV1 logo with the words "a production for" above it. In 2013, it was replaced by a white ITV News caption with the words "© ITN year", to align with ITN's and ITV plc's other national and regional news bulletins.

Today[when?], the only distinction between the two original regions on-screen is that local weather forecasts broadcast from Friday night to Sunday is branded as London Weekend Weather, and is sponsored by a different company to the weekday forecasts.

On 14 January 2013, the station's on-air identity was changed to ITV, along with all other ITV plc-owned franchises.

On 15 November 2022, the on-air identity was reverted to ITV1.

Productions

[edit]

ITV London itself doesn't make any programmes, as all productions were completed by external companies, Carlton, LWT or London News Network. The News and Sport for the region continued to be provided by LNN until 1 March 2004, when ITN took over production of London Tonight, resulting in the move of the programme from The London Studios to ITN's headquarters at Gray's Inn Road. Other regional programmes continued to be produced for the region by the two legal franchises, Carlton and LWT, and the companies were accredited at the end of the production until 2004, when it was replaced by an ITV London caption for both companies following the ITV plc merger.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

ITV London

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from Grokipedia
ITV London is the regional iteration of the ITV network serving and parts of the surrounding , operated by ITV Broadcasting Limited—a of —and providing localized programming such as news bulletins, weather forecasts, and regional features alongside the national schedule. The service traces its origins to the launch of independent commercial television in the United Kingdom on 22 September 1955, when the London weekday franchise was awarded to , which began broadcasting from studios at Television House in Kingsway, initially reaching an estimated 600,000 television sets in the London area and . The inaugural broadcast featured an outside broadcast from the in , marking the introduction of advertising-supported TV with the first commercial airing for Gibbs SR Toothpaste shortly after 8 p.m., while provided bulletins from the outset. In the early years, London's ITV output was split between weekday and weekend operations to foster competition, with (ATV) securing the weekend franchise and commencing transmissions on 24 September 1955 with programs like and Sunday Night at the London Palladium, the latter achieving up to 84% audience share by year's end. The 1968 franchise renewals by the Independent Television Authority restructured the network, replacing with for London weekdays starting 30 July 1968 and confirming (LWT) for weekends from the same date, both operating from dedicated studios in the city. This period saw expansions in color broadcasting from 1969 and a focus on high-profile productions, though the split-franchise model persisted amid evolving regulations. The 1990s brought significant upheaval under the Broadcasting Act 1990, which introduced competitive bidding for franchises; Thames lost the London weekday slot to Carlton Television in 1991 after failing to meet the financial threshold, shifting production to Carlton's facilities at The London Television Centre. LWT retained its weekend franchise following the 1991 bidding, which Granada acquired in 1994. The merger of Carlton and Granada in 2004 formed ITV plc, unifying the London service under ITV Broadcasting Limited and centralizing much of the network's output, though regional news and programming commitments remain mandated by Ofcom. Today, ITV London airs from in and delivers approximately 3 hours of regional news programming weekly, including the flagship ITV London News bulletin, emphasizing local stories from the capital and while adhering to public service obligations renewed by for a full ten-year term until 2034. The service has evolved with digital platforms like , integrating streaming for on-demand access to its regional output, and continues to play a pivotal role in the UK's landscape as part of ITV's broader portfolio of over 7,000 hours of annual production.

Overview

Formation and Role

ITV London was established on 28 October 2002 as a unified regional broadcasting service, replacing the separate weekday operations of and weekend operations of . This unification aligned with a broader network-wide to , enabling a single on-air identity for the London region while maintaining the distinct licensing framework for weekdays and weekends. As one of the regional services within the ITV network (which holds 15 Channel 3 regional licences overall), ITV London is responsible for delivering localized programming, including regional and current affairs, to viewers in and parts of surrounding areas, while also contributing to the national schedule through shared content and production. It fulfills broadcasting obligations, such as providing a minimum of regional output and ensuring diverse content that reflects local interests, as mandated by regulations. Legally, ITV London operates under ITV Broadcasting Limited, a wholly owned of , which holds 13 of the 15 Channel 3 regional licences, including the two for (weekday and weekend). This structure allows for centralized scheduling and operations across the network, but preserves specific regional commitments, such as tailored advertising and content quotas. In addition to its core broadcasting duties, ITV London, as part of the ITV network, provides as a secondary audio track on its programming to enhance for visually impaired viewers. This feature is available on satellite and cable platforms such as , , and by selecting the audio description option via remote controls or settings menus, supporting compliance with accessibility standards.

Broadcast Area and Technical Details

ITV London's primary broadcast area encompasses and adjacent parts of the , including the such as , , , and . This coverage serves a potential audience of approximately 14 million viewers, making it one of the largest regional ITV services in terms of population reach. The main transmission is handled by the Crystal Palace transmitting station, located in south London, which provides the core signal for the majority of the region and is the most populous transmitter site in the UK. For fringe areas in and , where terrain such as the can obstruct signals from Crystal Palace, the Reigate transmitting station on Reigate Hill delivers supplementary coverage to ensure comprehensive reception across the licensed area. Technically, ITV London completed its transition to fully with the analogue switch-off on 18 2012, aligning with the national digital switchover programme that began in 2007 and concluded in 2012. The service operates within the national ITV1 multiplex on (DTT), utilizing standards for high-definition content where available. As part of the broader ITV network, it integrates seamlessly with other platforms, allowing viewers access via Freeview on channel 1, and on channel 101, Virgin Media on channel 101, and online streaming through the app and website.

Historical Development

Pre-2002 Regional Services

The Independent Television (ITV) network was established in 1955 under the Independent Television Authority, with London's initial service provided by for weekdays starting on 22 September 1955, marking the launch of commercial television in the UK. This weekday franchise evolved through mergers and renewals, transitioning to in 1968 following the franchise round that split London's services into separate weekday and weekend operations. The weekend franchise, awarded in the same 1968 round, went to (LWT), creating a unique dual-franchise structure for the capital that persisted for decades. Thames Television, formed as a joint venture between the Associated British Picture Corporation and British Electric Traction, held the London weekday franchise from 1968 until its loss in the 1991 franchise auction under the Broadcasting Act 1990. Carlton Television secured the franchise with a £43.2 million bid, outbidding Thames's £32.5 million offer, and commenced broadcasting on 1 January 1993, focusing on acquired programming and limited original content for weekdays. Carlton established the London News Network (LNN) in 1993 as a joint venture with LWT to produce regional news bulletins for both weekday and weekend services, operating from studios on the South Bank. LNN provided dedicated London news coverage, including evening programs, until its closure in 2004 amid cost pressures following the broader ITV consolidation. London Weekend Television, launched on 30 July 1968 under a led by , specialized in entertainment and light programming for Fridays through Sundays, becoming known for hits such as (1985–2003) and the An Audience with... series featuring celebrity interviews. LWT retained its franchise through the 1990s auction with a low bid of £22.5 million annually, avoiding the upheaval that affected its weekday counterpart. The company used its iconic "panda" logo—a stylized animal design—from launch until 1992, when it adopted a more modern identity amid network-wide changes. Throughout the , Carlton and LWT maintained distinct on-air identities and production slates, with handovers between the services occurring seamlessly during commercial breaks on Fridays and Mondays. This separation reflected the Independent Television Commission's emphasis on regional , though rising operational costs and regulatory pressures for network led to the agreement for the merger of Carlton and (LWT's owner since 1994) in 2002, completed in 2004, culminating in a unified ITV London service.

Unification and Early Years

The unification of ITV's London services into a single entity was enabled by approval from the Independent Television Commission (ITC), the regulator at the time and predecessor to established in 2003. These approvals facilitated the integration of separate weekday and weekend operations in . The process aimed to streamline broadcasting amid increasing competition from digital platforms and to achieve efficiencies in a fragmenting media landscape. Full on-air unification of and (LWT) occurred on 28 October 2002, marking the launch of the brand across . This ended the distinct weekday (Carlton) and weekend (LWT) identities, with all regional programming now presented under a unified ITV banner featuring a single and continuity announcements voiced as "ITV1 London". The rebranding extended to production credits, where LWT appeared only in end captions for legacy programs, while network idents emphasized national cohesion with regional opt-outs. Operationally, the merger integrated staffs from Carlton and LWT into a combined structure, centralizing and promotional activities to eliminate overlapping functions. By the end of 2002, all London-based programming transitioned to the new banner, supported by a £750,000 investment in updated idents and graphics featuring celebrities like Ant and Dec. This shift prioritized a seamless viewer experience, though some regional distinctiveness persisted in program scheduling. In its early years, ITV London faced challenges in realizing synergies from the merger, including efforts to achieve cost savings through shared resources such as centralized continuity from London and reduced duplication in administrative roles. A key operational adjustment came in with the dissolution of the London News Network (LNN), the joint venture that had produced regional news since 1993; its functions were absorbed by , relocating production to ITN's headquarters. This move, part of broader post-merger efficiencies following Carlton and Granada's full combination into , streamlined news output but raised concerns over localized coverage.

Key Changes Post-2010

In the years following 2010, ITV London experienced significant centralization as part of broader efforts to streamline operations and adapt to declining linear TV audiences. A pivotal change occurred in 2012 when ITV proposed reductions in regional news programming to , aiming to consolidate weekday evening bulletins by aggregating content from multiple regions into shorter formats. approved these adjustments in 2013, allowing most English regions, excluding London, to cut early-evening regional news from 30 minutes to 20 minutes while maintaining overall weekly quotas at around 200 minutes per region, including a minimum of 150 minutes of regional news per week. This shift reduced the autonomy of regional services like ITV London, which retained its full 30-minute bulletin but saw minimized non-news local output, with commissioning increasingly handled nationally by rather than regionally. By emphasizing national schedules produced by and independents, these changes positioned ITV London primarily as a hub for local news and , handling only about 10-15% of total output as regional content. The launch of the streaming platform on 8 December 2022 marked another major evolution, providing a unified on-demand ecosystem with over 10,000 hours of initial content. As the UK's first combined ad-supported and subscription video-on-demand service, ITVX offered postcode-based access to national feeds, with archived episodes available for 24 hours post-broadcast; dedicated regional news services enabling live regional streams for ITV London's news and weather opt-outs were added in November 2023. This boosted accessibility for London viewers, allowing seamless switching between national and regional feeds and fostering hybrid viewing habits amid a 20% rise in streaming hours for ITV content in 2023. As of November 2025, entered preliminary discussions to sell its Media and Entertainment division, encompassing the broadcasting arm and regional services such as ITV London, to Comcast-owned for approximately £1.6 billion ($2.15 billion), excluding the production unit. The potential deal, confirmed by ITV on November 7, 2025, aims to offload linear TV assets amid ongoing revenue pressures from , though it remains subject to regulatory approval and is not yet finalized. If completed, this transaction could further diminish ITV London's operational independence by integrating it into 's portfolio, potentially accelerating the shift away from traditional regional broadcasting models.

Corporate Structure

Ownership and Governance

ITV London is owned by , a British media company that acquired full control of the service in 2012 as part of the broader unification of ITV's regional operations. holds 13 of the 15 regional Channel 3 licenses across the , with ITV London functioning as a non-franchisee region managed through its subsidiary, ITV Broadcasting Limited, which is the designated licensee for the London area. The governance of ITV London falls under ITV plc's executive board, chaired by Andrew Cosslett and led by Chief Executive Dame , who oversees strategic decisions including regional broadcasting commitments. As a broadcaster, the service is regulated by , which imposes specific quotas to ensure local relevance, such as a minimum of 10 hours per week of regional programming including news, current affairs, and other content. Financially, ITV London operates within ITV plc's Media & Entertainment division, which generates revenue primarily through advertising sales, content distribution, and streaming platforms like . According to ITV plc's 2024 and Accounts, the group's total revenue reached £3.488 billion, reflecting the integrated structure supporting regional services like ITV London. ITV London has had no independent ownership since , when operational mergers eliminated separate weekday and weekend licensees for the region. As of November 2025, is engaged in preliminary talks to sell its broadcasting arm, including regional licenses such as ITV London, to (owned by ) in a deal valued at £1.6 billion; this would transfer broadcasting rights while allowing to retain its production assets in .

Headquarters and Administrative Operations

The administrative headquarters for is located at ITV White City, , 201 Wood Lane, W12 7RU, serving as the central hub for regional scheduling and regulatory compliance within . These operations encompass the management of regional advertising sales through specialized teams that facilitate targeted campaigns for local businesses across the area and parts of the South East. Administrative duties also include processing audience feedback via dedicated viewer services and preparing compliance reports for to meet broadcasting obligations. The team integrates closely with 's national divisions for program commissioning, ensuring alignment between regional needs and broader content strategies. ITV London's administrative staff operates within ITV plc's overall workforce of 6,613 employees, with more than 2,000 personnel based at headquarters dedicated to oversight functions such as scheduling, compliance, and regional rather than core production activities. Following the 2019 sale of the London Television Centre for £145.6 million, administrative operations experienced no major relocations until the full consolidation at in early 2022, which brought all London-based teams under one roof. Post-2018, these operations have been streamlined through organizational redesigns, yielding cumulative cost savings of £190 million by 2024 via efficiency programs and reduced overheads.

Facilities and Infrastructure

Studios and Production Sites

ITV London's production facilities have historically centered on key sites in , with significant shifts following the closure of its primary studio complex. , located on the in , served as the main production hub for ITV's London operations from 1971 until its closure on 30 April 2018. Originally built for (LWT), the facility later hosted productions under and the London News Network (LNN), accommodating a range of regional and network programming. Following the closure, the site underwent redevelopment, with demolition commencing in early 2025 to make way for new office and mixed-use buildings as part of a £700 million project approved after legal challenges. In the immediate aftermath of the closure, ITV London's daytime and regional productions relocated to studios at the BBC's former Television Centre in White City, , where they operated from to 2025. Specifically, productions utilized Studios TC0 through TC3, managed by , to host shows such as This Morning and , ensuring continuity during the transition period. This arrangement reflected ITV's reliance on external studio partnerships, a model in place since 2004 when the company ceased maintaining dedicated in-house facilities for its region, instead partnering with for production and for news. As of late 2025, ITV London's daytime programming has begun transitioning, with Good Morning Britain relocating to ITN's facilities on in King's Cross and other shows such as This Morning, , and moving to The H Club Studios in —a site formerly known as Celebro Studios at 24 Endell Street—with the relocation announced in September 2025 and full operations commencing in January 2026. This move centralizes shows like This Morning at a new creative hub in the West End, emphasizing flexible production spaces. Meanwhile, regional news for ITV London continues to be produced at ITN's facilities on in King's Cross, where dedicated studios handle bulletins and reporting. These partnerships underscore ITV London's operational strategy, leveraging specialized external expertise without owning proprietary studio infrastructure.

Transmission and Distribution

ITV London's transmission is managed by ITV plc's broadcast division in partnership with , which oversees the terrestrial signal distribution across the UK's 1,154-site transmitter network, including the key transmitter serving the London region. The primary uplink for regional feeds originates from facilities in the White City area in , where ITV's headquarters are located, facilitating seamless integration with national playout operations handled by at nearby . Distribution of ITV London content occurs across multiple platforms, aligning with the national service on Freeview (channel 3), (channel 103), (channel 103), and (channel 103). Regional variants, including London-specific news and programming, are accessible on-demand through the streaming app, which detects user location via postcode to deliver tailored feeds. Since 2016, ITV has supported full HD broadcasting for its channels, with 4K UHD capabilities introduced progressively on for select content, enhancing viewer experience across compatible devices. and subtitling are mandated by regulations, with ITV achieving 100% subtitling coverage on linear TV and video-on-demand services, alongside voluntarily providing at least 20% audio description on —exceeding the Ofcom-mandated 10% quota—including regional outputs to ensure accessibility. Following the ITVX launch in December 2022, the platform recorded over 3 billion streams in 2025, with regional content contributing to accessibility through geo-targeted on-demand options for news and .

On-Air Identity

Branding Evolution

Prior to the unification of ITV services in 2002, ITV 's on-air branding reflected its split weekday-weekend structure, with handling weekdays and (LWT) covering weekends. Carlton's branding prominently featured a distinctive chevron logo, introduced in 1991 and used throughout its tenure until 2002, symbolizing modernity and urban energy in idents that often incorporated landmarks and diverse city scenes. In contrast, LWT's identity centered on an eye or mask motif within its tri-color , evolving from the 1968 launch through various animations like the 1986 "blinds" effect and the 1999 "Videowall" ident, which emphasized glamorous, entertainment-focused visuals tied to weekend programming. The launch of generic idents on October 28, 2002, marked a pivotal shift, replacing regional-specific branding with a unified national look to streamline the network amid consolidation. This change eliminated unique regional idents across , including 's, aligning with efforts to foster network cohesion as regulated by following its 2003 establishment, which prioritized overall ITV unity while maintaining minimal regional obligations. For , the logo adopted a color variant in idents filmed on yellow-and-blue sets featuring channel stars in casual scenarios, though announcer references specified "ITV1 for " to retain subtle geographic ties. From January 14, 2013, to November 14, 2022, ITV simplified its branding by dropping the "1" numeral, adopting a streamlined "ITV" logo to further emphasize national unity and reduce distinctions between linear and on-demand services. This period saw continued use of generic idents without regional variations, reinforcing the post-2002 erasure of unique on-air identities for . On November 15, 2022, ITV reverted to the "" branding for its main channel to enhance clarity amid the launch of the streaming platform, distinguishing broadcast from on-demand content. Regional elements re-emerged subtly through EPG listings as "ITV London," but no unique idents were restored, preserving the network's cohesive visual strategy established two decades prior. In September 2025, ITV unveiled an evolved brand identity, developed in collaboration with Studio Kiln, introducing "the apex" as a flexible motif with over 50 variations inspired by the "X," elevating Spark Yellow as the primary color, and simplifying sub-channel signposting to strengthen the masterbrand across platforms. This update, marking ITV's most significant refresh since , maintained the national unified approach with no restoration of unique regional idents or visuals specific to ITV London.

Regional Identifiers

ITV London's regional identifiers are confined to targeted localized elements within its broadcast presentation, emphasizing and weather to distinguish it from the national schedule while adhering to centralized branding. The primary identifier is the local program, branded as (previously known as London Tonight), which has been produced by since 2004 and broadcasts a 30-minute edition on weekdays at 6:00 pm, along with shorter weekend bulletins. Weather segments carry the titles "London Weather" for weekday forecasts and "London Weekend Weather" for weekends, presented using the standard national ITV graphics package but tailored with region-specific predictions for and the . Additional markers include electronic programme guide (EPG) listings that flag local content, such as opt-outs, and a dedicated website section at itv.com/london offering highlights of regional programming; however, following the centralization of ITV's presentation operations, the region no longer employs dedicated continuity announcers, relying instead on national voiceovers. These opt-outs total around 30-60 minutes daily for news and weather, fulfilling Ofcom's minimum quotas for regional current affairs and non-news programming to balance local relevance with the overall national schedule integrity.

Programming and Content

Regional News and Weather

ITV News London serves as the primary regional news program for the ITV London franchise, broadcasting a 30-minute weekday bulletin at 6:00 PM, along with shorter updates and weekend editions at varying times. Produced by since 2004, the program focuses on stories relevant to London and the , such as transport disruptions, local politics, cultural events, and community issues. Weather forecasts are integrated into the news bulletins as brief 2-3 minute segments, presented live from ITN's studios at 200 in . These segments draw on data provided by the , customized to highlight conditions across the London area, including temperature, precipitation, and travel impacts specific to urban and surrounding suburban zones. Since the launch of in December 2022, has enhanced its digital presence, offering full episodes and clips for on-demand viewing to extend accessibility beyond linear broadcasts. ITV London relies entirely on ITN for news production and journalism, maintaining no dedicated in-house reporting team, with the franchise responsible solely for regional transmission and opt-out scheduling.

Network Programming Contributions

ITV London's contributions to the national ITV schedule have been limited since the 2004 merger that formed ITV plc, with no regular in-house productions for the network thereafter. Prior to this, as London Weekend Television (LWT), the company was a major supplier of weekend programming, including landmark series such as The South Bank Show, which aired from 1978 to 2010 and explored arts and culture, and light entertainment hits like Blind Date and An Audience with.... These shows were integral to the ITV network, often filling prime-time slots and reaching audiences across the UK. Following the integration into ITV plc, production credits for such content shifted to the centralized ITV Studios, which now handles most network commissions from independent producers or its own labels. In the current landscape, ITV London's primary network involvement consists of providing brief regional inserts within national programmes, such as local promotional links or weather updates tailored for viewers in shows like Good Morning Britain. These opt-outs allow for localized continuity without disrupting the core schedule, fulfilling regulatory requirements for regional representation while keeping production minimal. Additionally, ITV London supports the streaming platform with London-specific extras, including on-demand clips from regional news and promotional content that enhances the national catalogue for local audiences. As part of ITV plc's broader operations, ITV London contributes indirectly to the distribution of approximately 7,000 hours of original network programming annually produced by . In addition to , ITV London provides regional features and other localized content, contributing to around 20 hours of regional programming weekly as mandated by . This structure reflects ITV London's integration into ITV plc's unified model, where centralized commissioning prioritizes efficiency and scale over regional in-house creation for network content.

References

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  51. https://www.slaughterandmay.com/recent-work/slaughter-and-may-is-advising-itv-plc-on-the-sale-of-the-london-television-centre/
  52. https://www.cityam.com/itv-moves-all-london-staff-to-white-city-creative-campus/
  53. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/feb/21/itv-shut-london-studio-40-year-history-top-programming-south-bank-hq
  54. https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/tech/bbc-studioworks-creates-homes-for-itv-daytime-shows-/5130645.article
  55. https://www.itv.com/presscentre/media-releases/white-city-become-itvs-london-home
  56. https://www.itv.com/presscentre/media-releases/itv-studios-confirms-new-home-its-award-winning-daytime-shows
  57. https://www.itn.co.uk/newsrooms/itv-news
  58. https://www.arqiva.com/media/tv/tv-transmission
  59. https://www.tvforum.co.uk/mediatech/itv-playout-structure-42709
  60. https://rxtvinfo.com/freesat-channel-list-uk/
  61. https://mediamole.co.uk/freeview-channels-list/
  62. https://www.virginmedia.com/content/dam/virginmedia/dotcom/documents/Redwood/2024_Channel_Guides/ChannelGuide_June_24.pdf
  63. https://support.itv.com/en_us/how-do-i-watch-live-regional-content-on-itvx-r1YGBe3u6
  64. https://www.ofcom.org.uk/tv-radio-and-on-demand/accessibility/ensuring-quality-of-tv-and-on-demand-access-services
  65. https://assets.ctfassets.net/ocdmnrzoyjs7/61Trlelgdu3H8G63fOa4w1/7ba725bdf6e5b9d4303ce5234408add2/ITV_Accessibility_Standards_Policy_v1.1.UA.pdf
  66. https://www.itv.com/presscentre/media-releases/itvx-smashes-streaming-records-hitting-3-billion-streams
  67. https://www.itv.com/presscentre/press-releases/itvx-uks-freshest-streaming-service-launch-8th-december
  68. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/10/broadcasting.ITV
  69. https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/itv1-replaces-regional-idents-single-logo/162185
  70. https://www.tvwhirl.co.uk/presentation/itv/national/itv1-2002-2003/
  71. https://variety.com/2022/tv/global/itv-rebrand-itvx-streaming-1235432054/
  72. https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/entertainment/itv-rebrand-channel-itv1-newsupdate/
  73. https://www.creativeboom.com/news/itv-unveils-evolved-brand-identity-with-studio-kiln/
  74. https://www.creativereview.co.uk/itv-brand-identity-the-apex-studio-kiln/
  75. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/dec/03/tvnews.itv
  76. https://www.itv.com/news/london/weather
  77. https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0030/62877/itv-regional-news.pdf
  78. https://www.itn.co.uk/home
  79. https://www.itv.com/presscentre/sites/default/files/2025-09/70_years_of_making_what_matters.pdf
  80. https://www.itv.com/presscentre/media-releases/itv-studios-closes-out-2024-raft-deals-its-diverse-non-scripted-slate
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