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Inner Mongolia incident
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Inner Mongolia incident
The Inner Mongolia incident, or the Inner Mongolia People's Revolutionary Party purge incident (Chinese: 内人党事件; pinyin: Nèi rén dǎng shìjiàn), was a massive political purge which occurred during the Cultural Revolution in Inner Mongolia. The purge was supported by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and was led by Teng Haiqing, a lieutenant general (zhong jiang) of the People's Liberation Army. It took place from 1967 to 1969, during which over a million people were categorized as members of the already-dissolved Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (PRP), and tens of thousands of people, most of whom were Mongols, were lynched and massacred.
According to the official complaint from the Supreme People's Procuratorate in 1980 after the Cultural Revolution, during the purge, 346,000 people were arrested, 16,222 people were persecuted to death or killed directly, and over 81,000 were permanently injured and disabled. Other estimates have put a death toll between 20,000 and 100,000, while hundreds of thousands were arrested and persecuted, and over a million people were affected.
After the Cultural Revolution, the purge was regarded as a "mistake" and its victims were rehabilitated by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the "Boluan Fanzheng" period. The commander of the purge, Teng Haiqing, received no trial because the Central Committee of CCP thought he had made achievements during the wars in the past. On the other hand, some of Teng's affiliates received various terms of imprisonment, with a main Mongol affiliate sentenced to 15 years in prison. Teng Haiqing himself was made to apologize in public sessions and sent for re-education at the end of 1969.
On 16 May 1966, the Cultural Revolution was officially launched in mainland China by Mao Zedong with the help of Cultural Revolution Group. From 7 June to 20 July 1966, Ulanhu, then Chairman of China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, was accused of being an "anti-Party activist" and was persecuted. At the time, Ulanhu was also criticized by top leaders such as Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, whom themselves were soon to be persecuted as well in the Cultural Revolution. On 16 August 1966, Ulanhu was dismissed from his official positions and was placed under house arrest in Beijing. Some of his close affiliates such as Ji Yatai were also persecuted.
In May 1967, Teng Haiqing was appointed the top leader of the Inner Mongolia Military Region. On 27 July 1967, the northern branch of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party announced that Ulanhu had conducted five crimes, including anti-Maoism, anti-socialism, separatism, and so on. Supported by Marshal Lin Biao, Jiang Qing (Mao's wife) and Kang Sheng (head of the internal intelligence agency of the Central Social Affairs Department), Teng began to initiate a massive purge which was intended to "dig out" the "poison of Ulanhu" in the Inner Mongolia region.
During the purge, the already-dissolved Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (PRP) was claimed to have re-established itself and have grown into power since 1960. And, Ulanhu was accused of being the leader of this Party. At least hundreds of thousands of people in Inner Mongolia were "categorized" as members of the PRP, whom were regarded as separatists and were subsequently persecuted. During the purge, the Mongolian language was banned from publications and Mongols were accused of being "the sons and heirs of Genghis Khan".
The methods used in lynching and killing during the purge included branding with hot irons, feeding furnace wastes, removing livers, hanging, cutting tongues and noses, piercing nails, piercing vaginas, pouring hot saline water into wounds, and more.
According to the official complaint from the Supreme People's Procuratorate in 1980 after the Cultural Revolution, during the purge, 346,000 people were arrested (75 percent were Mongols), over 16,000 were persecuted to death, and over 81,000 were permanently injured and disabled.
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Inner Mongolia incident
The Inner Mongolia incident, or the Inner Mongolia People's Revolutionary Party purge incident (Chinese: 内人党事件; pinyin: Nèi rén dǎng shìjiàn), was a massive political purge which occurred during the Cultural Revolution in Inner Mongolia. The purge was supported by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and was led by Teng Haiqing, a lieutenant general (zhong jiang) of the People's Liberation Army. It took place from 1967 to 1969, during which over a million people were categorized as members of the already-dissolved Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (PRP), and tens of thousands of people, most of whom were Mongols, were lynched and massacred.
According to the official complaint from the Supreme People's Procuratorate in 1980 after the Cultural Revolution, during the purge, 346,000 people were arrested, 16,222 people were persecuted to death or killed directly, and over 81,000 were permanently injured and disabled. Other estimates have put a death toll between 20,000 and 100,000, while hundreds of thousands were arrested and persecuted, and over a million people were affected.
After the Cultural Revolution, the purge was regarded as a "mistake" and its victims were rehabilitated by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the "Boluan Fanzheng" period. The commander of the purge, Teng Haiqing, received no trial because the Central Committee of CCP thought he had made achievements during the wars in the past. On the other hand, some of Teng's affiliates received various terms of imprisonment, with a main Mongol affiliate sentenced to 15 years in prison. Teng Haiqing himself was made to apologize in public sessions and sent for re-education at the end of 1969.
On 16 May 1966, the Cultural Revolution was officially launched in mainland China by Mao Zedong with the help of Cultural Revolution Group. From 7 June to 20 July 1966, Ulanhu, then Chairman of China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, was accused of being an "anti-Party activist" and was persecuted. At the time, Ulanhu was also criticized by top leaders such as Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, whom themselves were soon to be persecuted as well in the Cultural Revolution. On 16 August 1966, Ulanhu was dismissed from his official positions and was placed under house arrest in Beijing. Some of his close affiliates such as Ji Yatai were also persecuted.
In May 1967, Teng Haiqing was appointed the top leader of the Inner Mongolia Military Region. On 27 July 1967, the northern branch of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party announced that Ulanhu had conducted five crimes, including anti-Maoism, anti-socialism, separatism, and so on. Supported by Marshal Lin Biao, Jiang Qing (Mao's wife) and Kang Sheng (head of the internal intelligence agency of the Central Social Affairs Department), Teng began to initiate a massive purge which was intended to "dig out" the "poison of Ulanhu" in the Inner Mongolia region.
During the purge, the already-dissolved Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (PRP) was claimed to have re-established itself and have grown into power since 1960. And, Ulanhu was accused of being the leader of this Party. At least hundreds of thousands of people in Inner Mongolia were "categorized" as members of the PRP, whom were regarded as separatists and were subsequently persecuted. During the purge, the Mongolian language was banned from publications and Mongols were accused of being "the sons and heirs of Genghis Khan".
The methods used in lynching and killing during the purge included branding with hot irons, feeding furnace wastes, removing livers, hanging, cutting tongues and noses, piercing nails, piercing vaginas, pouring hot saline water into wounds, and more.
According to the official complaint from the Supreme People's Procuratorate in 1980 after the Cultural Revolution, during the purge, 346,000 people were arrested (75 percent were Mongols), over 16,000 were persecuted to death, and over 81,000 were permanently injured and disabled.