Leonhard Euler was born in Basel, Switzerland, to Paul Euler, a pastor, and Marguerite Brucker. His father had some mathematical training and initially intended for Leonhard to follow in his footsteps and become a clergyman. The young Euler showed early promise in mathematics, captivating his family and peers with his quick mind and problem-solving skills.

At the age of 13, Euler enrolled at the University of Basel. While studying theology at his father's insistence, he pursued mathematics in his free time. His mathematical talent quickly became apparent, and he gained the attention of Johann Bernoulli, a prominent mathematician who recognized Euler's extraordinary abilities and became his mentor.