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Mandy Cohen
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Mandy Cohen
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Mandy Krauthamer Cohen (born September 17, 1978)[1] is an American internist, public health official, and healthcare executive who served as the 20th director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 2023 to 2025. She was previously the executive vice president at Aledade and chief executive officer of Aledade Care Solution, a healthcare company.

Key Information

Cohen earned a bachelor's degree in policy analysis and management from Cornell University, a medical degree from the Yale School of Medicine, and a graduate degree in public health from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. From 2017 to 2021, she served as the Health Secretary of the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services. Before that, Cohen was the chief operating officer and chief of staff at the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services during the Obama Administration. She also served as the Deputy Director of Comprehensive Women's Health Services at the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, and is a founding member and former executive director of Doctors for America.

Cohen was listed as one of the Top 25 Women Leaders in Healthcare by Modern Healthcare in 2019. In 2020, she was awarded the Leadership in Public Health Practice Award by Harvard University's T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and the American Medical Association presented her with the AMA Award for Outstanding Government Service. In 2021 she was elected to the National Academy of Medicine.

Early life and education

[edit]

Cohen was born to Marshall and Susan Krauthamer, has two younger siblings, and is Jewish.[2] She grew up on the south shore of Long Island in the Baldwin hamlet in Hempstead, New York.[3][4][5] Her mother worked as a hospital nurse practitioner in emergency medicine, and inspired her to pursue a medical career.[6][7][2] Her father was a junior high guidance counselor in the New York City school system.[2] When she was 12 years old, she had her bat mitzvah at her family's Reform synagogue.[3]

Cohen attended Plaza Elementary School, graduated with high honors from Baldwin Senior High School, and was awarded a Baldwin Foundation for Education scholarship in 1996.[8] She earned a bachelor's degree in policy analysis and management from Cornell University in 2000.[9][10]

She earned a medical degree from the Yale School of Medicine in 2005, and a graduate degree in public health from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in 2004.[9] She trained in internal medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.[9][7] While she was a medical school student in 2004, she took up a position with the American College of Physicians on their National Council of Student Members.[4] In her residency, she served on Massachusetts General Hospital's committees for primary care, quality assurance, and recruitment.[4] She later served as Co-Director for the Health Policy Elective at Massachusetts General Hospital, and was a northeast representative for the American College of Physicians' National Council of Associates.[4]

Career

[edit]

After completing her residency in Boston, Cohen moved to Washington, D.C., where she worked for the United States Department of Veterans Affairs as the Deputy Director of Comprehensive Women's Health Services from 2008 to 2009.[6][11] In 2008 she was a founding member and National Outreach Director for the grassroots organization Doctors for Obama, later renamed Doctors for America.[4] She served as the organization's policy director and later as Executive Director.[11][4][12]

Cohen testifying before a congressional committee in 2015

In 2013 she was hired as a senior advisor by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, a federal agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services, to assist in implementing policies for Medicaid, Medicare, and the Children's Health Insurance Program, as well as the Federally Facilitated Marketplace under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.[6][10][13][14] Cohen was later appointed as the chief operating officer and chief of staff services at the agency, and from 2014 to 2015 served as acting director of the agency's Center for Consumer Information and Insurance Oversight.[9][6][15] In 2014, while eight months pregnant, Cohen advocated for maternity coverage in the Affordable Care Act before the United States Congress.[10][7]

Cohen was named in the 2024 list of Time 100 Health's most influential people.[16]

Secretary of North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services (2017–22)

[edit]

In January 2017 Cohen was appointed health secretary of the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services (NCDHHS), an organization with 17,000 employees and an annual budget of $20 billion, by Governor Roy Cooper.[17][6][18][14][19] As secretary, she oversaw 16,000 department employees and dealt with multiple health crises in North Carolina including the Opioid epidemic, GenX in drinking water, and the COVID-19 pandemic.[6][10][20] In 2020, Cohen was mentioned as a potential pick for United States Secretary of Health and Human Services under President-elect Joe Biden.[21]

Cohen navigated the political divide over Medicaid in North Carolina, with Democratic governor Cooper wanting to expand it under the Affordable Care Act and the Republican-majority North Carolina General Assembly opposing such measures.[10][22] She helped lead North Carolina through a transition from fee-for-service Medicaid to a model contracted by the state with private insurance companies that are paid pre-determined rates to provide health services.[10] Cohen spearheaded Healthy Opportunities, an initiative testing the impact of providing high-need Medicaid enrollees with housing, food, transportation, and interpersonal safety interventions with the goal of improving public health and reducing costs.[10] The initiative was funded with $650 million from state and federal Medicaid, authorized by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.[10] She implemented the Opioid Action Plan, which uses $45.5 million in grant funding to fight opioid misuse in the state.[10] The plan also updated the Controlled Substance Reporting System, helping doctors identify patients at risk of misusing opioids.[10] Cohen's plan led to a decline in overdose deaths in North Carolina for the first time in over a decade.[10] She led the Early Childhood Action Plan, focusing on improving health conditions of children from birth to age eight.[10] In 2019 she criticized the North Carolina House of Representatives' proposed budget for 2019–21, arguing that it harmed North Carolinians by making massive cuts to the Department, potentially impacting "everything from health inspections of restaurants to the safety of drinking water to child protective services."[10]

In February 2019 Modern Healthcare named Cohen as one of the Top 25 Women Leaders in Healthcare.[9][10] She was honored with the "Top 50 in Digital Health" award by Rock Health.[18] In September 2020, she was awarded the Leadership in Public Health Practice Award by Harvard University's T.H. Chan School of Public Health.[23] In 2020, she was named The News & Observer's Tar Heel of the Year.[2][17] In June 2021, Prevent Child Abuse North Carolina awarded her its Donna Stone Memorial Award, for making significant contributions to supporting children and families across North Carolina.[24] In July 2021, she received the Founders Award from the NC Convention of The Delta Kappa Gamma Society.[25] In 2021 she was also elected to the National Academy of Medicine.[26] In March 2022 the American Medical Association (AMA) presented her with the AMA Award for Outstanding Government Service.[27]

Governor Cooper announced on November 30, 2021, that Cohen would leave office on January 1, 2022.[28]

During and after this time, Cohen is an adjunct professor of health policy & management at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Gillings School of Global Public Health.[9][18]

COVID-19 pandemic

[edit]

Cohen stressed the need for North Carolinians to wear face masks, practice social distancing, and wash their hands in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19.[6][29][30] In March 2020 she sent a letter to the president of the 2020 Republican National Convention, asking for detailed plans on how the convention would operate during the COVID-19 pandemic after President Donald Trump published a series of tweets threatening to pull the convention out of North Carolina.[31][32] In June 2020 she met virtually with members of the North Carolina House of Representatives' Health Committee to address concerns regarding the pandemic.[33] Cohen announced the creation of up to 300 testing sites in North Carolina, active through July, and requested more supplies from the federal government.[34] She also met with U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar to discuss the need for more chemical reagents.[34] On June 30, 2020, Cohen announced that her department would partner with Omnicare, a company owned by CVS Health, to administer tests to 36,000 nursing home residents and 25,000 nursing home employees in over 400 locations.[35]

In the beginning of July, Cohen warned of people becoming desensitized to the data being collected about COVID-19.[36] She held a media briefing on July 16, 2020, to address virus testing in North Carolina, after the state reached 96,426 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 1,588 deaths related to the virus.[citation needed] She said that she had concerns about teacher safety if schools were to re-open amidst the pandemic, but was confident in studies showing that the virus has minimal health consequences on younger children, saying that schools "have not played a significant role in the spreading of COVID-19."[37] She met with University of North Carolina president William L. Roper to discuss how to resume in-person instruction for students at North Carolina's public colleges and universities.[37] Earlier that month, during a press conference, she had called the virus a "serious threat".[38] She warned of the state possibly returning to a stay-at-home order.[39] She had also linked North Carolina's rise in cases with the reopening of the state.[40][41] Cohen indicated that there would be a test surge in areas with troubling metrics, including the counties of Alamance, Durham, Duplin, Forsyth, Lee, Johnston, Mecklenburg, and Wake.[40]

Private sector

[edit]

In January 2022, Cohen became the chief executive officer of Aledade Care Solutions, a primary care enablement company founded by Farzad Mostashari, the former national coordinator for health information technology at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.[42]

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

[edit]

In June 2023, President Joe Biden appointed Cohen director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, succeeding Rochelle Walensky.[43][44][45][46][47] Cohen was sworn in on July 10, 2023.[48] In her capacity as Director of the CDC, Cohen also serves as Administrator of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.

Personal life

[edit]

Cohen is married to Samuel Cohen, a health care regulatory attorney who grew up in Philadelphia.[9][2] They met in Boston, where she was finishing her residency in internal medicine and he was attending Harvard Law School.[6][49] They have two daughters, and live in North Ridge Country Club in northern Raleigh.[9][7]

She is a member of Conservative Beth Meyer Synagogue in Raleigh.[3][50] Cohen was honored by the Jewish Federation of Raleigh-Cary's Lions of Judah in 2018 for her contributions to the community.[51][52]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Mandy Cohen

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from Grokipedia
Mandy K. Cohen, MD, MPH, is an American physician and administrator who served as the 20th Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from July 2023 to January 2025. Prior to leading the CDC, where she prioritized restoring public confidence in the agency amid lingering skepticism from its pandemic-era communications, Cohen was Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services from 2017 to 2021, directing the state's responses including to the outbreak. Her earlier career included serving as and at the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services during the Obama administration, followed by executive roles at Aledade, a primary care-focused healthcare firm. A graduate of and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cohen has emphasized data-driven policy and cross-partisan collaboration in leadership.

Early life and education

Childhood and family background

Mandy Cohen was born Mandy Krauthamer and raised in Baldwin, a on the south shore of , New York, in a community with a significant Jewish population. Her family emphasized Jewish values, which she has credited with shaping her approach to , including wearing a "chai" (Hebrew for "life") charm as a reminder of resilience and community responsibility. Cohen's parents, Marshall and Susan Krauthamer, both influenced her early interest in healthcare and education; her father worked as a junior high school guidance counselor, while her mother served as a specializing in , often receiving gratitude from patients in everyday settings. She has two younger siblings, and her parents continue to reside in Baldwin. was a recurring family theme, with Cohen citing her mother's patient interactions as a key inspiration for her career path.

Academic and medical training

Cohen earned a in policy analysis and management from . She then pursued graduate studies, obtaining a Master of Public Health degree from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in 2004 while interrupting her medical education. Cohen received her Doctor of Medicine from the in 2005, where her training emphasized a blend of clinical skills and interests from her undergraduate background. Following , she completed her residency in internal at in , establishing her clinical foundation as a physician. This postgraduate training, typically spanning three years, prepared her for subsequent roles integrating with public health administration.

Early professional career

Initial medical practice and policy entry

Following her graduation from Yale School of Medicine in 2005, Mandy Cohen completed an internal medicine residency at in , where she engaged in clinical training and patient care as a resident physician. During this period, approximately 2005 to 2008, she also obtained a Master of Public Health degree from , integrating perspectives into her medical training. Upon finishing her residency, Cohen transitioned immediately from clinical practice to federal health policy roles within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, beginning her career in government administration rather than independent medical practice. Her initial policy position involved work at the (CMS), focusing on innovation, coverage expansion, and implementation of health reforms, including aspects of the . This shift reflected her early interest in blending clinical expertise with systemic policy improvements, as evidenced by her MPH training and subsequent advisory roles on and marketplace operations starting around 2013.

Federal roles prior to state leadership

Chief of Staff at CMS (2015–2017)

In February 2015, Mandy Cohen was appointed to Acting Administrator at the (CMS), concurrently serving as the agency's Chief Operating Officer until 2017. Cohen's responsibilities encompassed day-to-day policy leadership, emphasizing the development of alternative payment models, quality standards, and initiatives. Under her guidance in this dual role, CMS advanced efforts to stabilize the health insurance marketplaces established by the , which facilitated coverage for millions of enrollees amid ongoing implementation challenges. Slavitt praised Cohen's leadership for effectively navigating operational complexities and building key connections within the to support federal health policy execution.

North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services Secretary (2017–2022)

Pre-pandemic initiatives and reforms

Upon assuming the role of of the Department of Health and Human Services (NCDHHS) in January 2017, Mandy Cohen prioritized the ongoing transformation of the state's program from a model to , a process legislated in 2015 but requiring detailed implementation planning and federal approvals. In August 2017, NCDHHS under her leadership released a proposed design emphasizing enhanced access, care coordination, and value-based payments to incentivize quality outcomes over volume of services. This shift aimed to serve approximately 1.9 million enrollees by integrating physical, behavioral, and long-term services through standard benefit plans for the general population and specialized Tailored Plans for individuals with behavioral health needs, intellectual/developmental disabilities, or traumatic brain injuries. A cornerstone of these reforms was securing federal approval for a Section 1115 demonstration waiver in 2018, which enabled innovative uses of funds to address non-medical drivers of health. The waiver authorized the Healthy Opportunities Pilots, the nation's first statewide initiative to deploy dollars for social determinants such as stabilization, nutrition support, and transportation assistance, targeting high-cost, high-need populations to potentially reduce emergency care utilization. Planning for these pilots advanced through 2019, with contract awards for organizations finalized that year, though full rollout was postponed due to state budget disputes in late 2019. Cohen also oversaw amendments to existing 1915(b/c) waivers to support the Tailored Plans framework, approved by the federal government in 2019, which sought to consolidate fragmented behavioral health and long-term services under specialized entities. These efforts were complemented by internal agency reforms to address NCDHHS's operational challenges, including staff restructuring and policy expertise recruitment to facilitate smoother execution of large-scale changes. By early 2020, prior to the , these initiatives had positioned to invest an estimated additional $6.4 billion over 10 years in preventive and coordinated care, though measurable impacts remained prospective pending implementation.

COVID-19 response policies and execution

As of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Mandy oversaw the implementation of Governor Roy Cooper's executive orders responding to the outbreak, emphasizing mitigation measures such as , capacity restrictions, and testing expansion starting in March 2020. On , 2020, supported the closure of all K-12 public schools statewide for at least two weeks, later extended through the end of the 2019-2020 , affecting over 1.3 million students and shifting to remote learning amid concerns over virus transmission in educational settings. Concurrently, gatherings of more than 100 people were banned, and non-essential businesses faced operational limits to reduce community spread, with citing epidemiological data on exponential case growth as justification during joint briefings with state officials. In response to rising cases in late 2020, Cohen announced a modified stay-at-home order effective November 2020, curbing mass gatherings and imposing stricter curfews from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m., while enforcing phase-based reopening tied to metrics like hospitalization rates and test positivity, which hovered around 8-10% during peaks. Mask-wearing policies were central to her execution strategy; a statewide mandate for indoor public spaces and outdoor settings when distancing was impossible was tightened on November 23, 2020, amid a surge exceeding 3,000 daily cases, with Cohen emphasizing compliance through public messaging on its role in averting uncontrolled transmission. Enforcement relied on local authorities and voluntary adherence, with DHHS providing guidance documents and compliance toolkits to businesses, though no widespread fines were reported at the state level. Vaccine distribution, beginning December 14, 2020, was prioritized under Cohen's direction for high-risk groups including healthcare workers and residents, achieving first doses for over 80% of eligible frontline staff by mid-2021 through partnerships with pharmacies and community sites, though supply shortages delayed broader rollout. Cohen advocated for vaccine requirements in healthcare settings, applauding associations like the Healthcare Association on July 22, 2021, for endorsing mandates to protect vulnerable patients, but no statewide employee was imposed, focusing instead on incentives and education campaigns targeting equity in underserved communities. School reopening guidance in July 2020 under her purview recommended hybrid models with masks for staff and students in high-transmission counties, extending remote options into 2021 for districts opting out of full in-person instruction. Execution involved frequent DHHS briefings where Cohen communicated metrics like the state's case , which extended from three to six days by April 2020 due to distancing adherence, and coordinated via expanded teams reaching over 10,000 investigations monthly by summer 2020. Indoor mask mandates were adjusted downward in May 2021 as vaccination rates exceeded 50% for adults, lifting fully on July 30, 2021, though Cohen urged local mandates in schools during Delta variant surges in October 2021 based on county-level data exceeding 5% positivity thresholds.

Outcomes, achievements, and measurable impacts

During her tenure, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) under Cohen's leadership implemented the state's Action Plan in June 2017, targeting a 20% reduction in poisoning deaths by 2021 through strategies including to treatment, distribution, and prescriber education. By the plan's midpoint evaluation, progress was reported on multiple fronts, such as increased medication-assisted treatment availability and community partnerships, though statewide emergency department visits rose 40% from 2016 to 2017, reaching 5,745 cases. Cohen oversaw the transformation of North Carolina's program via a federal waiver approved in 2019, shifting to tailored plans emphasizing care coordination for high-needs enrollees without full expansion under the ; this included the nation's first such waiver incorporating incentives. By late 2024, the initiative had served over 26,000 high-needs beneficiaries with integrated services, though implementation spanned beyond her direct oversight. In response to , DHHS distributed over $753 million in Pandemic Electronic Benefit Transfer (P-EBT) funds to 1.1 million children to address food insecurity amid school closures. recorded 757,000 confirmed cases and nearly 10,000 deaths by January 31, 2021, with the state achieving the 12th lowest age-adjusted mortality rate nationally in 2020 per CDC data. Overall outcomes through mid-2022 were described as average when benchmarked against other states, with age- and comorbidity-adjusted death rates higher than in despite differing policy approaches. Maternal mortality rates in rose during this period, doubling from 22 per 100,000 live births in 2019 to 44 in 2021, contributing to a five-year average of 26.7 from 2018–2022 amid national trends but without reported reversals under DHHS initiatives. Cohen's implementation of Governor Roy Cooper's restricting mass gatherings drew legal challenges from businesses alleging arbitrary and discriminatory enforcement. In 2020, Ace Speedway filed suit against the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and Cohen personally, claiming that while gyms and other venues were permitted to operate under capacity limits, outdoor speedway events were prohibited without rational basis, violating equal protection and . A Court of Appeals ruling in August 2022 unanimously allowed the case to proceed against Cohen, denying and finding potential personal liability for shutdown decisions that caused significant financial losses estimated in millions. DHHS under Cohen faced criticism for limited transparency in COVID-19 data, particularly regarding outbreaks in long-term care facilities. Initially, the department refused to disclose names of nursing homes with confirmed cases or deaths, citing privacy concerns, despite over 40% of state fatalities occurring in such settings by April 2020. This stance prompted a May 2020 lawsuit by a media coalition against Cooper and seeking public records on outbreak locations and decision-making, leading to partial releases showing four facilities with at least 10 deaths each. In response to pressure, DHHS reversed course in late April 2020, beginning to report facility-specific outbreak data while maintaining some aggregation for . Critics, including Republican lawmakers, argued this delay hindered public accountability and risk assessment, contributing to excess deaths in vulnerable populations. School-related policies elicited bipartisan pushback, with Cohen defending mask mandates and quarantine protocols as essential amid rising cases. In September 2021, DHHS threatened legal action against Union County Public Schools for deviating from state guidance by shortening quarantines for exposed students and not requiring universal indoor masking, deeming it an "imminent hazard to ." The district complied after the ultimatum, but the episode fueled accusations from parents and conservatives of overriding local control and infringing on parental rights, especially as evidence mounted on limited transmission risks in vaccinated or low-risk settings. Republican critics later highlighted Cohen's support for extended virtual learning and child masking—policies linked to learning losses documented in state assessments—as disregarding and emerging data on minimal efficacy for universal mandates in children. Post-tenure reevaluations have scrutinized the broader impacts of North Carolina's response, with analyses showing the state experienced approximately 20,000 excess deaths from March 2020 to mid-2023, exceeding direct COVID attributions and prompting questions about indirect effects of restrictions on non-COVID healthcare access. While Cohen attributed outcomes to viral surges and inequities, GOP senators in 2023 opposed her CDC nomination citing "politicized " in prolonging restrictions despite flattening metrics, arguing policies like capacity limits and disruptions caused undue economic and developmental harm without proportional mortality reductions compared to less restrictive states. No formal state-commissioned review has repudiated core measures, though subsequent lifts of mandates by 2022 reflected evolving epidemiological data favoring targeted over blanket interventions.

Private sector transition (2022–2023)

Roles in health tech and consulting

In January 2022, following her resignation as Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, Cohen joined Aledade, a Bethesda, Maryland-based company focused on enabling providers to succeed in value-based care arrangements. She assumed the role of Executive Vice President at Aledade while serving as of Aledade Care Solutions, the company's newly launched health services division dedicated to delivering operational support, technology integration, and performance optimization for independent practices, centers, and clinician groups participating in risk-bearing contracts. Under Cohen's leadership, Aledade Care Solutions emphasized hands-on assistance in areas such as management, care coordination, data-driven decision-making, and revenue optimization to help practices navigate payer-specific value-based models, including and accountable care organizations. The unit aimed to address challenges faced by smaller providers in adopting digital tools for chronic disease management and preventive care, building on Aledade's platform that aggregates clinical data from electronic health records to generate actionable insights. Cohen's prior government experience informed strategies to align private-sector innovations with goals, such as reducing unnecessary utilization and improving outcomes in underserved populations. In May 2023, Cohen was appointed to the advisory board of Town Hall Ventures, a firm investing in startups centered on transformation and value-based payment systems. Her advisory role involved providing strategic guidance on investments and portfolio company development, drawing from her expertise in and operational scaling. This position complemented her Aledade tenure by bridging executive leadership with consultative input on emerging technologies for care delivery. She departed Aledade upon her nomination as CDC Director in June 2023.

CDC Directorship (2023–2025)

Appointment under Biden administration and initial priorities

On June 16, 2023, President announced his intent to appoint Mandy Cohen as the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), succeeding , who departed at the end of the month. The CDC director position does not require confirmation, allowing for a relatively swift transition. Cohen was sworn in on July 10, 2023, bringing her experience from state-level leadership in and prior federal roles. Upon assuming the role, Cohen prioritized rebuilding public trust in the CDC, which had eroded during the due to perceived inconsistencies in guidance and communication. She emphasized transparent, simple, and accurate messaging as foundational to this effort, stating that "trust is a critical foundation for a healthy society" and drawing from her tenure where high vaccination rates among seniors demonstrated effective outreach. Cohen advocated for fulfilling promises through demonstrable performance and fostering partnerships to enhance credibility, while critiquing past agency communications for lacking clarity. Immediate operational priorities included preparing for the 2023 fall and winter respiratory virus season, encompassing , , and (RSV). Cohen focused on promoting vaccines, testing, and treatments to mitigate surges, alongside investing in data infrastructure and workforce capacity to enable near-real-time threat detection and response. She positioned the CDC as a asset requiring modernization, including upgrades to systems for broader threats beyond infectious diseases, such as opioids and chronic conditions, though acute took precedence in her early directives. These steps aimed to shift the agency from reactive toward proactive, evidence-based strategies.

Key public health strategies and reforms attempted

Upon assuming the role of CDC Director in July 2023, Mandy Cohen prioritized reforms aimed at enhancing the agency's data infrastructure, surveillance capabilities, and operational agility to better detect and respond to threats. Central to these efforts was the advancement of the CDC's Data Modernization Initiative, first launched in 2023 and updated with a comprehensive Data Strategy for 2024–2025 released on , 2024. This initiative focused on integrating data, technology, policy, and administrative actions to overcome longstanding challenges in and sharing, including expanding electronic case reporting (eCR) to over 36,000 healthcare facilities—up from 25,000 earlier in 2023—and achieving 90% electronic lab data sharing among CDC-affiliated labs. Real-time reporting was routinized, with 78% of U.S. emergency departments providing data within 24 hours, and efforts extended to rural areas through eCR implementation in 380 critical access hospitals, alongside the September 2023 launch of the Respiratory Virus Data Channel, which garnered over 4 million visits for monitoring , flu, and RSV. Cohen also emphasized strengthening laboratory and response capacities through increased investments in genomics, diagnostics, and wastewater surveillance infrastructure capable of tracking multiple pathogens such as COVID-19, mpox, and avian flu. By early 2025, real-time monitoring covered 95% of U.S. emergency rooms for early threat detection, supported by new public-private partnerships with commercial labs like Quest Diagnostics and Labcorp for scalable testing, beginning with H5 avian influenza assays, and collaborations with firms such as Palantir for data infrastructure improvements. These measures aimed to enable faster, more accurate cross-disease data sharing and response, embedding lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic to make the CDC a "nimbler" agency. Communication reforms constituted another pillar, involving a website overhaul that archived approximately 60% of outdated content and incorporated tools for more accessible, evidence-based messaging. Cohen advocated for transparency in articulating known facts, uncertainties, and evolving to foster public understanding, particularly during seasonal virus preparedness emphasizing , testing, and treatments. Complementing these were trust-rebuilding strategies outlined in August 2023, comprising three core elements: honest and straightforward public communications providing practical health guidance; consistent execution of agency commitments to demonstrate reliability; and cultivating partnerships with communities, healthcare providers, and stakeholders across political lines to collaboratively address threats. These initiatives extended to domestic prevention priorities, leveraging modernized data to tackle issues like overdoses—contributing to a reported 17% national decline—and youth , while promoting through community-engaged approaches and integration with . Globally, Cohen pursued cost-effective , such as training health workers in outbreak responses like in , to preempt threats from abroad. Overall, these reforms sought to position the CDC for proactive threat mitigation rather than reactive , though their long-term impacts remain subject to ongoing amid fiscal and political uncertainties.

Vaccine guidance, communication efforts, and trust-building initiatives

Upon assuming the role of CDC Director in July 2023, Mandy Cohen endorsed recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for updated vaccines targeting the dominant variants, advising that individuals aged 6 months and older receive the 2024–2025 formulation to mitigate severe outcomes. She further supported a second dose of this for adults aged 65 years and older, as well as those with moderate or severe immunocompromise, spaced six months after the initial dose, based on data indicating waning immunity in these high-risk groups. These guidelines extended prior patterns of annual updates, emphasizing protection against circulating strains like KP.2 and JN.1 lineages, while clarifying eligibility for immunocompromised individuals to receive additional doses beyond standard schedules. Cohen's communication efforts prioritized direct public engagement through media appearances, social media, and agency briefings to promote vaccine adherence. In September 2023, she participated in discussions highlighting the rollout of updated boosters amid rising cases, stressing that all age groups, including young children, faced risks from variants. She advocated for clear, transparent messaging on platforms like and , explaining vaccine timing and combinations with flu and RSV shots to encourage bundled immunizations during respiratory virus season. In December 2023, Cohen joined webinars and videos addressing flu, , and RSV vaccines, underscoring their role in reducing hospitalizations based on observational data from prior seasons. Her approach included countering state-level divergences, such as Florida's policies, by labeling anti-vaccine uptake campaigns as "unfounded and dangerous" in public statements. To address eroded public confidence following the —where trust in federal health agencies had declined due to shifting guidance and perceived inconsistencies—Cohen outlined rebuilding strategies centered on transparency, , and combating . She repeatedly invoked trust-building in speeches, noting over 50 mentions in a single address, and proposed steps like simplifying communications and partnering with local providers to dismantle access barriers, such as through expanded adult programs akin to childhood initiatives. In efforts to restore credibility, Cohen focused on evidence-based rebuttals to hesitancy, including vaccination drives via networks, while acknowledging that full trust restoration would require sustained, barrier-free access and consistent . These initiatives, however, occurred amid ongoing debates over mandates and data, with uptake rates for boosters remaining below 25% among eligible adults in 2024 per CDC .

Responses to ongoing threats like mpox and avian flu

Under Cohen's leadership, the CDC intensified surveillance and laboratory mobilization for , drawing on lessons from prior outbreaks to enhance testing capacity and response coordination. In September 2023, she highlighted the agency's rapid deployment of laboratory resources, informed by experiences, to track and contain mpox transmission domestically and internationally. By October 2024, Cohen participated in high-level discussions with the and Africa CDC in the of Congo (DRC), addressing the region's escalating outbreak amid limited access and treatment infrastructure, emphasizing collaboration with sovereign nations to bolster on-the-ground diagnostics and . She also advocated for expanded wastewater monitoring, originally developed for , to detect mpox circulation in communities, integrating it into routine surveillance by early 2025. For (H5N1), directed a proactive monitoring strategy focused on genetic sequencing and early detection in animal reservoirs, applying COVID-19-derived tools to mitigate spillover risks to humans. In April 2024, following the first U.S. human case linked to dairy cows in —which presented mild symptoms and no evidence of human-to-human transmission—the CDC under her guidance ramped up testing protocols for exposed s and enhanced guidance for livestock operations across states like , , and . She visited in July 2024 to coordinate with state health leaders on protections and serological surveys, confirming low transmission risk while stressing international genomic to track viral mutations. publicly communicated the virus's mild human impact to date—no sustained human chains observed—and underscored data modernization efforts, such as real-time dashboards, to inform preparedness without over-alarming the public. By mid-2024, these measures included partnerships with the USDA for , resulting in over 40 human cases monitored with no severe outcomes reported under CDC oversight.

Internal agency changes and external political pressures

Upon assuming the CDC directorship in July 2023, Cohen initiated reforms aimed at enhancing the agency's operational agility and data infrastructure, including the launch of an updated Data Strategy for -2025 that accelerated modernization efforts to improve disease detection and response capabilities. These changes built on post-COVID-19 lessons, such as streamlining processes to reduce internal silos and foster quicker integration across divisions. Cohen described these as part of broader efforts to position the CDC as a "stronger, nimbler agency" better equipped for future threats, emphasizing transparency in communications and simplified guidance to rebuild operational trust. Externally, Cohen's nomination drew immediate Republican opposition, with senators including Ted Budd arguing she had "politicized science" and "disregarded civil liberties" through North Carolina's stringent COVID-19 measures like mask mandates and school closures during her prior state role. Throughout her tenure, the agency faced budgetary pressures from House Republicans, who proposed a 22% funding cut in 2025, signaling demands to refocus resources on infectious diseases over chronic conditions amid criticisms that the CDC remained overly bureaucratic and misaligned with public priorities. As the 2024 election outcome loomed, incoming Trump administration plans for agency restructuring—advocated by figures like Robert F. Kennedy Jr.—intensified scrutiny, with Cohen publicly urging continuity in core functions while staff expressed anxiety over potential overhauls that could disrupt ongoing reforms. These pressures culminated in her departure in January 2025, consistent with the transition of political appointees at the end of the Biden administration.

Departure amid 2025 administration transition

Mandy Cohen's tenure as CDC Director concluded on January 20, 2025, coinciding with the inauguration of President and the end of the Biden administration. As a political appointee nominated by President , her departure aligned with the standard transition process for agency heads, marking the end of her approximately 18-month leadership following confirmation in 2023. During her final months, Cohen emphasized continuity in priorities amid anticipated policy shifts, including potential budget reductions and structural changes proposed by the incoming administration. In late November 2024, as an outgoing director, Cohen publicly urged the Trump administration to sustain focus and funding on emerging health threats, such as infectious disease outbreaks, while distinguishing between campaign rhetoric and governance realities. She stated, "There is a difference between campaigning and governing. I want to go into this in a way that we’re passing the baton," encouraging CDC staff to remain mission-oriented despite political changes. Cohen had not met her designated successor, former Congressman Dave Weldon, selected by President-elect Trump to lead the agency, though she expressed prior reservations about broader health leadership nominations like Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for HHS Secretary. Post-departure, Cohen indicated plans to prioritize family time in , without immediate announcements of new professional roles, reflecting a deliberate pause after intensive . Her exit occurred without reported internal conflicts or abrupt resignations tied directly to the transition, contrasting with subsequent agency disruptions under the new leadership, including high-level resignations and policy overhauls in mid-2025. This orderly handover underscored Cohen's efforts to position the CDC for sustained operational readiness amid shifting political priorities.

Post-CDC activities (2025–present)

Advisory positions and private sector return

In March 2025, Cohen joined Manatt Health, the health care practice of the law firm Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, LLP, as a national advisor, drawing on her prior leadership in government health agencies and policy implementation. In this private sector role, she provides strategic guidance on health policy, operations, and innovation, building on her experience managing large-scale public health responses and Medicaid expansions. The firm highlighted her tenure at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) as key assets for advising clients on navigating regulatory and operational challenges in health care delivery. By October 2025, Cohen expanded her advisory work to include a role with the Governors Public Health Alliance, a of state governors focused on strengthening amid federal policy shifts. This non-partisan initiative seeks to coordinate state-level responses to emerging health threats, emphasizing data-driven preparedness and cross-state collaboration, with Cohen contributing expertise from her time directing the CDC during the transition to a new presidential administration. Her involvement reflects a pattern of leveraging federal experience for state-centric advisory efforts, though details on the alliance's funding and specific deliverables remain limited in public disclosures.

Involvement in state-level public health coalitions

Following her departure from the CDC in January 2025, Mandy Cohen joined Manatt Health as a national advisor in March 2025, focusing on state health transformation, data utilization, and technology to enhance care delivery. In this capacity, she began advising state-level initiatives amid federal shifts under the incoming Trump administration. On October 15, 2025, Cohen was named as a key advisor to the newly formed Governors Public Health Alliance, a coalition launched by 15 Democratic governors—including Connecticut's Ned Lamont, New Jersey's Phil Murphy, and Maryland's Wes Moore—to coordinate state responses to public health challenges independently of federal directives perceived as disruptive by the group's organizers. The alliance aims to facilitate information-sharing, best practices adoption, and resource pooling among member states for issues like infectious disease surveillance, workforce development, and emergency preparedness, explicitly positioned as a counter to anticipated federal policy changes under Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s influence at HHS. Cohen's advisory role involves supporting the coalition's framework for state-level collaboration, drawing on her prior experience as North Carolina's of Health and Human Services from 2017 to 2021, where she oversaw responses to hurricanes and the opioid crisis. The group describes its advisors as bipartisan, though participating governors are exclusively Democrats, and has publicly emphasized governors' frontline roles in addressing health disparities and rebuilding eroded during the era. No specific outcomes or funded projects from the alliance had been announced by late October 2025, with critics noting its formation reflects partisan divides in governance rather than broad consensus.

Personal life

Family and personal interests

Cohen was born to parents Marshall and Krauthamer and has two younger siblings. Her mother, a specializing in , influenced her career path in healthcare. married to Samuel Cohen, a healthcare regulatory attorney originally from . The couple met in , where Cohen completed her internal medicine residency at while her husband finished law school at Harvard, and they wed around 2010. They have two daughters, born in the mid-2010s, with whom Cohen has publicly discussed balancing professional demands and family life, often framing advice through her experiences as a parent. Cohen's personal interests center on family time and maintaining household health routines, such as preventive measures during holidays and integrating into daily family interactions. During her tenure amid crises, her husband assumed greater household responsibilities to support their children, then aged approximately five and eight in 2020. She has described deriving fulfillment from collaborative work environments but prioritizes personal discussions in building public trust on matters.

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