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Mastram
Theatrical release poster
Directed byAkhilesh Jaiswal
Written byAkhilesh Jaiswal
Gunjan Saxena
Produced bySunil Bohra
Sanjeev Singh Pal
Ajay Rai
StarringRahul Bagga
Tara Alisha
Soul Balaji
Vinod Nahardih
Istiyak Khan
Aakash Dahiya
CinematographyGavemic U. Ary
Edited byApurva Motiwale
Music byYo Yo Honey Singh, Saurabh Kalsi
Production
companies
Bohra Bros Productions
Jar Pictures
Release dates
  • October 2013 (2013-10) (Mumbai Film Festival)
  • 9 May 2014 (2014-05-09) (India)
CountryIndia
LanguageHindi
Budget₹6 crore[1]
Box officeest. ₹4.5 crore[1]

Mastram (transl. Easy-going person) is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language biographical film directed by Akhilesh Jaiswal, and starring Rahul Bagga and Tara Alisha Berry. The film is about an aspiring litterateur turning into an initially reluctant finally full-fledged pornographic writer, inspired by the anonymous author of popular pulp fiction and sex stories in Hindi, only known as Mastram. These books were sold at railway station stalls and small roadside and pavement shops in North India through the 1980s and 90s. Jaiswal makes his directorial debut with the film.[2][3][4] The film also marks the debut of actress Tara Alisha Berry.[5] The film features rapper Yo Yo Honey Singh's Gujarati Single "Achko Machko" and is also the theme song of the movie's trailer which was released on 14 Feb 2014 by Bohra Bros on YouTube.

The film premiered at Mumbai Film Festival in October 2013, ahead of its theatrical release on 9 May 2014.[2][6]

Plot

[edit]

Rajaram is a small-town bank clerk who dreams of travelling to Delhi and becoming a reputed writer. His literary aspirations are supported by none except his naive wife, Renu. He finally leaves his job to become a full-time writer, but he cannot find a publisher for his book. One publisher agrees only if he adds sensational elements or masala to his dull tale. He is unable to decode what masala means until he meets Chacha, an eccentric, old village womanizer who shows him the spicier side of life. He adopts the pseudonym, Mastram, and churns out his publicly taboo erotic novel series, which become best-sellers. He slowly starts becoming successful; however, all of the credit is attributed to "Mastram," not him.[7]

Cast

[edit]

Filming

[edit]

According to Director Akhilesh Jaiswal, the film stars some of the finest actors from NSD (National School of Drama) and other theatre groups. The Film has been shot at several places in North India including Manali.[8]

Production

[edit]

Talking about the mystery in film, director Akhilesh Jaiswal says, "My film is a fictional account of the writer’s life. Even I am curious to know who the real brain behind the book is, or the real face behind the author, as you put it". It is not a pornographic film and he hopes to get an A Certificate from Censor Board without any cuts.[8]

Critical reception

[edit]

Film critic Subhash K. Jha gave it 3 stars and said that Mastram brings a meditative melancholy to the porn writer's life. We get to meet the man behind the orgasms. We feel the pain beneath the porn.[9]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Mastram

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Mastram is the of an anonymous Hindi-language who gained notoriety in for penning pulp erotic novels that captured the sexual frustrations of ordinary men in conservative, small-town settings. These works, featuring explicit depictions of passion woven into mundane daily life narratives, sold millions of copies at bargain prices through informal networks of pavement vendors and railway station kiosks, providing accessible fantasy amid widespread of overt sexuality. The pseudonym's enduring legacy stems from its role in subverting literary norms, with original stories emphasizing artistic over crude , though subsequent imitators degraded the name into vehicles for baser content. Mastram's influence extended to , inspiring a 2014 Hindi fictionalizing the writer's journey from bank to clandestine success and a 2020 dramatizing similar themes of erotic authorship in the era's heartland.

Background and Inspiration

Real-Life Basis

The pseudonym (translating to "easy-going person" in ) was used by an anonymous author or group of writers who produced a prolific series of pulp erotic fiction books during the 1980s and 1990s, achieving widespread underground popularity among adolescent and young adult males in northern . These cheaply printed pamphlets, often sold at railway stations, bus stands, and street vendors for as little as 5-10 rupees per copy, featured sensational narratives centered on explicit sexual encounters, forbidden desires, and everyday lust, blending titillation with minimal plot to cater to a censored market where overt was restricted. The anonymity allowed evasion of legal scrutiny under 's obscenity laws, such as Section 292 of the , while enabling massive circulation estimated in millions of copies annually through informal networks. The 2020 MX Player web series Mastram, like the earlier 2014 film of the same name, draws loose inspiration from this cultural phenomenon, fictionalizing the archetype of a frustrated aspiring litterateur—portrayed as Rajaram, a small-town clerk in the 1980s—who pivots to pseudonymous after repeated rejections from mainstream publishers. This narrative mirrors anecdotal accounts of how many such pulp writers emerged from modest backgrounds, motivated by financial desperation and exposure to smuggled soft-porn magazines or films, though no verified exists for the original Mastram due to the deliberate obscurity of the . Promotional materials for the series have occasionally overstated the connection by claiming it recounts the "real-life story" of Rajaram, but this character is a composite , as the true author's identity has never been publicly confirmed or documented in credible records. Early Mastram works under the name emphasized artistic with psychological undertones, evolving into more formulaic, business-driven vulgarity as imitators proliferated, reflecting a shift from literary experimentation to mass-market exploitation amid India's conservative social norms and limited access to visual adult media pre-internet. The series' depiction of the writer's and societal aligns with broader historical context, where such literature filled a void in sexual education and fantasy for a generation facing arranged marriages and repressed expression, though it romanticizes the genre's often exploitative underbelly without addressing potential harms like distorted expectations of .

Erotic Literature in India

Erotic literature in traces its origins to ancient treatises that integrated sexual pleasure () as one of the four aims of human life (purusharthas), alongside , , and . The , attributed to Vatsyayana and composed in the 2nd century CE, serves as the most prominent example, comprising approximately 1,250 verses across 36 chapters that detail sexual techniques, courtship rituals, marital relations, and the role of courtesans, emphasizing mutual satisfaction and ethical conduct within societal norms. This text, drawing from earlier oral traditions and lost works, reflects a philosophical framework where eroticism was neither taboo nor isolated but intertwined with aesthetic and social education. Subsequent ancient and early medieval compositions, such as the (also known as Koka Shastra) by Kokkoka around the 12th century and the Ananga Ranga by Kalyanamalla in the 15th-16th century, expanded on these themes with poetic descriptions of embraces, aphrodisiacs, and compatibility between partners, often in verse form to aid memorization and recitation. Medieval Indian literature continued this tradition through devotional and secular poetry that blended eroticism with spirituality, as seen in Jayadeva's (12th century), which vividly portrays the divine love between Krishna and through sensual metaphors of union and separation. Erotic motifs also appeared in regional languages like Tamil and from 200 BCE to 600 CE, romanticizing desire in folk tales and epics, while temple sculptures at sites like (built 950-1050 CE) visually echoed these literary expressions, depicting coital positions as symbols of life's cycles rather than mere titillation. However, by the colonial era, British administrators, influenced by Victorian prudery, imposed laws that suppressed such works; the Indian Penal Code's Section 292 (enacted 1860) criminalized "obscene" materials, leading to raids on texts and the erosion of traditions that had preserved erotic knowledge. This resulted in a shift from overt celebration to clandestine circulation, with colonial censors equating indigenous eroticism with immorality to justify cultural superiority. In the post-independence period, persisted underground amid conservative social norms and legal constraints, manifesting in affordable pulp fiction pamphlets sold at railway stations and street stalls during the . These works, often anonymous or pseudonymous to evade prosecution, featured explicit narratives of desires, , and fantasy scenarios, filling a void left by censored media and limited sexual . Publications under imprints like "Mastram," which debuted around and proliferated through low-cost editions, achieved massive circulation—estimated in millions—among semi-literate male readers in northern , driven by scarcity of visual and cultural repression of open on sexuality. Such literature, while formulaic and sensationalist, provided an outlet for repressed urges in a society where and frank remained stigmatized, though critics noted its reinforcement of patriarchal fantasies over mutual agency. This underground genre contrasted sharply with ancient texts' holistic approach, highlighting a causal disconnect from pre-colonial integration of into ethics toward modern fragmentation under legal and moralistic pressures.

Development and Production

Script and Pre-Production

The screenplay for Mastram was co-written by debut director and , framing the story as a fictionalized account of an anonymous pulp author whose pseudonymous works, such as Chudai Ki Rani and Bus Ka Safar, circulated widely in northern from the late onward. Jaiswal drew inspiration from his adolescent encounters with these books, which he described as initially artistic explorations of desire rather than crude , though later imitators devolved into formulaic for profit. Lacking concrete biographical data on the real figure—whose identity remains unverified despite claims of multiple claimants—Jaiswal constructed Rajaram as a composite: a modest bank clerk from Allahabad whose unfulfilled literary ambitions lead him to pseudonymously pen sensational tales blending everyday realism with explicit fantasy, mirroring the commercial mechanics of the era's underground publishing. Pre-production emphasized narrative restraint to differentiate from exploitative cinema, with Jaiswal insisting that erotic elements serve character evolution rather than titillation, informed by his prior scripting work on . Producers , Sanjeev Singh Pal, and , via Bohra Bros Productions and , backed the low-budget endeavor despite certification hurdles anticipated from the due to thematic content. Casting focused on understated performers to evoke 1980s provincial authenticity, with principal photography prepared through period research into small-town heartland settings. The project premiered at the 15th Film Festival on October 19, 2013, garnering initial buzz and distributor interest for its unconventional biopic approach before theatrical expansion.

Filming and Technical Details

The principal filming for Mastram occurred in , and Mumbai, Maharashtra, capturing both rural and urban settings reflective of the series' Indian backdrop. These locations facilitated the depiction of the protagonist's journey from a small-town environment to metropolitan publishing circles. To handle the series' explicit content, producer Prabhleen Kaur engaged Hollywood intimacy coordinator Amanda Cutting, who choreographed the erotic sequences to ensure actor comfort and professional execution, marking an early adoption of such practices in Indian web content. Episodes were edited by Bhupesh Micky Sharma, with each installment running approximately 30–40 minutes.) The production was handled by Almighty Motion Picture in association with , emphasizing a digital workflow suited to streaming formats. No public details on specific cinematography equipment, such as camera models or lenses, have been disclosed, though the visual style prioritized narrative intimacy over high-end effects.

Crew Contributions

Harish Vyas directed the series, overseeing the production of its 10 episodes that blend erotic narratives with the protagonist's personal struggles in 1980s . Vyas managed the intimate scenes while maintaining a focus on character development, as noted in reviews highlighting the series' tempo and logical progression despite its provocative content. Aryan Sunil served as the writer, crafting the script that adapts the fictionalized life of an author, incorporating elements of small-town Indian and the commercialization of explicit literature. Sunil's narrative structure weaves real-life inspirations with fictional erotic tales, aiming to sustain viewer engagement across episodes. Production was handled by Almighty Motion Picture and , with Ravi Bohra as responsible for overall oversight of the 10-episode season released on April 30, 2020. Himani Chauhan acted as supervising producer, coordinating logistics and post-production for the series' streaming rollout. Prabhleen Sandhu contributed as a producer, supporting the adaptation's execution under the digital platform's guidelines. Faroukh Mistry handled for all 10 episodes, employing visual techniques to capture the era's rustic settings and intimate moments, drawing from his experience in over 1,500 commercials and . His work emphasized atmospheric lighting to evoke the Indian heartland, enhancing the series' blend of everyday realism and sensuality. The music was composed by Ashish Chhabra, Saurabh Kalsi, and Ullumanati, providing a that underscores the erotic and dramatic tensions without overpowering the dialogue-driven scenes. This collaborative score integrates period-appropriate elements to support the narrative's exploration of forbidden desires.

Cast

Principal Actors

stars as Rajaram, the protagonist and aspiring from a small town in 1980s who turns to writing erotic fiction under the pseudonym Mastram to achieve literary success and . Jha, known for prior roles in films like (2013), brings nuance to the character's internal conflicts between societal norms and creative ambitions. Tara Alisha Berry portrays Madhu, Rajaram's love interest and a pivotal figure influencing his personal and professional life amid the series' exploration of desire and relationships. Berry, who debuted in Bollywood with Masti Unlimited (2009) and gained notice in The Perfect Girl (2015), embodies the sensual and emotional layers required for the role in this erotic drama. Aakash Dabhade plays Gopal, Rajaram's close friend and confidant who supports him through the challenges of underground publishing and personal dilemmas. Dabhade's performance highlights themes of and the gritty realities of aspiring artists in a conservative era. Jagat Rawat depicts Mama (Mamaji), a elder whose traditional views contrast with Rajaram's evolving worldview, adding tension to the narrative on generational clashes. Rawat, with experience in theater and films such as (2012), contributes to the series' depiction of familial pressures in rural .

Supporting Roles

Jagat Rawat portrays Mama, Rajaram's uncle who provides comic relief and familial guidance amid the protagonist's struggles in 1980s India. Aakash Dabhade plays Gopal, Rajaram's friend and confidant, appearing in all 10 episodes to support the central narrative of literary ambition and personal dilemmas. Rani Chatterjee appears as Rani, a character involved in the series' exploration of interpersonal relationships and societal taboos. Kenisha Awasthi plays Miss Rita, contributing to subplots centered on and professional encounters. takes on a secondary maternal role, adding depth to family dynamics in select episodes. These actors, drawn from Indian television and regional cinema, deliver performances that balance humor with the series' undertones, though critics noted varying degrees of nuance in their portrayals compared to the leads.

Synopsis

Plot Overview

Mastram centers on Rajaram, an aspiring writer in rural 1980s whose earnest but conventional manuscripts are repeatedly rejected by publishers as dull and unmarketable. Facing financial hardship and personal humiliation, Rajaram experiments by infusing fantasies into his work, adopting the "Mastram" to publish a series of sensational, sexually explicit stories that rapidly gain popularity among readers seeking titillating content. The 10-episode structure blends Rajaram's turbulent real-life experiences—such as familial pressures for , interactions with local characters, and the ethical dilemmas of his newfound fame—with the vivid, passion-driven narratives he crafts, often drawing inspiration from everyday encounters and suppressed desires in his conservative surroundings. Episodes typically follow a pattern where Rajaram observes or participates in mundane or provocative scenarios, transforming them into erotic fiction that critiques societal hypocrisies around and literature while propelling his career forward. As success mounts, Rajaram grapples with the duality of his identity: the unassuming villager versus the anonymous provocateur whose writings ignite public and personal temptations, ultimately questioning the boundaries between artistic integrity and commercial exploitation in a repressed cultural context.

Release and Distribution

Certification Challenges

The film Mastram, a biographical depiction of the pseudonymous Hindi writer Mohanlalwani, encountered scrutiny from the (CBFC) due to its explicit themes and scenes involving and . Producer noted that the board's examination process was protracted, leading to delays in certification as the content was assessed for compliance with India's Cinematograph Act guidelines on and public morality. Clearance was ultimately granted on May 8, 2014, just 48 hours before the scheduled theatrical release on May 9, with an 'A' (adults only) certificate and two minor modifications: one visual cut and one audio mute, reportedly to tone down specific suggestive elements without altering the narrative core. Director Akhilesh Jaiswal had expressed optimism for an uncut 'A' rating, emphasizing that the film's portrayal of served the story rather than gratuitous purposes, though the board's interventions reflected standard caution toward soft-porn genres in Bollywood. These challenges highlighted broader tensions in Indian film certification for erotic biopics, where CBFC often demands adjustments to avoid legal challenges under Section 292 of the on obscene materials, yet the minimal cuts allowed Mastram to proceed without escalation to the Film Certification Appellate Tribunal. The timely resolution averted a potential postponement, enabling the film's nationwide rollout despite pre-release apprehensions in media reports.

Theatrical Rollout

The film received theatrical certification from the (CBFC) on 7 May 2014, with two minor cuts, enabling its nationwide release two days later on 9 May 2014. Producer expressed relief over the timely approval after prolonged delays stemming from content objections related to . Mastram opened on approximately 800 screens across , targeting urban and semi-urban multiplexes amid anticipation from its erotic theme and biographical premise. First-day collections registered ₹53 nett, reflecting modest initial audience turnout despite promotional efforts highlighting the controversial subject matter. The opening weekend aggregated ₹2.19 nett, but footfalls declined sharply thereafter due to mixed word-of-mouth and competition from other releases. Overall, the theatrical run concluded as a box-office flop, with lifetime domestic nett collections falling short of recovery thresholds for its reported ₹6 budget, underscoring limited commercial viability for niche adult-oriented content in mainstream exhibition circuits.

Reception

Critical Analysis

Mastram attempts to dissect the of an aspiring litterateur, Rajaram, who turns to pseudonymous writing amid repeated rejections of his serious works, highlighting the economic imperatives overriding artistic purity in a society where overt sexuality is taboo yet covertly consumed. The narrative underscores how 1980s India's stringent fostered underground pulp fiction markets, with titles like Baniye Ka symbolizing the of fantasy to meet unacknowledged demands. This premise reveals causal dynamics: literary gatekeepers' disdain for "matter without meat" compels creators toward sensationalism for survival, mirroring empirical patterns in repressed cultural contexts where suppressed desires fuel clandestine industries. Critics, however, faulted the film's execution for diluting its provocative potential through languid pacing and repetitive character expressions, rendering the exploration of Rajaram's psyche—torn between aspiration and carnal —insufficiently dynamic. Rahul Bagga's portrayal starts earnestly but devolves into formulaic restraint, while supporting elements like background score exacerbate drag, preventing deeper probing into the writer's erosion or societal . Mainstream outlets, often aligned with conservative sensibilities, emphasized this banality, rating it lowly at 1.5 to 2 out of 5, though such assessments may reflect institutional unease with unvarnished depictions of rather than objective flaws. Contrasting views credit director Akhilesh Jaiswal's subtlety for eschewing exploitative visuals, instead offering a semi-autobiographical lens on India's dual standards—shaming publicly while devouring it privately—as evidenced by the pseudonym's era-defining success. This approach yields insightful commentary on collective repression, where individual agency yields to , though the film's restraint arguably mirrors the very hypocrisies it critiques, limiting visceral impact. Overall, Mastram's mixed reception—praised at 4/5 by some for bold thematic risks—exposes tensions in Indian cinema between truth-telling on human drives and , with empirical box-office underperformance underscoring audience preference for over reflection.

Audience and Commercial Performance

Mastram attracted a dedicated primarily interested in its erotic themes and biographical elements, earning an IMDb user rating of 6.8 out of 10 from 2,752 reviews. Viewers frequently praised the series for its bold depiction of sensuality intertwined with real-life struggles, with one review calling it "the best erotic drama of this year" due to its engaging narration and adult-oriented content. However, some members noted inconsistencies in pacing and character depth, reflecting divided sentiments on its artistic merits beyond titillation. In terms of commercial performance, the series marked a significant success for as an ad-supported free streaming platform, reportedly achieving hundreds of millions of views globally. Consumer analytics from Nielsen indicated that Mastram, alongside other Indian originals like Aarya and , outperformed international benchmarks such as Netflix's and in viewership metrics during 2020. This surge underscored the viability of niche erotic content in driving traffic to regional platforms, though exact revenue figures from advertisements remain undisclosed by the producers. The platform's decision to rate it 18+ and promote it aggressively contributed to its rapid uptake among urban and semi-urban Indian viewers seeking uncensored narratives.

Controversies

Public Protests

In May , members of the Association protested the film's depiction of nurses, particularly a scene portraying a nurse in an allegedly obscene context involving a woman's suhag raat ( after marriage). The group boycotted International Day observances on May 12, staging silent demonstrations outside hospitals and demanding a statewide ban on screenings. Nurses in , led by local associations, announced plans to escalate the agitation, including potential legal complaints against the , producers, and director for approving and creating the content. Jaiswal responded by expressing surprise at the backlash and advising protesters to view the film in full before forming judgments, emphasizing its basis in real literary works rather than gratuitous . These actions highlighted concerns over professional misrepresentation but did not result in a formal ban or widespread disruptions to the film's release.

Political Opposition

In April 2014, ahead of its release, the promotional posters for Mastram drew criticism from Shiv Sena's , Chitrapat Sena, whose general secretary Akshay Bardapurkar condemned them as obscene and demanded their immediate removal from public display in . This objection stemmed from the poster's depiction of suggestive imagery, which Bardapurkar argued violated public decency standards. The controversy escalated when Chitrapat Sena urged the (BEST) chairman, Arun Balaji Gadekar, to enforce strict measures against the posters' placement on buses and public property, leading to disruptions in the film's promotional activities in the city. , known for its cultural vigilantism on media content perceived as morally corrupting, positioned the opposition as a defense of traditional values amid the film's explicit erotic theme. Despite the pressure, the film proceeded to release on May 9, 2014, without a formal ban, though the incident underscored political sensitivities toward erotic cinema in .

Cultural Impact

Influence on Depictions of Erotica

Mastram (2014) contributed to evolving depictions of erotica in Indian cinema by dramatizing the clandestine world of pulp erotic literature, which had long circulated underground through affordable Hindi pamphlets since the 1980s. The film portrayed the protagonist's transformation into a pseudonymous author of explicit stories, reflecting the real Mastram's estimated sales of millions of copies via street vendors, thereby normalizing discussions of such content in mainstream narratives. This approach highlighted how erotic fiction served as an accessible outlet for sexual curiosity amid India's conservative social norms and stringent censorship under the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC). The film's release spurred what media outlets described as the "Mastram effect," signaling a commercial shift toward bolder erotic elements in Bollywood, where films with nudity or sexual themes began generating significant box office interest despite cultural taboos. Pre-Mastram, such portrayals were typically marginalized or sanitized, but the movie's anticipation and eventual A-rated theatrical run on May 9, 2014, demonstrated audience demand, encouraging producers to pursue similar projects with less restraint. For example, it paved the way for increased skin exposure in subsequent films, framing erotica as a viable genre rather than mere sensationalism. Critics noted that Mastram's influence extended to blurring distinctions between artistic and exploitative content, influencing over-the-top (OTT) platforms later by validating serialized explorations of and desire. While some viewed this as progressive—exposing hypocrisies in India's dual moral standards—others contended it risked reducing complex sexual themes to titillation, echoing broader debates on whether such depictions foster genuine discourse or merely capitalize on . The film's director, , emphasized that should not dominate for its own sake, underscoring an intent to elevate through contextual storytelling rather than gratuitous scenes.

Broader Societal Reflections

The portrayal of the pseudonymous writer in the 2014 film Mastram illuminates the entrenched in Indian societal attitudes toward sexuality, where like the original Mastram stories achieved massive underground circulation in the Hindi-speaking belt during the 1980s, yet faced public disdain and legal scrutiny under obscenity laws such as Section 292 of the . This secret popularity—evident in widespread covert readership among middle-class men—contrasts sharply with overt moral conservatism, revealing a cultural repression that channels sexual curiosity into clandestine outlets rather than healthy discourse, potentially exacerbating issues like and . The narrative critiques how societal rejection of mainstream literary ambitions pushes creators toward exploitative genres, as depicted in the protagonist's shift from aspirational writing to pulp amid 1980s economic and cultural stagnation, mirroring broader constraints on in a risk-averse landscape dominated by conservative gatekeepers. This reflects a causal dynamic where puritanical norms stifle diverse expression, fostering a market for over substance, while adaptations like the film force confrontation with these hypocrisies, sparking viewer introspection on the disconnect between private desires and public propriety. In the digital era, echoes of this tension persist with over-the-top (OTT) adaptations, such as the 2020 Mastram web series, which garnered millions of views despite backlash, highlighting evolving media landscapes that evade traditional but provoke demands for amid concerns over explicit content's influence on and moral fabric. Such controversies underscore a societal rift: via streaming platforms enables franker explorations of sexuality, potentially normalizing discussions and reducing stigma, yet invites political against perceived decay, perpetuating cycles of suppression over evidence-based approaches to sexual and . The Mastram phenomenon thus exemplifies how unaddressed cultural taboos sustain dual standards, impeding progress toward a more integrated understanding of grounded in realism rather than denial.

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  51. https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/mastram-promotions-suffer-because-of-political-heat-338722/
  52. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtK4LuZQVck
  53. https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/the-mastram-effect--erotica-comes-of-age-in-india-cinema-15133054
  54. https://santabanta.com/bollywood/79883/the-mastram-effect-er%40tica-the-next-big-thing-in-indian-cinema/
  55. https://therealpornwikileaks.com/mastram-effect-erotic-cinema-comes-age-india/
  56. https://www.news18.com/news/india/mastram-review-imaginary-biography-of-the-writer-of-soft-porn-classics-like-baniye-ka-lollipop-lacks-colour-686789.html
  57. https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/akhilesh-jaiswal-news-290417
  58. https://indiannerve.com/mastram-movie-review-a-laugh-at-the-great-indian-hypocrisy-15309/
  59. https://movies.fullhyderabad.com/mastram/hindi/mastram-movie-reviews-6059-2.html
  60. https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/xxx-on-the-couch-erotica-turns-up-heat-in-the-ott-world/story-Xt8FGxoFLt8bozWxa0zkdK.html
  61. https://quantumcs.com/in/india-is-watching-more-frank-sexual-content-but-is-that-a-good-thing/
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