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Michelle Good
Michelle Good
from Wikipedia

Michelle Good is a Cree writer, poet, and lawyer from Canada, most noted for her debut novel Five Little Indians.[1] She is a member of the Red Pheasant Cree Nation in Saskatchewan.[2] Good has an MFA and a law degree from the University of British Columbia and, as a lawyer, advocated for residential-school survivors.[3][4]

Key Information

Early life and education

[edit]

Good is a member of the Red Pheasant Cree Nation.[5][6] She was impacted by the 60s scoop and spent time in the foster care system.[7] Her great-grandmother participated in the 1885 uprising at Frog Lake and her Great Grandmother's uncle was Big Bear.[5] Good graduated from the University of British Columbia with a Masters of Fine Arts in Creative writing in 2014.[6] The first draft of her debut novel, Five Little Indians, was her graduate thesis project.[6] She began to practice law in her 40's, sharing the histories of residential schools in courtrooms.[7] Good received an Honorary Doctor of Letters, honoris causa, from Simon Fraser University on October 7, 2022.[8][9]

Career

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Five Little Indians is a story about five British Columbia residential-school survivors.[10] Although the novel itself is fiction, some of the episodes were based on real experiences of her mother and grandmother, who were both survivors of Canada's residential school system.[1] The book was set to be adapted as a 2021 limited television series by producer Martin Katz.[11][12][needs update]

Truth Telling is the second book written by Good, it is a collection of essays on historical and modern experiences of indigenous in Canada. It covers wide variety of topics from life of indigenous people to modern social institution in Canada. Published on May 30, 2023, and finalist for the Balsillie Prize for Public Policy.[13]

Awards and Nominations

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Five Little Indians literary awards

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Year Award Result Ref.
2020 Governor General's Awards English-language fiction Won [14][15]
HarperCollins/UBC Best New Fiction Prize Won [16]
Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize Shortlisted [17]
Scotiabank Giller Prize Longlisted [18][19]
2021 Amazon.ca First Novel Award Won [20]
Amnesty International Book Club Reader's Choice Selection [21]
BC and Yukon Book Prize Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize Shortlisted [22]
Jim Deva Prize Shortlisted [23]
City of Vancouver Book Award Won [24]
Forest of Reading Evergreen Award Won [25]
Indigenous Voices Award Published Prose in English: Fiction Shortlisted [26]
Kobo Emerging Writer Prize Fiction Won [27][28]
2022 Canada Reads Written Book Won [29]

Biblio

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  • Five Little Indians (2020)
  • Truth Telling: Seven Conversations About Indigenous Life in Canada (2023)

Poetry

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  • —— (2016). "Defying Gravity". In Humphreys, Helen; Peacock, Molly (eds.). The Best Canadian Poetry in English 2016. Tightrope Books. ISBN 9781988040103.
  • The Best of the Best Canadian Poetry in English: The Tenth Anniversary Edition. Published on November 1, 2017 by Tightrope Books. Editors Anita Lahey and Molly Peacock.[30][31]

Essays

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  • A Tradition of Violence published in Keetsahnak: Our Missing and Murdered Indigenous Sisters. Published in 2018 by University of Alberta Press. Editors Kim Anderson, Maria Campbell, and Christi Belcourt.[32][33]
  • Best Canadian Essay 2023. Published on December 13, 2022 by Biblioasis. Editor Mireille Silcoff.[33][34]

Journal

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  • Gatherings Volume VII: The En'owkin Journal of First North American Peoples. Published in 1996 by Theytus Books. Editors Kateri Akiwenzie-Damm and Jeannette Armstrong[33]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia
Michelle Good is a Canadian writer and lawyer of Cree ancestry, a member of the in , best known for her debut novel Five Little Indians, which examines the intergenerational impacts of Canada's residential school system on Indigenous survivors. After 25 years working with Indigenous organizations, Good earned a law degree from the and practiced in Indigenous law, , and before retiring to write full-time; she later obtained a in from the same institution. Five Little Indians (2020) won the Governor General's Literary Award for Fiction, the Amazon Canada First Novel Award, the HarperCollins/UBC Prize for Best New Fiction, and was chosen as the winner of CBC's competition in 2022. Her 2023 non-fiction work Truth Telling: Seven Conversations About Indigenous Life in , which draws on her legal experience and historical analysis to address policy failures affecting Indigenous communities, won the 2024 High Plains in the Indigenous writer category and was a finalist for the Writers' Trust Balsillie Prize for Public Policy. Good's writing, grounded in her professional background advocating for residential school survivors, emphasizes empirical accounts of systemic harms over narrative embellishment.

Early life and family background

Childhood and Indigenous heritage

Michelle Good possesses ancestry as a descendant of the Battle River Cree and holds membership in the , located in within territory. Her maternal lineage includes survivors of Canada's residential school system, with her mother and grandmother having endured such institutions, alongside other relatives. Born in 1956 in , —a remote coastal town lacking road access until later development—Good grew up as one of five children to a Cree mother and a father of French and English heritage, both originating from . This mixed background positioned her outside traditional reserve life, reflecting broader patterns of Indigenous displacement and intermarriage in mid-20th-century . She resided in during her early years before relocating to in her teenage period. At age 13 in the 1960s, Good entered amid government assimilation initiatives targeting Indigenous children, an experience emblematic of the era's child welfare policies that separated families to enforce cultural . Such interventions, often lacking familial , contributed to intergenerational trauma within Indigenous communities, though Good's specific circumstances underscore her navigation of non-Indigenous systems from youth.

Family influences and upbringing

Michelle Good was born in 1956 in , , as one of five children to a Cree mother and a father of French and English descent, both originating from . Her mother, a residential school survivor from St. Barnabas Indian Residential School in Onion Lake, , worked as a and lost her Indian status under the upon marrying Good's non-Indigenous father, a policy that also excluded Good from formal recognition as status Indian during her youth. This marital provision, in effect until 1985, severed direct legal ties to her heritage through federal mechanisms, though Good maintained affiliation with the . Good's upbringing in , a remote northern community without road access at the time, involved annual summers spent on the Saskatchewan reserve, fostering early connections to cultural roots despite her urban primary residence. As a teenager, she relocated to , where she resided into her early twenties before pursuing further opportunities. Family dynamics emphasized , with both parents as avid readers; Good recalls cherished childhood moments of her father reading aloud, instilling a foundational appreciation for literature that later informed her writing. Intergenerational influences were profound, shaped by her mother's reticent accounts of residential school hardships—often euphemized as ""—and broader family history tied to resistance against colonial encroachment. Her great-grandmother, present during the 1885 amid the , exemplified ancestral resilience, as did connections to Chief through kinship, embedding themes of survival and cultural continuity in Good's worldview. These elements, combined with her mixed-heritage household, cultivated a dual awareness of Indigenous trauma and personal agency, avoiding the direct institutional assimilation her forebears endured.

Education and early career

Formal education

Good pursued postsecondary education later in life, obtaining a from the after approximately 25 years of work with Indigenous organizations. She completed this degree at age 43. Subsequently, while continuing to practice law and manage her own firm, Good earned a in from the in 2014. This program allowed her to develop her literary skills alongside her legal career.

Initial professional experiences

Good began her legal career after obtaining her from the in the late 1990s, transitioning from 25 years of prior work with Indigenous organizations. Her initial practice focused on advocacy for survivors of Canada's residential school system, a role informed by her longstanding exposure to affected communities. She engaged in legal work across both public and private sectors, representing clients in claims related to historical abuses under the . Over the subsequent 14 years, this advocacy formed the core of her early professional efforts, including investigations into intergenerational trauma stemming from policies. Good eventually established and managed her own firm while continuing this specialization in Indigenous law. Good obtained her law degree from the at age 43, entering legal practice after 25 years of prior work with Indigenous organizations. She focused her career on Aboriginal law, practicing in both public and private sectors as a and solicitor in . Her primary emphasis was advocacy for survivors of Canada's Indian Residential Schools, representing clients in claims processes stemming from the federal government's assimilationist policies that operated from the 1880s to 1996. In this role, Good provided legal representation to ensure survivors received procedural support, safety, and empathetic handling during compensation and reconciliation proceedings under frameworks like the 2006 . She investigated and documented the systemic trauma inflicted by residential schools, including forced separation of Indigenous children from families, cultural erasure, and physical abuse, aiding in individual and class-action redress. Over more than 14 years, her efforts contributed to broader accountability for intergenerational harms, though specific case outcomes remain tied to confidential survivor testimonies. Good managed her own while continuing this practice, balancing legal work with emerging literary pursuits. Her approach prioritized survivor-centered advocacy within Indigenous law, drawing on her Cree heritage and Nlaka'pamux background to address inequities rooted in the and colonial legal structures.

Advocacy work and key involvements

Good has been involved in Indigenous advocacy since her teenage years in the , initially working with various Indigenous organizations as an activist and teacher to support communities affected by historical traumas. For approximately 25 years prior to obtaining her , she engaged in efforts addressing issues faced by , including those stemming from colonial policies. Following her legal training, Good focused her professional advocacy on representing survivors of Canada's residential school system, practicing in both public and private sectors for over 14 years. In this capacity, she assisted survivors in navigating claims processes, prioritizing their emotional support, safety, and comprehension of legal proceedings to counter the systemic barriers often encountered. Her work emphasized the intergenerational impacts of residential schools, drawing from direct interactions with survivors who formed the majority of those she served. Beyond direct representation, Good has contributed to broader public discourse on , including critiques of cultural appropriation that undermine authentic Indigenous voices and efforts. She has participated in speaking engagements advocating for meaningful between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians on topics such as obligations and colonial legacies. These involvements underscore her commitment to empirical acknowledgment of historical injustices over narrative simplifications.

Literary career

Transition to writing

Good's transition to writing occurred later in life, prompted by a desire to document her experiences in Indigenous advocacy before it was too late. At age 54, in 2011, she enrolled in the program in at the , pursuing formal training while maintaining her full-time legal practice and managing her own law firm focused on residential school survivors. This dual commitment bridged her professional background in law with literary development; her advocacy work representing survivors for over 14 years provided raw material and thematic depth for her emerging prose. During the MFA, she began drafting her debut novel Five Little Indians in 2011, dedicating approximately nine years to its completion amid ongoing legal obligations. Prior to the novel, Good had explored poetry, with selections appearing in Best Canadian Poetry, but the MFA represented a deliberate pivot toward narrative informed by first-hand encounters with intergenerational trauma. This period solidified her shift, enabling publication of Five Little Indians in 2020 upon MFA completion, while she resided in British Columbia's southern interior.

Major works and publications

Michelle Good's debut novel, Five Little Indians, was published in August 2020 by Canada. The book chronicles the interconnected lives of five Indigenous survivors of Canada's residential school system as they navigate trauma, resilience, and community in during the late . It received the 2020 Governor General's Literary Award for Fiction and the 2021 Amazon Canada First Novel Award. In 2023, Good published Truth Telling: Seven Conversations About Indigenous Life in , a non-fiction work issued by on May 30, exploring topics such as residential schools, , child welfare, and Indigenous sovereignty through personal and legal perspectives. The book draws on her experiences as a and advocate, critiquing systemic issues while advocating for . Prior to her novels, Good contributed poetry and short stories to various Canadian anthologies and periodicals, including selections in The Best Canadian Poetry in English and Gatherings journal. Her essays have appeared in outlets such as Best Canadian Essays 2023. These earlier publications often address Indigenous identity, loss, and cultural persistence, reflecting her transition from legal advocacy to literature.

Literary themes and influences

Michelle Good's fiction, exemplified by her debut novel Five Little Indians (2020), recurrently explores the intergenerational trauma stemming from Canada's residential school system, depicting survivors' battles with , , and cultural disconnection as direct consequences of policies implemented from the late 19th century through the 1990s. The narrative interweaves five protagonists' lives to illustrate systemic cruelty's erosion of Indigenous identity, contrasted with motifs of resilience through community ties, spiritual reconnection, and individual agency in defying marginalization. This emphasis on causal chains—from to lifelong socioeconomic fallout—extends to themes of failed assimilation, where characters' coping mechanisms, such as or familial estrangement, reflect empirical patterns documented in survivor testimonies and government inquiries like the 2015 Truth and Reconciliation Commission report. In her nonfiction, such as the essay collection addressing Indigenous resurgence (published circa 2023), Good delves into resistance against colonial legacies, critiquing as insufficient without Indigenous reclamation of and , grounded in historical precedents of breaches and dispossession dating to the . Across genres, her works privilege empirical realism over sentiment, portraying family as both a site of inherited wounds and potential , while underscoring the search for home amid urban displacement—a phenomenon affecting over 50% of Canada's Indigenous population per 2021 census data. Good's literary style draws from Canadian authors who modeled introspective character studies amid harsh environments, notably Ethel Wilson's Swamp Angel (1954), which she credits for its portrayal of women's endurance and redemption, influencing her own feminist-inflected resilience arcs in Indigenous contexts. Margaret Laurence's novels like The Diviners (1974) and Alice Munro's short story collections ignited her appreciation for precise, evocative prose capturing psychological depth, while Louise Erdrich's Love Medicine (1984) shaped her approach to interconnected Indigenous narratives transcending national borders. Nonfiction like Dee Brown's Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee (1970) provided a formative lens on U.S. Indigenous genocides, paralleling Canadian policies and spurring her advocacy-oriented writing. Her two decades as a lawyer representing residential school claimants, involving direct engagement with over 100 survivors since the 2000s, supplies raw, experiential authenticity, prioritizing causal fidelity to documented abuses over abstracted symbolism.

Awards and recognition

Literary prizes for Five Little Indians

Five Little Indians won the /UBC Best New Fiction Prize in 2018, recognizing the unpublished manuscript as the top entry among submissions from emerging Canadian writers. The novel received the Governor General's Literary Award for English-language fiction in 2020, one of Canada's most esteemed honors for literary achievement, selected from shortlisted works by a of literary experts. In 2021, it claimed the Amazon Canada First Novel Award, which included a $60,000 prize, honoring outstanding debuts in Canadian fiction. That same year, Five Little Indians earned the Kobo Emerging Writer Prize for , a $10,000 award celebrating new voices in the genre. It also secured the Forest of Reading Evergreen Award in October 2021, voted by readers as the best adult title from Ontario's largest reading program. In 2022, the book triumphed in , the CBC's competitive literary contest, defended by artist Julie Flett and selected as the essential Canadian title by a panel of champions.

Other honors and nominations

In recognition of her broader contributions to Indigenous advocacy, legal work, and literature, Good received an honorary from on October 7, 2022. This degree honored her efforts as a representing residential survivors and her role in amplifying Indigenous narratives through writing. Good was selected as the 2025 recipient of the Indspire Award in the category, the highest honor bestowed by the Indigenous community in for outstanding achievement. The award acknowledges her lifelong commitment to truth-telling, encompassing her legal practice, advocacy for and residential school survivors, and literary output. Additionally, she was appointed the University of Calgary's Distinguished Visiting Writer for the 2024-25 academic year, involving public readings, workshops, and engagement with the literary community. No other major nominations or honors outside her primary literary accolades have been documented in public records as of October 2025.

Reception and critiques

Critical acclaim

Five Little Indians (2020), Good's , garnered significant praise from literary critics for its unflinching examination of the intergenerational trauma inflicted by Canada's residential school system on Indigenous survivors. Reviewers commended the work's ability to humanize statistical atrocities through interconnected narratives of five survivors navigating urban life in during the 1960s and 1970s, emphasizing themes of resilience amid profound loss. The highlighted its role in addressing persistent societal questions about survivor recovery, portraying the characters' struggles as a direct rebuttal to dismissive attitudes toward historical injustices. Canadian public broadcaster CBC described the novel as having received critical acclaim for its resonant "moments of truth," which evoke visceral reader responses by grounding abstract policy failures in relatable human experiences; Good herself attributed this to the work's fidelity to lived realities, asserting that "truth is truth" regardless of fictional form. selected it for inclusion in its 2020 list of favorite books, recognizing its debut impact in chronicling post-residential school aftermaths drawn from familial and communal histories. Literary outlets further praised the novel's structural ambition and emotional depth. The Review characterized its post-publication trajectory as an "unqualified success," attributing sustained attention to its evocative storytelling that bridges personal vignettes with broader Indigenous historical critique. Independent reviews echoed this, with magazine deeming it a "wonderful book" for fostering deeper understanding of resurfacing Indigenous narratives through compassionate prose. While reader aggregators like reflected broad enthusiasm with an average rating of 4.46 from over 45,000 ratings, professional critiques consistently valued its contribution to amplifying survivor voices without . Good's subsequent nonfiction Truth Telling: Stories of Residential School Survivors (2023) also drew positive notices for blending personal testimonies with analytical rigor, as noted in coverage of its effort to provide factual counterpoints to colonial narratives via survivor accounts. Critics appreciated its accessible style in expanding public discourse on reconciliation's prerequisites, though reception centered more on its evidentiary approach than stylistic innovation. Overall, Good's literary output has been lauded for prioritizing empirical survivor perspectives over abstract theorizing, earning her a reputation as a vital voice in contemporary Indigenous .

Criticisms and alternative perspectives

While Good's literary and advocacy work has garnered widespread praise within literary and academic circles, which often exhibit a predisposition toward narratives emphasizing colonial harms, alternative perspectives emphasize empirical scrutiny of residential school legacies. Investigations using at sites like in identified soil disturbances but no confirmed human remains after extensive follow-up, contradicting initial media reports of graves and prompting questions about the scale of alleged atrocities. Similarly, analyses of historical records indicate that while abuses and high mortality from disease occurred, overall death rates in some residential schools were not markedly higher than in broader Canadian populations during epidemics, challenging portrayals of uniform genocidal intent. Critics of the trauma-centric framework in works like Five Little Indians argue it risks perpetuating a deterministic victimhood narrative, where intergenerational effects overshadow individual agency and cultural resilience documented in some Indigenous communities. For instance, reviewer Zachary Houle noted in his assessment of Good's Truth Telling (2023) that the essays' repetitive invocation of historical policies like the lacks cohesion and fails to prescribe concrete paths forward, leaving readers without guidance on bridging identified power imbalances beyond critique. This echoes broader skepticism toward reconciliation-focused literature, where empirical data on post-Indian Act socioeconomic gains—such as increased and access for registered First Nations from 1980 to 2020—are underrepresented relative to enduring deficit models. In advocacy contexts, Good's calls for treaty honor and critique of performative reconciliation contrast with views prioritizing fiscal accountability, such as audits revealing inefficiencies in Indigenous funding allocations exceeding $30 billion annually without proportional outcomes in housing or employment. These perspectives, often marginalized in mainstream outlets due to institutional biases favoring expansive grievance frameworks, advocate for causal analysis linking current disparities more to policy dependencies than solely historical trauma.

Public impact and ongoing contributions

Influence on Indigenous discourse

Michelle Good's novel Five Little Indians, published in 2020, has shaped discussions on the long-term psychological and social consequences of Canada's residential school system by portraying the post-institutional lives of five fictional survivors in , drawing from her experiences as a representing actual survivors for over 14 years. The book's depiction of intergenerational trauma, addiction, and resilience prompted readers and educators to confront the system's role in ongoing Indigenous socioeconomic challenges, with its selection as the 2022 champion amplifying these themes in national conversations. Educators have incorporated it into curricula to illustrate survivor narratives beyond historical summaries, emphasizing causal links between forced assimilation policies and contemporary disparities. In her 2023 essay collection Truth Telling: Seven Conversations About Indigenous Life in Canada, Good critiques colonial legacies such as the Indian Act's status provisions—particularly how Indigenous women lost legal recognition upon marrying non-Indigenous men—and urges non-Indigenous Canadians to interrogate assumptions about Indigenous progress, fostering dialogue on systemic barriers rather than isolated historical events. This work extends her influence by bridging legal advocacy with public education, challenging narratives that minimize residential school impacts as "past" issues given the system's operation until 1996. Good has also contributed to debates on Indigenous identity authenticity, decrying "pretendians"—non-Indigenous individuals falsely claiming or other ancestries—as mechanisms that dilute genuine voices and perpetuate settler fantasies of Indigenous , thereby harming trust and . Her commentary, informed by her own descent and membership in the , underscores the need for verifiable ties amid rising of high-profile identity claims, influencing calls for transparency in literary and academic Indigenous representation. While some online skepticism has questioned her personal status, her band's recognition and professional history affirm her standing, redirecting focus to substantive policy critiques over identity policing.

Recent developments and future projects

In 2023, Good published the essay collection Truth Telling: Seven Conversations about Indigenous Life in Canada, which addresses topics including resistance, reconciliation, and Indigenous resurgence through personal and analytical essays. The book was shortlisted for the 2024 Indigenous Voices Awards in the English category and the 2024 High Plains Book Awards. On June 12, 2024, Good received an honorary from the in recognition of her literary and advocacy contributions. She has continued public engagements, including a scheduled Chancellor's titled "Getting Under the Myth of Canadian History" at St. Thomas University on October 16, 2025. A limited television series adaptation of Five Little Indians is in development, with Cree Métis writer Shannon Masters set to write and serve as showrunner, focusing on the novel's portrayal of residential school survivors. No additional literary projects or publications have been publicly announced as of October 2025.

References

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