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Monarcha
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| Monarcha | |
|---|---|
| |
| Black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Monarchidae |
| Genus: | Monarcha Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 |
| Type species | |
| Muscipeta carinata[1] Swainson, 1830
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Monarcha is a genus of bird in the family Monarchidae. They are found in Australia and Melanesia.
Taxonomy and systematics
[edit]The genus Monarcha was introduced by naturalists Nicholas Vigors and Thomas Horsfield in 1827 with the black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis) as the type species.[2][3] The genus formerly included many more species. Based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2005 nineteen species were moved to the resurrected genus Symposiachrus and three to Carterornis.[4][5]
Extant species
[edit]The genus Monarcha contains the following seven species:[5]
| Image | Common name | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
_(1).JPG) |
Island monarch | Monarcha cinerascens | Sulawesi to the Solomon Islands. |
 |
Black-faced monarch | Monarcha melanopsis | Australia and New Guinea |
 |
Black-winged monarch | Monarcha frater | Australia and New Guinea |
| Chestnut-bellied monarch includes Bougainville monarch | Monarcha castaneiventris | Solomon Islands. | |
| White-capped monarch | Monarcha richardsii | Western Province in the Solomon Islands. | |
| Yap monarch | Monarcha godeffroyi | Yap Main Islands, Micronesia. | |
 |
Tinian monarch | Monarcha takatsukasae | Northern Mariana Islands. |
Former species
[edit]Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Monarcha:
- Black-naped monarch (as Monarcha azurea)[6]
- Rarotonga monarch (as Monarches dimidiatus)[7]
- Marquesan monarch (as Monarcha mendozae)[8]
- Black monarch (as Monarcha axillaris)[9]
- Black-bibbed monarch (as Monarcha mundus)[10]
- Flores monarch (as Monarcha sacerdotum)[11]
- Boano monarch (as Monarcha boanensis)[12]
- Spectacled monarch (as Monarcha trivirgatus)[13]
- Spectacled monarch (Seram) (as Monarcha nigrimentum)[14]
- Spectacled monarch (bernsteinii) (as Monarcha bernsteini)[15]
- Spectacled monarch (melanopterus) (as Monarcha melanoptera)[16]
- Spectacled monarch (albiventris) (as Monarcha albiventris)[17]
- Spectacled monarch (gouldii) (as Monarcha gouldii)[18]
- Kai monarch (as Monarcha leucurus)[19]
- Tanahjampea monarch (as Monarcha everetti)[20]
- Kofiau monarch (as Monarcha julianae)[21]
- Biak monarch (as Monarcha brehmii)[22]
- Manus monarch (as Monarcha infelix)[23]
- Mussau monarch (as Monarcha menckei)[24]
- Black-tailed monarch (as Monarcha verticalis)[25]
- Djaul monarch (as Monarcha ateralba)[26]
- Solomons monarch (as Monarcha barbata)[27]
- Malaita monarch (as Monarcha malaitae)[28]
- Kolombangara monarch (as Monarcha browni or Monarcha kulambangrae)[29]
- Kolombangara monarch (nigrotectus) (as Monarcha nigrotectus)[30]
- White-collared monarch (as Monarcha vidua or Monarcha viduus)[31]
- White-eared monarch (as Monarcha leucotis)[32]
- White-naped monarch (as Monarcha pileatus)[33]
- White-naped monarch (buruensis) (as Monarcha buruensis)[34]
- Tanimbar monarch (as Monarcha castus)[35]
- Golden monarch (as Monarcha chrysomela)[36]
- Golden monarch (aruensis) (as Monarcha aruensis)[37]
- Golden monarch (melanonotus) (as Monarcha melanonotus)[38]
- Golden monarch (kordensis) (as Monarcha kordensis)[39]
- Ochre-collared monarch (as Monarcha insularis)[40]
- Shining flycatcher (as Monarcha alecto)[41]
- Velvet flycatcher (as Monarcha hebetior)[42]
References
[edit]- ^ "Monarchidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ^ Vigors, Nicholas Aylward; Horsfield, Thomas (1827). "Australian birds in the collection of the Linnean Society; with an attempt at arranging them according to their natural affinities". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (in English and Latin). 15 (1): 170–334 [254–255]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1826.tb00115.x. The title page is dated 1826.
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 500.
- ^ Filardi, C.E.; Smith, C.E. (2005). "Molecular phylogenetics of monarch flycatchers (genus Monarcha) with emphasis on Solomon Island endemics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (3): 776–788. Bibcode:2005MolPE..37..776F. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.007. PMID 16291094.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Monarchs". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
- ^ Harrison, John; Worfolk, Tim (2011-01-27). A Field Guide to the Birds of Sri Lanka. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-958566-3.
- ^ "Pomarea dimidiata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ "Pomarea mendozae - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
- ^ "Symposiachrus axillaris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
- ^ "Symposiachrus mundus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus sacerdotum - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus boanensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus nigrimentum - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus bernsteinii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus melanopterus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus albiventris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus trivirgatus gouldii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus leucurus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus everetti - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus loricatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
- ^ "Symposiachrus brehmii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Symposiachrus infelix - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Symposiachrus menckei - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
- ^ "Symposiachrus verticalis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ "Symposiachrus verticalis ateralbus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ "Symposiachrus barbatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Symposiachrus malaitae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T103713884A104089936. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103713884A104089936.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ "Symposiachrus browni - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
- ^ "Symposiachrus browni nigrotectus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
- ^ "Symposiachrus vidua - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
- ^ "Carterornis leucotis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis pileatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis pileatus buruensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis castus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela aruensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela melanonotus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Carterornis chrysomela kordensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Arses insularis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
- ^ "Myiagra alecto - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
- ^ "Myiagra hebetior - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
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