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New York State Route 28
New York State Route 28
New York State Route 28
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New York State Route 28 marker
New York State Route 28
Map
NY 28 highlighted in red, and former alignments maintained as reference routes in blue
Route information
Maintained by NYSDOT and the village of Cooperstown
Length281.69 mi[1] (453.34 km)
Existed1924[2]–present
Major junctions
South end NY 32 in Kingston
Major intersections
North end US 9 in Warrensburg
Location
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CountiesUlster, Delaware, Otsego, Herkimer, Oneida, Hamilton, Warren
Highway system
← NY 27A→ NY 28A
← NY 531I-587→ I-590

New York State Route 28 (NY 28) is a state highway extending for 281.69 miles (453.34 km) in the shape of a "C" between the Hudson Valley city of Kingston and southern Warren County in the U.S. state of New York. Along the way, it intersects several major routes, including Interstate 88 (I-88), U.S. Route 20 (US 20), and the New York State Thruway twice. The southern terminus of NY 28 is at NY 32 in Kingston and the northern terminus is at US 9 in Warrensburg. In Kingston, NY 28 is co-designated as Interstate 587 from its southern terminus at NY 32 to the roundabout linking it to the Thruway (I-87).

NY 28 was originally assigned in 1924, to an alignment extending from Colliersville in the south to Utica in the north via Ilion. From Colliersville to Cooperstown, the highway followed its current routing (excluding minor realignments); north of Cooperstown, NY 28 was routed along several state highways that now have other designations. The route was extended south to Kingston and north to Warrensburg as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York. At the same time, NY 28 was realigned between Cooperstown and Mohawk to follow its modern routing. Other than minor realignments in Kingston, Oneonta, Herkimer, and Oneida County, NY 28 has remained the same to this day.

Route description

[edit]

Ulster County

[edit]

NY 28's southern terminus is with NY 32 (Albany Avenue) in the city of Kingston. The route heads north, then northwest on Colonel Chandler Drive, a four-lane freeway. The roadway is also designated and signed as I-587, which begins at NY 32 as well. Although Colonel Chandler Drive is built to Interstate Highway standards, it has no intermediary interchanges. After crossing over the Esopus Creek into Ulster, I-587 terminates at a roundabout that links I-587 and NY 28 to the New York State Thruway (I-87) at exit 19.[3]

The Catskills
A distant tree-covered mountain with a slight bump on the left side of its summit and gentle slopes. There are trees and grass in front of it.
Mount Tremper
A paved highway with double-yellow centerline, shoulders and a guardrail on the far side curves across the foreground. In the distance is a high, flat-topped mountain covered in woods, with some trees showing early autumn color, framed by similar slopes on either side. Above the landscape is a blue sky with clouds.
Balsam Mountain near Big Indian

West of I-87, the route becomes a four-lane undivided road and crosses the Blue Line of Catskill Park and becomes the Onteora Trail. Not long afterward, the highway meets US 209 by way of a cloverleaf interchange. Past US 209, the highway becomes a four-lane divided highway and enters a rural area as it heads northwest into the center of the state park.[3]

Near the eastern tip of the Ashokan Reservoir, in the town of Kingston, NY 28 intersects the eastern terminus of NY 28A. West of NY 28A, NY 28 continues towards the north and west along the northern edge of the reservoir. In West Hurley, the route intersects the southern terminus of NY 375. It proceeds along the reservoir to its western end in the town of Olive community of Boiceville, where NY 28A reconnects to the route. Here the mountains begin to loom over the road, with Mount Tremper dominating the view to the north as the route continues along Esopus Creek into the town of Shandaken after passing the southern terminus of NY 212 at Mount Pleasant. At Phoenicia, the largest settlement since Kingston, NY 214 reaches its southern terminus at the highway.[3]

Past Phoenicia, the surrounding slopes become steeper as the road and creek curve around Panther Mountain, one of the Catskill High Peaks, to the south. At Allaben, the Shandaken Tunnel crosses under the road, bringing water from Schoharie Reservoir into the creek. The road and creek start bending to the south to the hamlet of Shandaken, where the town hall on the south side of the road is followed by the southern terminus of NY 42's northern segment. As NY 28 continues trending southwest, the valley becomes less developed. Balsam Mountain, another High Peak, looms ahead.

The northern terminus of NY 42's southern segment marks the small hamlet of Big Indian, after which Esopus Creek crosses for the last time, turning south to its source at Winnisook Lake. The road begins a sustained climb over the next two miles paralleling an Esopus tributary, Birch Creek, up to Pine Hill. At the road to Belleayre Ski Center, in Highmount, the last junction before it leaves the Catskill Park and enters Delaware County, it is for the first time signed as a north–south route.[3]

Delaware and Otsego counties

[edit]
Two road signs with the number 28 in black on a white background with "North" and "South" written over them and arrows pointing in opposite directions underneath. On the left is a sign saying "Flesischmanns 1 mile" in black on a gold background with an arrow pointing to the left. Behind the signs are roads, woods and telephone wires
NY 28 becomes a north–south route just before the Delaware County line.

Across the county line in Middletown, the highway shifts towards the west. NY 28 begins a concurrency with NY 30 in Margaretville, with the routes paralleling the East Branch of the Delaware River. After crossing the Delaware River, the route ends its concurrency with NY 30, and NY 28 continues northwest through Andes as Main Street and Delaware Avenue. In the village of Delhi, the highway becomes known as Andes Road and has a short concurrency with NY 10 in the village center. North of Delhi, it continues north towards the hamlet of Meredith, proceeding west past the hamlet. In Franklin, NY 28 makes a 90-degree turn to the north at the roundabout intersection with the eastern end of NY 357.[3]

Once in Otsego County, it traverses an s-curve before veering to the east to follow the southern bank of the Susquehanna River through the town of Oneonta. The route initially connects to the city of Oneonta, which is located across the river from NY 28, via Main Street. Shortly afterward, NY 28 meets NY 23. The route turns north, overlapping NY 23 along the four-lane James F. Lettis Highway. The two routes cross the River and enter the Oneonta city limits before separating at I-88 exit 15. NY 23 continues north on the arterial, while NY 28 joins I-88 eastward out of the city.[3]

Back in the town of Oneonta, the overlap between NY 28 and I-88 continues along the northern bank of the Susquehanna toward the hamlet of Emmons, where the expressway meets County Route 47 (CR 47) at exit 16. The overlap ends at exit 17 in Milford; however, NY 28 remains in close proximity to the Susquehanna River, which turns northward at the interchange. Roughly 0.75 miles (1.21 km) north of I-88, the highway passes over NY 7 with no access between the two. After another 0.75 miles (1.21 km), the route meets D.K. Lifgren Drive[3] (unsigned NY 992G),[4] a connector providing access between Routes 7 and 28. North of Goodyear Lake, a body of water situated 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Lifgren Drive, the highway parallels the Susquehanna to the village of Milford, where it intersects the southern terminus of NY 166.[3]

The highway continues northward along the banks of the Susquehanna to the village of Cooperstown, home to the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Inside the village, the route is initially known as Chestnut Street. Two blocks from the business district of the village, it intersects NY 80, which occupies Chestnut Street north of this point. Both routes turn west, overlapping each other as the routes leave the village.[3] The portion of the highway between the southern border of the village of Cooperstown and the northern intersection with Grove Street is maintained by the village, and is the only section of the route not maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT).[5] Routes 28 and 80 head towards the northwest, passing by the now-abandoned Cooperstown Airport. In Otsego, the NY 28/80 concurrency ends at the intersection of NY 205. NY 28 continues northward as it passes Canadarago Lake. In Richfield Springs, the highway has a concurrency with US 20 for 0.5 miles (0.8 km). North of US 20, the highway exits Otsego County.[3]

Herkimer and Oneida counties

[edit]
A view of the four-lane NY 5S as it approaches a traffic signal. NY 28 is accessed by turning left at the signal. In the background and distance are tree-covered mountains.
NY 28 at the intersection of NY 5S

In German Flatts, NY 28 becomes Columbia Street and intersects the western terminus of NY 168. In Mohawk, NY 28 intersects and has a brief overlap with NY 5S. After crossing the Mohawk River, NY 28 becomes Mohawk Street and meets I-90 (New York State Thruway) at exit 30. In the village of Herkimer, NY 28 has a concurrency with NY 5. North of NY 5, NY 28 begins to parallel the West Canada Creek. In Middleville, it intersects the western terminus of NY 29 and the northern terminus of NY 169. The highway executes a 90-degree turn at the three-route junction. NY 28 continues towards the north paralleling the West Canada Creek. In Poland, NY 28 begins a wrong-way concurrency with NY 8.[3]

In Deerfield, Oneida County, NY 28 splits from NY 8. NY 28 crosses the West Canada Creek and leaves Oneida County for about 3 miles (5 km), then re-crosses the creek and enters Oneida County again. In Trenton, NY 28 joins NY 12 northward toward Barneveld. In Barneveld, NY 12 and NY 28 intersect NY 365. NY 28 splits from NY 12 in Remsen and heads toward the northeast, passing through numerous lakes and reservoirs. In Forestport, it enters Adirondack Park as it parallels the Adirondack Mountains.[3]

NY 28 briefly reenters Herkimer County, but does not have any major junctions. NY 28 passes the Fulton Chain Lakes, among several other large lakes, as it winds through the Adirondack Park.[3]

Hamilton and Warren counties

[edit]
A two-lane highway passes alongside several two-story homes, some of which house businesses. One side of the highway is lined with telephone poles that have streetlights and American flags mounted on them.
NY 28 and NY 30 in Indian Lake

The Fulton Chain Lakes which NY 28 has been following extend into Hamilton County. The highway soon reaches the settlement of Long Lake as it passes south of Raquette Lake. In the hamlet of Blue Mountain Lake, the route begins a wrong-way concurrency with NY 30; the concurrency ends in the hamlet of Indian Lake. East of NY 30, NY 28 begins to shift towards the south.[3]

NY 28 enters Warren County paralleling the Hudson River. In North Creek, it intersects the eastern terminus of NY 28N. The highway continues towards the south opposite to its original course. In Wevertown, it intersects NY 8. It continues towards the southeast paralleling the Hudson River and in Warrensburg, NY 28 comes to an end at a "Y" intersection with US 9.[3]

History

[edit]

Ulster and Delaware Turnpike

[edit]

In 1802, the Ulster and Delaware Turnpike was chartered by the New York State Legislature "for improving and making a road from the west line of the Town of Salisbury in the State of Connecticut to the Susquehanna River at or near the Town of Jericho (now Bainbridge)".[6] The portion of the Ulster and Delaware Turnpike east of the Hudson River was also commonly known as the Ulster and Salisbury Turnpike or the Salisbury Turnpike. West of the river, the turnpike connected Kingston to modern-day Bainbridge. At that time it followed modern NY 28 west from Kingston up to the Delaware County hamlet of Andes. From Andes, the turnpike alignment left NY 28 to follow modern CR 2 to De Lancey, NY 10 to Walton, and NY 206 to the Village of Bainbridge.[7] The turnpike crossed the river via the Kingston-Rhinecliff Ferry and used modern Rhinecliff Road and West Market Street to the village center of Rhinecliff, then roughly followed modern-day NY 308 to the hamlet of Eighmyville.[8] It continued east from there using part of present-day CR 52 to eventually connect with and follow the route of current NY 199.[9] The turnpike corporation operated through the late 19th century.

Designation

[edit]

NY 28 was designated in 1924, by the New York State Department of Transportation from Colliersville (near Oneonta) north to Utica.[2] At the time, NY 28 began at then-NY 9 in Colliersville and headed north on its current alignment to Cooperstown. NY 28 separated from its modern routing and continued to Springfield north of Cooperstown on what is now NY 80. Between Springfield and Richfield Springs, the highway utilized what is now US 20. At Richfield Springs, the highway turned north onto modern NY 167 and followed the current alignments of NY 167 and NY 168 to the village of Mohawk. Here, the highway turned westward, using a small portion of its current alignment and the present-day NY 5S corridor to connect to Utica by way of Ilion.[10]

In 1924, what is now NY 28 was part of NY 19 from Kingston to Margaretville (where NY 19 turned north to follow modern NY 30 to Grand Gorge), NY 9 from Oneonta to Colliersville, NY 28 from Colliersville to Cooperstown, NY 2 from Trenton to Forestport, and NY 10 from North Creek to Wevertown. The remaining portions of modern NY 28 were unnumbered.[2][10] By 1926, the portion of current NY 28 from Margaretville to Meredith was designated as part of NY 64. Past Meredith, NY 64 continued north to NY 23 on Palmerville Road, McDougal Road, Rathbun Road, and Prosser Hollow Road. Additionally, the segment of modern NY 28 from Middleville to Trenton was designated as part of NY 29.[10] Between 1926 and 1930, what is now NY 28 between Blue Mountain Lake and North Creek became part of NY 10A, a highway extending from Long Lake to North Creek via Blue Mountain Lake.[10][11][12]

A shaded area roughly depicts the city of Kingston. A solid line passes the city to the left; one end of the line reads "to New York City" while the other (at top) reads "to Albany". Another solid line leads from that line to the center of Kingston, where it ends.
1955 Yellow Book map of Kingston loosely depicting what became I-587 (NY 28)

In the 1930 renumbering, NY 28 was extended south from Colliersville to Kingston largely by way of its current alignment along the Ulster and Delaware Turnpike. North of Cooperstown, the route was realigned to follow its modern routing between Cooperstown and Mohawk, then extended into the North Country through Wevertown[11] to Warrensburg along its present alignment.[12] Between Colliersville and Cooperstown, the route remained unchanged. The small portion of NY 10A that did not become part of NY 28 in the renumbering was incorporated into NY 10.[11]

Realignments

[edit]

In Oneida County, NY 28 originally broke from its modern alignment southeast of Barneveld to follow modern CR 56 into the village. At Mappa Avenue, then carrying NY 12, NY 28 turned north, overlapping NY 12 north along Mappa Avenue through the village. Outside of Barneveld, NY 12 and NY 28 were routed on Plank Road and what is now CR 82 before rejoining their modern alignment near the Remsen community of East Steuben.[13] NY 28 was rerouted slightly c. 1940 to enter Barneveld via an extension of Trenton Falls Road and Mappa Avenue.[14][15] Both NY 12 and NY 28 were realigned onto a new four-lane roadway from Barneveld to East Steuben in the 1950s.[16][17]

Interstate 587 marker
Interstate 587
LocationKingston
Length1.21 mi[1] (1.95 km)
ExistedJuly 1960[18][19]–present
I-587/NY 28 westbound past NY 32 in Kingston

Within Kingston, NY 28 initially began at the intersection of Broadway and East Chester Street, which was part of US 9W at the time. From there, NY 28 followed Broadway, Albany and Clinton avenues, North Front Street, and Washington Avenue through the city to Ulster, where it joined its modern routing at what is now the roundabout leading to New York State Thruway exit 19.[20] When the initial plans for the Interstate Highway System were outlined by the Bureau of Public Roads in the 1955 Yellow Book, a highway was planned for the NY 28 corridor.[21] This highway was included as part of the 1,500-mile (2,414 km) expansion to the system in 1957. Construction began on the roadway, which became Colonel Chandler Drive, in December 1958. It was designated as I-587 and became part of a rerouted NY 28 upon its completion in July 1960.[18][19] NY 28 continued to extend eastward from Colonel Chandler Drive along Broadway to US 9W until its truncation to NY 32 in the early 1980s.[22][23] Washington Avenue, bypassed by the new freeway, is now designated as NY 981K, an unsigned reference route 0.41 miles (0.66 km) in length, from Hurley Avenue to NY 28.[1]

In the vicinity of Oneonta, NY 28 originally crossed the Susquehanna River by way of Main Street. The route followed Main Street through the city to Colliersville, where it turned north onto D.K. Lifgren Drive to rejoin its modern alignment. From downtown Oneonta to Colliersville, NY 28 overlapped NY 7. NY 28 was rerouted to follow its current alignment between Main Street south of Oneonta and D.K. Lifgren Drive near Colliersville in the early 1980s, following the completion of what is now NY 28 from I-88 exit 17 to D.K. Lifgren Drive.[24][25][26][27] The portion of Main Street between NY 28 and NY 7 (0.67 miles or 1.08 kilometres long) is now designated as NY 992D while D.K. Lifgren Drive (0.50 miles or 0.80 kilometres in length) is now NY 992G.[1]

In Herkimer, NY 28 originally continued on Mohawk Street past South Caroline Street. The route then turned north onto Prospect Street and continued across modern NY 5 to West German Street where it met NY 5. NY 28 then turned west and began to overlap NY 5. Two blocks later, NY 5 turned south onto North Washington Street, and NY 28 continued along German Street for .4 miles (0.64 km) before meeting its modern alignment.[28] By 1978, a new alignment of NY 5 was built through Herkimer, and NY 28 had been placed on its modern alignment.[29] Farther north at Kast Bridge, NY 28 crossed West Canada Creek via modern CR 7 (West End Road) then crossed the creek once again and met its modern alignment.[28] Between 1967 and 1978, the creek was straightened and NY 28 was realigned along the west bank, which eliminated the two crossings.[30][29]

Memorial designation

[edit]
Four signs are mounted on a pole. From top to bottom, they are: the word "east", a NY 28N shield, a yellow-on-brown sign with an outline of Theodore Roosevelt's face and the text "Roosevelt-Marcy Trail", and a reference marker for NY 28N.
NY 28N sign with Roosevelt-Marcy Trail sign

On June 14, 2004, Governor George E. Pataki announced that a 1-mile (1.6 km) portion of the highway in the Town of Hurley in Ulster County was to be designated as the "New York State Troopers T. Michael Kelly and Kenneth A. Poorman Memorial Highway". During May 2000, troopers Kelly and Poorman were killed on this stretch of NY 28, when their police cruiser was struck by a tractor-trailer.[31]

Major intersections

[edit]
CountyLocationmi[1]kmExitDestinationsNotes
UlsterCity of Kingston0.000.00 NY 32 (Broadway / Albany Avenue)

 I-587 begins		Roundabout; southern terminus; eastern terminus of I-587
Ulster1.211.95Northern end of freeway section

 I-87 Toll / New York Thruway / Washington Avenue (NY 981K south) – New York, Albany, Kingston

 I-587 ends		Roundabout; western terminus of I-587; exit 19 on I-87 / Thruway
1.822.93 US 209 – Ellenville, Rhinecliff BridgeCloverleaf interchange
Town of Kingston4.316.94
 NY 28A west		Eastern terminus of NY 28A
Hurley7.2211.62
 NY 375 north – Woodstock		Southern terminus of NY 375; hamlet of West Hurley
Olive13.3921.55Reservoir Road (NY 981L south) – OlivebridgeHamlet of Shokan
17.5528.24
 NY 28A east		Western terminus of NY 28A; hamlet of Boiceville
Shandaken20.0632.28
 NY 212 north		Southern terminus of NY 212; hamlet of Mount Tremper
23.9238.50
 NY 214 north – Phoenicia, Chichester		Southern terminus of NY 214; hamlet of Phoenicia
28.9546.59
 NY 42 north – Lexington		Southern terminus of NY 42; hamlet of Shandaken
DelawareMargaretville44.4071.45
 NY 30 north (Bridge Street) – Margaretville, Roxbury		Southern end of NY 30 concurrency
Middletown47.8877.06
 NY 30 south – Downsville		Northern end of NY 30 concurrency
Village of Delhi68.28109.89
 NY 10 south (Main Street) – Walton, SUNY-Delhi		Southern end of NY 10 concurrency
68.56110.34
 NY 10 north (Main Street) – Stamford		Northern end of NY 10 concurrency
Franklin83.61134.56
 NY 357 west		Eastern terminus of NY 357; roundabout; hamlet of North Franklin
OtsegoTown of Oneonta88.97143.18

 To I-88 west – Oneonta, Binghamton		Access via NY 992D
89.21143.57
 NY 23 east – Stamford		Southern end of NY 23 concurrency
City of Oneonta89.39143.86Southern end of freeway section
15

 I-88 west / NY 23 west – Binghamton, Oneonta		Northern end of NY 23 concurrency; southern end of I-88 concurrency
Town of Oneonta91.41147.1116 CR 47 – Emmons, Davenport Center
Town of Milford93.99151.2617
 I-88 east / Gersoni Road (NY 991T south) – Albany		Northern end of I-88 concurrency
Northern end of freeway section
95.75154.09
 To NY 7 – Colliersville		Access via NY 992G
Village of Milford103.47166.52
 NY 166 north (East Main Street) – Cherry Valley, Cooperstown-Westville Airport		Southern terminus of NY 166
Cooperstown111.99180.23
 NY 80 east (Chestnut Street)		Southern end of NY 80 concurrency
Otsego117.26188.71

 NY 80 west / NY 205 south – Hartwick		Northern end of NY 80 concurrency; northern terminus of NY 205
Richfield Springs126.36203.36
 US 20 east (Main Street) – Cherry Valley		Southern end of US 20 concurrency
Town of Richfield126.82204.10

 US 20 west / CR 25A south – West Winfield		Northern end of US 20 concurrency; northern terminus of CR 25A
HerkimerMohawk137.29220.95
 NY 168 east (Hammond Street) – Paines Hollow		Western terminus of NY 168
138.14222.31
 NY 5S west – Ilion		Southern end of NY 5S concurrency
138.59223.04
 NY 5S east / East Main Street – Fort Plain		Northern end of NY 5S concurrency
Village of Herkimer138.83223.43
 I-90 Toll / New York Thruway – Buffalo, Albany		Exit 30 on I-90 / Thruway
139.22224.05
 NY 5 west – Utica, HCCC		Southern end of NY 5 concurrency
139.71224.84South Washington Street (NY 922B south)Northern terminus of NY 922B
139.91225.16
 NY 5 east (State Street) – Little Falls		Northern end of NY 5 concurrency
Middleville148.04238.25

 NY 29 east / NY 169 south – Fairfield, Little Falls		Western terminus of NY 29; northern terminus of NY 169
Poland155.46250.19
 NY 8 north (Cold Brook Street) – Speculator		Southern end of NY 8 concurrency
OneidaDeerfield157.63253.68
 NY 8 south – Utica		Northern end of NY 8 concurrency
Trenton163.60263.29
 NY 12 south – Utica		Southern end of NY 12 concurrency; hamlet of Mapledale
163.89263.76Mappa Avenue (NY 921D north)Former NY 921; former routing of NY 12/NY 28; hamlet of Barneveld
165.31266.04 NY 365 – Barneveld, Prospect, Rome, HinckleyPartial cloverleaf interchange
Village of Remsen168.20270.69Steuben Street (NY 920V east) – RemsenFormer NY 28B
Town of Boonville175.03281.68
 NY 12 north – Boonville, Watertown		Northern end of NY 12 concurrency; interchange; hamlet of Alder Creek
HamiltonTown of Indian Lake237.07381.53

 NY 28N east / NY 30 north – Long Lake, Tupper Lake		Southern end of NY 30 concurrency; western terminus of NY 28N; hamlet of Blue Mountain Lake
248.27399.55
 NY 30 south – Sabael, Speculator		Northern end of NY 30 concurrency; hamlet of Indian Lake
WarrenJohnsburg265.23426.85
 NY 28N west – North Creek Business District, Minerva, Newcomb		Eastern terminus of NY 28N; hamlet of North Creek
270.98436.10 NY 8 – Speculator, ChestertownHamlet of Wevertown
Town of Warrensburg281.69453.34
 US 9 to I-87 – Warrensburg, Chestertown		Northern terminus
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Suffixed routes

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

New York State Route 28

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
New York State Route 28 (NY 28) is a major in New York that extends 282 miles (454 km) in a distinctive C-shaped path, beginning at an intersection with NY 32 in the city of Kingston and ending at a junction with U.S. Route 9 north of the village of Warrensburg. The route traverses seven counties—, , Otsego, Herkimer, Oneida, Hamilton, and Warren—connecting urban areas in the with rural landscapes in the and the . Along its course, NY 28 passes through key communities including , Margaretville, , Oneonta, Cooperstown, Herkimer, Remsen, Indian Lake, and North Creek, while overlapping with other routes such as NY 23, I-88, NY 8, and NY 30 at various points. Designated as a touring route since 1924, NY 28 plays a vital role in regional transportation, supporting tourism, recreation, and local economies through its passage near natural preserves, lakes, and forests. In the Catskills, the central segment from Kingston westward through towns like Shandaken and Fleischmanns forms the Route 28 Central Catskills Scenic Byway, a designated portion of New York's Scenic Byways Program that highlights over 700,000 acres of the Catskill Forest Preserve, historic hamlets, and opportunities for hiking, fishing, and skiing. This area emphasizes conservation and outdoor activities, with the route winding through wild forests and public lands managed by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Further north in the Adirondack Park, NY 28 emerges as one of the park's primary east-west corridors, offering the sole direct link for visitors to western attractions within the 6-million-acre preserve. It provides essential access to popular sites such as Enchanted Forest Water Safari in Old Forge, Raquette Lake cruises, the Great Camp Sagamore historic area, the Blue Mountain Lake historic boat livery and museum, extensive hiking trails, and numerous campgrounds. The highway also incorporates multi-use paths and bridges in sections like Raquette Lake, enhancing recreational connectivity while undergoing ongoing infrastructure improvements by the New York State Department of Transportation to maintain safety and accessibility.

Route description

Ulster County

New York State Route 28 begins at its southern terminus, an at-grade intersection with NY 32 in the city of Kingston, Ulster County, marking the start of its 281-mile journey northward to Warrensburg in Warren County. From this point, NY 28 proceeds westward and is co-designated with Interstate 587 for 1.3 miles along a short freeway known as Colonel Chandler Drive, featuring no intermediate exits before reaching a roundabout interchange with Interstate 87 (New York State Thruway). This segment provides direct access to the Thruway for travelers heading north toward Albany or south toward New York City. Exiting the freeway at the , NY 28 continues through Kingston's urban core along Church Street and then Broadway, passing historic districts, commercial areas, and residential neighborhoods before crossing the via a bridge. Beyond the creek, the route enters the town of , transitioning from urban to suburban settings with scattered farms and , and intersects U.S. Route 209 at a signalized junction that serves as a key connection to the and points south. (AADT) in this initial urban-to-suburban stretch averaged around 18,000 to 24,000 vehicles as of 2019, reflecting its role as a commuter corridor to the . West of US 209, NY 28 shifts to more rural landscapes in the towns of and , winding through wooded hills, farmlands, and forested areas while offering glimpses of the to the south, a major water supply for impounded by a dam completed in 1915. The route passes near Mount Marion before entering boundaries in Olive, where it becomes part of the Central Catskills Scenic Byway, emphasizing its passage through the park's eastern foothills with preserved natural scenery. It crosses the newly replaced Five Arches Bridge (opened July 2025) over near the western end of the Ashokan Reservoir. Intersections here include the northern terminus of NY 28A near Boiceville, providing access to the reservoir's southern shore. This approximately 20-mile rural portion saw AADT declining to 14,000–6,000 vehicles as of 2019, with truck percentages rising to 5–8% due to and traffic. Maintenance efforts in this segment include minor pavement resurfacing projects completed up to 2023, such as milling and overlay work from Waugkhonk Road to NY 375 in the towns of , Kingston, Hurley, and Woodstock, aimed at improving ride quality and extending surface life on this transitionary route. Further west in Shandaken, the road continues through denser forests and small hamlets like and Mount Tremper, but these areas lead into the next county's more mountainous terrain.

Delaware and Otsego counties

Upon entering Delaware County from Ulster County, NY 28 winds northward through the rugged terrain of , a vast encompassing over 700,000 acres of preserve. The route initially follows a mountainous path, briefly concurring with NY 30 for approximately 3.44 miles from the village of Margaretville to Dunraven, paralleling the East Branch of the and providing access to nearby landmarks such as the Pepacton Reservoir, New York City's largest reservoir with a capacity of 140.2 billion gallons. This segment featured low-traffic volumes, with average annual daily traffic (AADT) ranging from 1,897 to 5,468 vehicles as of the early 2010s, emphasizing its role as a scenic byway through dense woodlands and historic hamlets like Fleischmanns and Margaretville. Continuing northwest for about 49.8 miles through Delaware County, NY 28 descends into the rolling valleys of the watershed, passing rural communities such as , Bovina Center, and . In Roxbury, the route intersects NY 23 at a key junction serving local traffic and connecting to the broader east-west corridor. Further north, it overlaps briefly with NY 10 for 0.28 miles within Delhi village before proceeding through Meredith and Franklin, characterized by agricultural landscapes and AADT levels as low as 1,319 vehicles in remote sections as of the early 2010s. The road remains predominantly two-lane and undivided, offering drivers panoramic views of the Catskill foothills. Crossing into Otsego County for approximately 28.7 miles, NY 28 shifts eastward toward the Susquehanna Valley, entering the city of Oneonta where it overlaps NY 23 along the Main Street arterial before joining Interstate 88 (I-88) at Exit 15 for a 6.13-mile concurrency northeastward. Near Colliersville, it intersects NY 7, providing connectivity to the Mohawk Valley, with AADT around 12,400 vehicles at the overlap's end as of the 2010s. The route then parallels the Susquehanna River through hamlets like Emmons, Portlandville, and Milford, intersecting NY 166 before reaching Cooperstown. In Cooperstown village, NY 28 overlaps NY 80 for about 3.39 miles along Chestnut Street and Main Street, a section maintained in coordination with local authorities for pedestrian enhancements and drainage. This overlap grants direct access to cultural sites, including the National Baseball Hall of Fame on Main Street. Beyond Cooperstown, the route continues north through Schuyler Lake, briefly overlapping NY 20 near Richfield Springs, with scenic views of Otsego Lake and proximity to Glimmerglass State Park, a 593-acre area featuring hiking trails and lakefront recreation. Overall, this 78.5-mile stretch exemplifies NY 28's rural character, with consistently low AADT (3,158 to 16,257 vehicles as of the 2010s) supporting its designation as a low-traffic scenic corridor through mountainous and valley landscapes.

Herkimer and Oneida counties

NY 28 enters Herkimer County from the south near the village of Mohawk, where it crosses the via the POW/MIA Memorial Bridge, connecting the villages of Mohawk and Herkimer. In the village of Herkimer, the route joins a brief concurrency with NY 5 along Mohawk Street, passing through the historic district influenced by the nearby , before intersecting I-90 () at Exit 30. North of Herkimer, NY 28 curves westward through rural farmland and industrial areas of the , intersecting NY 29 and NY 169 in Middleville, where it crosses the West Canada Creek on a listed in the . The route continues to and Newport before entering Oneida County near , spanning approximately 20 miles of mixed urban-rural terrain with visible remnants of 19th-century canal engineering along the valley floor. In Oneida County, NY 28 overlaps with NY 8 northward from the county line near Deerfield, passing through Barneveld and Remsen as a two-lane highway amid forested hills marking the gateway to the at Reservoir. The overlap with NY 8 ends in Remsen, where NY 28 intersects NY 365 at an interchange providing access to Utica; from there, the route traverses about 25 miles of increasingly rural, wooded stretches through Trenton and Forestport, leading toward Prospect and the transition to deeper Adirondack wilderness. Overall, this 50-mile segment blends heritage with preparatory ascent into the Adirondacks, featuring average daily traffic volumes ranging from 3,700 to 17,800 vehicles based on counts.

Hamilton and Warren counties

NY 28 covers approximately 49 miles in Hamilton County and 21 miles in Warren County, traversing remote sections of the as a low-volume scenic designated as part of the Central Adirondack Trail byway. along this stretch typically ranged from 1,400 to 3,200 vehicles as of the , underscoring its character as a quiet backcountry road primarily used by locals and seasonal visitors. The route enters Hamilton County from the south near Old Forge and proceeds northward through forested wilderness, reaching Indian Lake where it joins in concurrency with NY 30 for about 11 miles to Blue Mountain Lake. This overlapping segment winds past lakes and provides direct access to the Adirondack Experience, a dedicated to Adirondack and culture, situated at Blue Mountain Lake along NY 28 and NY 30. From Blue Mountain Lake, NY 28 veers eastward, continuing through dense Adirondack woodlands toward the Warren County line over another 12 miles. In Warren County, NY 28 intersects NY 8 at Wevertown, adjacent to the hamlet of Bakers Mills, before passing through the Siamese Ponds Wilderness with glimpses of remote lakes like Lake Abanakee. The highway then follows a final 10-mile stretch southeastward, culminating at its northern terminus with US 9 in the village of Warrensburg, located along the Schroon River.

History

Origins in turnpikes

The Ulster and Delaware Turnpike was chartered by the New York State Legislature on April 2, 1802, under Chapter 98 of the session laws, to establish a toll road improving access through the Catskill Mountains and facilitating trade between the Hudson River valley and interior regions. This 110-mile route originated in Kingston, crossing the Esopus Creek via the Red Bridge and winding westward along stagecoach paths through rugged terrain to connect Catskill villages such as Shandaken and Highmount, before extending to Bainbridge near the Susquehanna River. The turnpike's path largely followed what would later become segments of New York State Route 28, providing the first major developed corridor into central New York from the east. Over the early 19th century, the route evolved with the addition of branches, including spurs to via modern NY-10 and to Walton via NY-206, enhancing connectivity for settlers and commerce in Delaware County. Construction progressed in phases, with the main line opening to traffic by 1804, though full completion of key sections, such as those navigating the steep grades of the Catskills, extended into the 1810s. Toll gates were erected at intervals, though evasion and maintenance costs often strained the company's finances. Economically, the turnpike played a vital role in transporting from Catskill forests and agricultural goods like and from inland farms to Kingston for shipment down the Hudson to , boosting regional development amid the post-Revolutionary expansion. It supported the iron industry in areas like as well, hauling ore and finished products, though profitability waned as railroads emerged in the mid-19th century. By the early , the advent of automobiles rendered toll collection obsolete, leading to the turnpike's dissolution and conversion into free public roads under state oversight.

Establishment and extensions

New York State Route 28 traces its origins to the unsigned legislative routes established by the New York State Legislature through the Highway Law of 1908, which created a statewide system of state highways under the newly formed Department of Highways to improve connectivity and integrate local roads into a cohesive network. Legislative Route 4, one of these early designations, encompassed a broad corridor across central New York, including segments that would later form the core of NY 28, such as paths connecting the Mohawk Valley to the Catskills and Adirondacks; this route built upon 19th-century turnpike infrastructure by incorporating and upgrading former private toll roads for public use. The 1908 law authorized the state to acquire, construct, and maintain these highways, marking a shift from local to centralized planning under the New York State Highway Department, which oversaw mapping and funding to support growing automobile traffic in the 1920s. In 1924, as part of the state's first posted route numbering system, the New York State Highway Department formally designated NY 28 along a 110-mile portion of Legislative Route 4, extending from Colliersville (near Oneonta) northward to Utica via Springfield and Richfield Springs. This even-numbered route followed the convention for north-south alignments, with signage featuring yellow bands and black numerals placed along poles to guide motorists, reflecting the department's emphasis on standardization and safety amid the era's highway expansion. The designation integrated existing county and town roads into the state system, enhancing access to rural areas while aligning with broader 1920s planning goals to link urban centers like Utica with agricultural and resort regions. The route underwent significant expansion during the 1930 renumbering of state highways, when NY 28 was extended southward approximately 60 miles from Colliersville to Kingston along former Routes 64 and 19 through Margaretville and the , and northward about 110 miles from Utica to Warrensburg via Herkimer, Old Forge, and North Creek. These additions, completed under the Highway Department's oversight, brought the total length to 281 miles, creating a sweeping C-shaped corridor that connected the to the Adirondacks and incorporated additional segments of Legislative Route 4 along with upgraded local highways. The extensions were driven by legislative amendments to the Highway Law, which facilitated state bonding for construction and aimed to boost and in during the era.

Realignments

In the 1960s, New York State Route 28 in Kingston underwent a significant realignment to incorporate the newly constructed Interstate 587 (I-587), an expressway spur connecting the route directly to the (Interstate 87). Completed and opened to traffic on July 25, 1960, I-587 provided a more efficient link from NY 28 and NY 32 to the Thruway's Exit 19, replacing the previous at-grade intersection and improving access for through traffic in the . This change shifted NY 28 onto the freeway segment known as Colonel Chandler Drive, enhancing connectivity while bypassing older urban alignments in the city. Further adjustments occurred in the 1970s as Interstate 88 (I-88) was developed parallel to former NY 7. In Oneonta, NY 28 was realigned to overlap with the new I-88 freeway eastward from the city, beginning with the opening of initial sections in the early 1970s and fully implemented by the late 1980s as construction progressed. This overlap, spanning approximately 10 miles to Exit 17, streamlined and integrated NY 28 into the interstate system, reducing congestion on local roads. In Herkimer, a mid-1960s reconstruction rebuilt and realigned NY 28 northward out of the village, involving grade separations and right-of-way adjustments to accommodate growing traffic volumes along the corridor. Similarly, in Oneida County near Remsen, the route was straightened in the early 1950s as part of a joint bypass project with NY 12, shifting the shared alignment westward to avoid the village center and improve geometric standards for safer travel. During the 1990s and 2000s, NY 28 saw several structural reconstructions focused on bridge replacements to address aging infrastructure and flood vulnerabilities. Notable projects included the replacement of the Route 28 bridge over the and in Herkimer County, completed as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation effort to enhance load capacity and seismic resilience. Over the in Ulster County, bridges at locations such as Mount Tremper and Big Indian were rebuilt, with the Mount Tremper span—a 336-foot structure—replaced by a wider, 800-foot bridge finished in 2021 but planned and funded in the prior decade to mitigate scour and improve hydraulic flow. These upgrades maintained the route's alignment while prioritizing durability in flood-prone areas. According to New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) records and capital program documentation through 2025, NY 28 has experienced no major realignments or path changes since , with maintenance limited to pavement preservation, minor safety enhancements, and localized bridge repairs.

Special designations

Several segments of have received special designations through legislative action under the New York Highway Law, honoring individuals, veterans, or highlighting scenic value, which serve to commemorate service and promote cultural awareness along the route. In Ulster County, the portion of NY 28 from the junction with NY 375 to Maverick Road has been designated the "Troopers T. Michael Kelly and Kenneth A. Poorman Memorial Highway" since 2004, commemorating two troopers killed in the on that stretch in May 2000 when their patrol vehicle was struck by a tractor-trailer during a pursuit. This designation was enacted via state legislation (Chapter 78 of the Laws of 2004) to recognize their sacrifice and raise awareness of risks, with signs installed by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) to symbolize ongoing tribute to public safety personnel. More recently, in August 2024, a 2.5-mile segment of NY 28 in the Town of , from the Bridge to the junction with US 209, was designated the "Ulster County Korean War Veterans Memorial Highway" through Senate Bill S.4074 and Assembly Bill A.1665, signed by Governor . This honors local veterans' contributions, with the legislative process involving sponsorship by Senator and former Assemblymember Kevin Cahill, emphasizing the route's role in connecting communities and preserving military history; symbolic impacts include increased veteran recognition and educational opportunities for travelers. The 52-mile Catskill Mountains Scenic Byway primarily follows NY 28 through the Catskills, passing through communities such as Phoenicia and Margaretville, and was designated under the National Scenic Byways Program in 2005 and managed by NYSDOT to showcase forested landscapes, waterways, and cultural sites. In the Adirondacks, the Central Adirondack Trail Scenic Byway spans about 150 miles from Glens Falls to Rome, incorporating NY 28 from Warrensburg through Indian Lake to near Old Forge (Eagle Bay), and was designated as part of New York's Scenic Byways Program to highlight natural beauty and recreational access, fostering tourism while symbolizing environmental stewardship. These scenic designations, proposed through community and state advocacy, enhance NY 28's identity as a corridor for heritage tourism without altering its physical alignment.

Connections

Major intersections

New York State Route 28 features several significant junctions with interstate highways, U.S. routes, and other state routes that facilitate regional connectivity across eastern New York, particularly linking the Hudson Valley to the Catskills, Central New York, and the Adirondacks. These intersections serve as critical access points for travelers heading to Albany, Syracuse, and recreational areas in the Adirondack Park. Traffic volumes along NY 28 vary by location, with higher annual average daily traffic (AADT) near urban areas and interstates, decreasing in rural sections; data from the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) indicate AADTs ranging from over 29,000 vehicles near Kingston to under 3,000 in remote stretches, as of 2019 counts with similar trends persisting through 2023 per NYSDOT's Traffic Data Viewer. The following table summarizes the major intersections, organized by county segments along the route, including approximate mileposts (measured from the southern terminus in Kingston), intersecting routes, junction type, directional notes for northbound travel, and key details such as AADT and regional significance.
County SegmentMilepostIntersecting RouteJunction TypeDirections/NotesAADT (as of 2019, NYSDOT unless noted)Significance
1.8I-87 (Exit 19, New York Thruway) with North to Albany; south to via I-8729,212 (2017)Provides direct access from NY 28 to the Thruway, serving as a gateway for traffic to and beyond; co-designated with I-587 south of here.
4.3US 209Cloverleaf interchangeNorth to Ellenville; south to Kingston24,650 (2011)Connects NY 28 to the Shawangunk Mountains and Pennsylvania border, facilitating freight and tourist movement in the Catskills region.
Delaware44.5–51.5NY 30 (concurrency)At-grade overlapNorth to Downsville; south to Margaretville (joins at southern end of overlap)4,705 (start, estimated pre-overlap); 1,861 (overlap)Enables shared routing along the East Branch Delaware River, supporting access to trails and fishing areas; low volume reflects scenic, low-speed rural travel.
Otsego79.0–82.0I-88 (Exit 17)Diamond interchanges with overlapWest to Binghamton; east to Albany via I-8814,829 (start); 17,358 (end)Links NY 28 to the I-88 corridor, a vital for Albany-Syracuse travel and commerce, with ramps providing efficient entry/exit for Oneonta-area traffic.
Herkimer/Oneida135.0–155.0NY 8 (overlap)At-grade overlapNorth to and Adirondacks; south to Utica5,102 (end of overlap)Overlaps NY 8 through Mohawk and Newport, connecting to the and industrial areas; supports northbound flow to Herkimer County sites.
Hamilton220.0–240.0NY 30 (concurrency)At-grade overlapNorth to Long Lake; south to Speculator~2,000 (estimated from regional data)Provides key access through the to remote lakes and forests, enhancing connectivity for and recreation.
Hamilton/Warren281.7 (northern terminus)US 9At-grade intersectionNorth to Lake George; south to Glens Falls2,650Serves as the endpoint in Warrensburg, linking to the Adirondack Northway (I-87) via US 9 and providing access to Lake George recreational destinations.
New York State Route 28 is supplemented by several suffixed routes that provide alternate alignments, local connections, and access to specific areas along its path through the Catskills and Adirondacks. These routes, designated by the (NYSDOT), enhance connectivity in rural and scenic regions by offering parallel or branching paths to the mainline NY 28. NY 28A serves as an east–west alternate route to NY 28 in Ulster County, paralleling the main route along the southern shore of the and providing a scenic riverside path through the Catskills from Boiceville to Stony Hollow. It begins at an intersection with NY 28 in the hamlet of Boiceville and follows a winding alignment northward, crossing NY 213 midway before rejoining NY 28 near Stony Hollow; the full length spans approximately 19.82 miles, divided into segments of 8.67 miles from Boiceville to NY 213 and 11.15 miles from NY 213 to Stony Hollow. This route supplements NY 28 by offering direct access to reservoir-adjacent communities and recreational areas while avoiding some of the steeper grades on the primary highway. NY 28B was a short connector route in Oneida County, linking NY 365 (formerly NY 287) in the village of Prospect to NY 12 and NY 28 in the village of Remsen, primarily for local access in the region. Established as part of the system, it was decommissioned and redesignated as the unsigned reference route NY 920V (Old Road 28B), reflecting changes in regional connectivity as nearby routes like NY 365 were realigned. Although brief in length and focused on village-to-village linkage, its removal integrated the path into local maintenance without altering the broader NY 28 corridor. NY 28N functions as a northerly branch route through the , connecting NY 28 and NY 30 at Blue Mountain Lake in Hamilton County eastward to NY 28 in North Creek in Warren County, traversing Hamilton, , and Warren counties along a 50.85-mile alignment that includes the hamlets of Long Lake and Newcomb. This route supplements the main NY 28 by providing an alternate path north of Indian Lake, facilitating access to remote Adirondack communities and integrating with the Roosevelt-Marcy Memorial Highway designation for historic and scenic travel. It overlaps briefly with NY 30 near Long Lake before diverging eastward through forested terrain. Former NY 28C was a short or alternate alignment in Hamilton County near Indian Lake, now reflected in local designations like Old State Route 28C, which provided supplementary access to areas off the main NY 28 before being decommissioned as part of route simplifications in the Adirondack region. Its removal consolidated traffic onto NY 28 and NY overlaps, such as the concurrency with NY north of Margaretville in Delaware County, where the routes share an alignment through the Catskills to connect Margaretville and Roxbury. These overlaps and former suffixes illustrate how NY 28's network has evolved to prioritize efficient mainline travel while preserving local connections via reference routes on maps.

Significance

Tourism and recreation

New York State Route 28 serves as a vital corridor for tourism in the Catskill and Adirondack regions, providing direct access to premier hiking opportunities within Catskill Park and the Adirondack Park. In the Catskills, the route facilitates entry to trails leading to iconic sites such as Kaaterskill Falls, a 260-foot two-tiered waterfall accessible via nearby paths off NY 28, drawing hikers for its dramatic scenery and historical significance as one of New York's highest cascades. Further north, NY 28 passes through Blue Mountain Lake, offering trailheads for ascents like the Blue Mountain hike, a moderate 4.2-mile round-trip path rewarding visitors with panoramic views of the Adirondack wilderness. These natural gateways attract outdoor enthusiasts year-round, enhancing the route's appeal as a scenic byway through protected lands. Cultural attractions along NY 28 bolster its recreational draw, with standout sites like the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, where the route runs directly through the village, enabling easy access to exhibits chronicling baseball's history and annual induction ceremonies that draw global fans. These landmarks, combined with local festivals and museums, position NY 28 as a pathway to New York's rich heritage. Seasonal activities amplify NY 28's tourism profile, particularly fall foliage drives through the Catskills' vibrant autumn colors along the 52-mile Catskill Mountains Scenic Byway, which follows the route and attracts leaf-peepers for its rolling hills and river views. In winter, the corridor supports snowmobiling in the Adirondacks, with groomed trails intersecting NY 28 near Indian Lake and connecting to approximately 1,800 miles of regional paths managed by local clubs. Tourism along NY 28 contributes significantly to regional economies; in 2023, visitor spending in the Catskills reached $2.454 billion, supporting 17,995 jobs, while the Adirondacks saw $2.314 billion in spending and 19,844 jobs, with continued growth reported in 2024 statewide figures. Accommodations along the route cater to travelers, with options like the Margaretville Motel in the Catskills offering simple rooms near hiking trails and the East Branch , and the Point Breeze Motel and Cottages in Indian Lake providing lakeside stays close to Adirondack trailheads. These lodgings, alongside campgrounds and inns, support extended visits for recreation and exploration.

Environmental and scenic aspects

New York State Route 28 traverses significant portions of two major protected areas in New York, including over 150 miles within the Catskill and Adirondack Parks' forest preserves. In the Catskill Park, the route passes through approximately 52 miles of the central Catskills' wild forest lands, designated as part of the state's Forest Preserve under Article 14 of the New York State Constitution, which mandates their perpetual protection from development. Further north, NY 28 extends through about 100 miles of the Adirondack Park's 2.7 million acres of state-owned forest preserve, providing a key east-west corridor through this constitutionally protected wilderness area established in 1892. These segments highlight the route's role in connecting vast ecosystems while adhering to "forever wild" principles that limit logging, mining, and other alterations to preserve ecological integrity. Segments of NY 28 hold national scenic byway designations, enhancing its status as a protected scenic corridor. The Central Adirondack Trail, incorporating much of NY 28 from Warrensburg to Inlet, spans 153 miles and was certified as a National Scenic Byway by the Federal Highway Administration in 2009 for its outstanding natural beauty, including forested mountains and glacial lakes. In the Hudson Valley region, the 52-mile Catskill Mountains Scenic Byway along NY 28 from Phoenicia to Margaretville earned New York State Scenic Byway status in 2001, recognized for its dramatic Catskill scenery and contributions to biodiversity hotspots. These certifications promote conservation by integrating the route into broader efforts to safeguard viewsheds and habitats, such as the reservoir ecosystems along the Ashokan Reservoir, where NY 28 parallels the water body supporting diverse aquatic and riparian species, including amphibians and migratory birds within the New York City watershed. Environmental challenges along NY 28 have prompted targeted mitigation efforts, particularly following Hurricane Irene in 2011, which caused widespread flooding in the Catskills and damaged infrastructure. Post-storm projects by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) included bridge reconstructions and culvert upgrades along NY 28 in Ulster and Delaware Counties to enhance flood resilience, such as the repair of stream crossings to reduce erosion and maintain connectivity for wildlife corridors. These initiatives incorporated erosion control measures compliant with the New York State Standards and Specifications for Erosion and Sediment Control, using bioengineering techniques like riprap and vegetation stabilization to protect adjacent forest preserve lands. In the 2020s, NYSDOT has advanced green infrastructure upgrades, including stormwater management features like permeable pavements and rain gardens in resurfacing projects along NY 28, aimed at reducing runoff into sensitive Adirondack waterways and supporting ecosystem health amid increasing precipitation events.

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  59. https://dec.ny.gov/nature/forests-trees/forest-preserve
  60. https://visitadirondacks.com/about/adirondack-park
  61. https://fhwaapps.fhwa.dot.gov/bywaysp/byway/2224
  62. https://ashokanstreams.org/exploring-the-watershed/
  63. https://hvmag.com/archive/hurricane-irene-2011-damage-destruction-rebuilding-and-before-and-after-photos/
  64. https://extapps.dec.ny.gov/fs/docs/pdf/erosionsediment_bluebook.pdf
  65. https://www.dot.ny.gov/divisions/engineering/environmental-analysis/water-ecology/stormwater-management
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