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Patiya Upazila
Patiya Upazila
Patiya Upazila
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Patiya (Bengali: পটিয়া) is an upazila of Chattogram District in Chattogram Division, Bangladesh.

Key Information

History

[edit]

During the British rule, a police station(thana) was established in Patiya in 1845. It was upgraded to an upazila in 1984. The region saw revolutionary activities in the 1930s, when revolutionaries from Jugantar and the fugitives of the Chittagong armoury raid fought with British police. During the Bangladesh Liberation War, the area sustained heavy bombings from Pakistan Air Force.[4] The Pakistani occupation army massacred more than 300 Hindus in Muzaffarabad village on 3 May 1971 in collaboration with the Razakars.

Geography

[edit]

Patiya is located at 22°18′00″N 91°59′00″E / 22.3000°N 91.9833°E / 22.3000; 91.9833. It has 71,624 households and a total area of 316.47 km2 (122.19 sq mi).

The township of Patiya has an area of 9.96 km2 (3.85 sq mi).

"Budbudir Chora" is one of them having enormous green forest and wild life. Every year local tourists go there for its green forest, small canals and animals like deer, birds and butterflies.

Demographics

[edit]

According to the 2022 Bangladeshi census, Patiya Upazila had 87,401 households and a population of 397,679. 8.77% of the population were under 5 years of age. Patiya had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 81.10%: 83.35% for males and 78.88% for females, and a sex ratio of 99.33 males for every 100 females. 107,447 (27.02%) lived in urban areas.[5]

Religions in Patiya Upazila (2022)[5]
Religion Percent
Islam
 
 80.25%
Hinduism
 
 17.99%
Buddhism
 
 1.74%
Other or not stated
 
 0.02%
Population by religion in Union/Paurashava
Union/Paurashava Muslim Hindu Others
Patiya Paurashava 58,178 7,826 804
Ashia Union 13,024 518 284
Baralia Union 13,680 1,880 1011
Bhatikhain Union 4,860 2,971 514
Chhanhara Union 11,301 3,188 180
Dakkhin Bhurshi Union 5,461 4,575 0
Dhalghat Union 8,149 9,065 848
Habilas Dwip Union 15,659 4,246 775
Haidgaon Union 20,258 4834 1
Jangalkhain Union 12,461 835 777
Jiri Union 37,149 3,236 10
Kachuai Union 18,304 6,616 2
Kashiaish Union 7,778 2,614 620
Kelishahar Union 7,503 7,760 306
Kharana Union 12,802 4,094 5
Kolagaon Union 24,601 3,931 577
Kusumpura Union 33,624 436 43
Shobhandandi Union 14,338 2,903 269

🟩 Muslim majority 🟧 Hindu majority

As of the 2011 Census of Bangladesh, Patiya upazila had 71,624 households and a population of 366,010. 52,611 (14.37%) were under 7 years of age. Patiya had an average literacy rate of 56.17%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 1006 females per 1000 males. 55,323 (15.12%) of the population lived in urban areas.[6][7]

According to the 1991 Bangladesh census, Patiya had a population of 398,836. Males constituted 52.1% of the population, and females 47.9%. The population aged 18 or over was 197,399. Patiya had an average literacy rate of 44.3% (7+ years), against the national average of 32.4%.[8]

Administration

[edit]

Patiya Upazila is divided into Patiya Municipality and 22 union parishads: Asia, Bara Uthan, Baralia, Bhatikhain, Chanhara, Char Lakshya, Char Patharghata, Dakshin Bhurshi, Dhalghat, Habilasdwip, Haidgaon, Janglukhain, Jiri, Juldha, Kachuai, Kasiais, Kelishahar, Kharana, Kolagaon, Kusumpura, Sikalbaha, and Sobhandandi. The union parishads are subdivided into 113 mauzas and 208 villages.[9]

Patiya Municipality is subdivided into 9 wards and 13 mahallas.[9]

Chairman: Vacant

Vice Chairman: Vacant

Woman Vice Chairman: Vacant

Upazila Nirbahi Officer (UNO): Abdullah Al Mamun

Patiya Municipal Mayor: Vacant

Education

[edit]
See also: Education in Bangladesh

According to Banglapedia, Abdur Rahman Government Girls' High School, founded in 1957, Abdus Sobhan Rahat Ali High School (1914), Chakrashala Krishi High School (1857), Muzaffarabad N. J. High School (1929), S A Noor High School (1966), Union Krishi High School (1978), Jangal Khain High School (1946) and Patiya Model High School (1845) are notable secondary schools.[4]

The madrasa education system includes a notable kamil madrasa, Shahchand Auliya Kamil Madrasa, founded in 1928.[4]

Notable qawmi madrasas include Al-Jameatul Arabiatul Islamia Ziri and Al Jamia Al Islamia Patiya.

Notable residents

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Patiya Upazila

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from Grokipedia
Patiya Upazila is an administrative within in the Chattogram Division of southeastern . Covering an area of 311 square kilometers, it features a mix of coastal plains and riverine landscapes influenced by the nearby Karnafuli River. The upazila's was recorded at 426,797 in recent estimates, with a density supporting agricultural and commercial activities as primary economic drivers. constitutes about 25% of income sources, focusing on crops such as paddy, , and ginger, while commerce accounts for nearly 19%, supplemented by a notable religious service sector linked to educational institutions. Patiya gained prominence as a thana in 1950 and was elevated to upazila status in 1983, with historical significance including revolutionary activities against British rule in and participation in the 1971 Liberation War. A defining characteristic is the presence of Al-Jamiah Al-Islamiah Patiya, a major in Ziri Union that attracts thousands for its annual international Islamic , underscoring the area's role in religious scholarship. Archaeological relics, such as the Musa Khan Mosque built in 1658, highlight its amid ongoing development in infrastructure and local governance.

Pre-Colonial and Colonial Eras

The region of present-day Patiya Upazila exhibits traces of pre-colonial Buddhist heritage, with villages such as Unainpūrā serving as longstanding centers of Buddhist communities that persisted from ancient eastern settlements into later periods. Similarly, the Kartala area maintains Buddhist sites, underscoring the area's integration into 's broader network of early monastic and trade-linked communities along riverine routes like the . Prior to widespread Islamic influence, Patiya hosted significant Magh (Arakanese Buddhist) settlements, reflecting the dominance of Arakanese control over Chittagong's coastal hinterlands, which facilitated maritime trade but also intermittent conflicts. The Mughal conquest of on January 26, 1666, marked a pivotal administrative shift, as imperial forces under Shaysta Khan overcame Arakanese-Portuguese alliances and extended control westward to areas like Patiya, integrating it into the Subah's system for revenue extraction and agrarian management. This incorporation emphasized Patiya's role in supporting port's through cultivation and riverine , with early Islamic structures such as the Musa Khan Mosque (circa 1658) evidencing transitional local patronage amid shifting overlords. Mughal imposed centralized tax collection via zamindars, fostering agricultural expansion in the previously underdeveloped hinterlands while prioritizing coastal security against piracy. British colonial administration, commencing effectively after 1765 control over revenues, subsumed Patiya within district's framework, enforcing the of 1793 to fix land revenues and empower zamindars, which restructured local agrarian tenures for imperial extraction but often exacerbated peasant indebtedness. Infrastructure initiatives, including rudimentary roads and river embankments, aimed to enhance connectivity to port, though Patiya's primary function remained as a rural appendage for rice and betel leaf production amid recurring floods. These changes prioritized fiscal efficiency over local stability, contributing to demographic shifts via settler influxes while preserving pockets of pre-existing Buddhist enclaves.

Independence and Post-1947 Developments

Patiya thana was formed in 1950 as part of the administrative structure of following the 1947 partition of British India, which integrated the area into the newly created Dominion of Pakistan's eastern wing. This period saw limited documented local upheavals specific to Patiya, with governance focused on maintaining colonial-era police and revenue systems amid broader East Pakistani economic disparities and political tensions. During the 1971 , Patiya endured heavy aerial bombings by the targeting infrastructure and population centers. Pakistani forces conducted the Muzaffarabad massacre on 3 May 1971, killing at least 300 Hindus in the village of the same name. Local freedom fighters clashed with Pakistani troops at Dhalghat, resulting in the deaths of 20 to 25 Pakistani soldiers. These events reflected the area's exposure to both occupation violence and resistance, though specific refugee outflows or organized local collaboration beyond aiding massacres remain sparsely documented in available records. Post-independence, Patiya thana was elevated to upazila status in 1983, aligning with the national Upazila Parishad system introduced under President H.M. Ershad's regime to ostensibly decentralize administration by empowering sub-district units with elected councils and budgets. In practice, this reform centralized oversight through government-nominated chairs, limiting genuine local autonomy while facilitating targeted development funds for rural areas like Patiya. The change formalized Patiya's role in Bangladesh's tiered governance, comprising one municipality, 11 unions, and over 100 villages by the late 1980s.

Geography and Environment

Location and Topography

Patiya Upazila is situated in Chattogram District within Chattogram Division, southeastern Bangladesh, approximately 35 kilometers from Chattogram city center along the western bank of the Karnaphuli River. It borders Boalkhali Upazila and the Karnaphuli River to the north and west, Anowara and Chandanaish Upazilas to the south, and Rangunia and Chandanaish Upazilas to the east, placing it in proximity to the Bay of Bengal coastline. The topography features flat deltaic plains characteristic of the region, with average elevations around 7 meters above . Predominant soil types include Valley and , supporting agricultural activities, while land classification shows about 28% high land and the rest medium-high to low-lying areas. Administrative subdivisions include multiple union parishads such as Kolagaon, Habilasdweep, Kusumpura, , Ashia, Jangolkhain, and Kashiash, each encompassing mauzas and villages distributed across the low-elevation terrain.

Climate and Hydrology

Patiya Upazila features a , marked by consistently warm temperatures, , and pronounced seasonal rainfall variations driven by the . Average annual temperatures range from a low of 14°C during the coolest months to highs of 33°C in the pre-monsoon period, with extremes rarely falling below 13°C or exceeding 35°C based on historical observations from nearby stations. The dominates from to , accounting for the bulk of annual , which totals approximately 2,700 mm on average. Monthly rainfall peaks in at 434 mm, followed by (348 mm), (335 mm), and (208 mm), reflecting the intensity of inflows. remains oppressively high year-round, with muggy conditions (over 80% relative humidity) persisting for about 9.4 months from late February to early December, peaking at near 100% during the rainy season. Hydrologically, the upazila is shaped by proximity to the Karnafuli River and its tributaries, including local channels like the Shrimai, which facilitate seasonal silt deposition beneficial for in agricultural lowlands. The Sangu River's extends into Patiya, influencing flows and supporting during dry periods. relies on both from these rivers and extraction via tube wells, with the latter comprising a growing share of needs amid variable river regimes, though specific depletion rates remain undocumented in regional surveys.

Natural Hazards

Patiya Upazila, situated in the coastal adjacent to the and traversed by rivers such as the Sangu and Chandkhali, faces recurrent flooding primarily driven by overflows, tidal influences, and upstream , exacerbating inundation in low-lying areas covering approximately 60% of its terrain. Severe floods accompanied by cyclones struck in 1991 and 2007, affecting nearly all unions with 12 experiencing the most intense damage, including widespread crop submergence and infrastructure disruption. In August 2023, flash floods damaged 1,262 hectares of paddy fields due to breaches in existing embankments and heavy localized rainfall, highlighting vulnerabilities despite prior interventions. Cyclonic storms from the pose another principal threat, with historical events like the 1991 cyclone generating storm surges that compounded fluvial flooding and eroded riverbanks, displacing communities in exposed unions such as those along the Sangu River. Riverbank and further amplify risks, annually claiming agricultural land and homesteads through tidal action and sediment shifts, with the upazila's 45 km of vulnerable shoreline contributing to progressive habitat loss. While comprehensive frequency data specific to Patiya remains limited, regional patterns indicate cyclones striking the Chattogram coast every 3-5 years on average, often triggering secondary floods that maroon populations in haors and char lands. Mitigation efforts center on the Bangladesh Water Development Board's Flood Control, Drainage, and Irrigation (FCDI) project initiated in August 2021, budgeted at Tk 1,158 crore to protect 10,000 hectares via 30.2 km of re-excavated canals, embankments along the Chandkhali and Sangu rivers, and regulators, yet as of February 2025, overall progress stood at 65%, with flood wall construction at 75% completion, indicating delays that permitted 2023 inundations. Embankment breaches persist due to incomplete reinforcement and maintenance gaps, as evidenced by the 2023 paddy losses despite the project's partial implementation, underscoring causal factors like substandard construction quality and insufficient upstream watershed management over infrastructural fixes alone. Government responses have involved post-event relief, but project timelines extending to December 2025 reveal efficacy challenges in preempting geography-driven recurrences.

Demographics

The population of Patiya Upazila, as recorded in the 1991 conducted by the (BBS), stood at 398,836. By the 2011 , this had declined to 366,010 individuals across 71,624 households, reflecting an overall decadal decrease of approximately 8.2% despite national population growth trends during the period. The 2022 reported a rebound to 397,679 residents in 86,589 households, indicating modest recovery post-2011 amid administrative boundary adjustments, including the 2016 carving out of Upazila from parts of Patiya, which reduced its territorial extent and apportioned some prior population.
Census YearPopulationHouseholdsApproximate Decadal Change
1991398,836Not specified-
2011366,01071,624-8.2%
2022397,67986,589+8.7%
Population density in 2011 was approximately 1,068 persons per square kilometer, based on an area of roughly 317 square kilometers, with rural areas dominating at over 84% of the total. remained low at 15.12% (55,323 urban residents), concentrated in the Patiya municipality. By 2022, the urban share had risen to around 27%, driven by incremental development in peri-urban zones, though precise density figures post-boundary changes were not detailed in summaries. The shifted from a slight male surplus in 1991 (males at 52.1%) to near parity in 2011 (1,006 females per 1,000 males) and 2022 (99.3 males per 100 females), potentially reflecting differential out-migration of working-age males or improved female survival rates. In 2011, children under age 7 comprised 14.37% of the population, underscoring a youthful demographic structure typical of rural . The observed population dip from 1991 to 2011 aligns with net out-migration exceeding natural increase, primarily to adjacent city for industrial and port-related employment opportunities, as limited local non-agricultural jobs constrained retention in this coastal-rural . Empirical factors such as recurrent flooding and cyclones, which displace residents temporarily from low-lying areas, further incentivize permanent relocation to urban centers with better infrastructure resilience. Inflows remain minimal, with 2022 data noting -level patterns of return migration (1,368 returned individuals) and foreign remittances supporting some households, though specific -level internal inflows were not quantified. Post-2011 stabilization and slight uptick by 2022 likely stem from stabilized migration balances and boundary effects, without evidence of accelerated overriding rural outflows.

Social Composition

The population of Patiya Upazila is predominantly Bengali, reflecting the broader ethnic homogeneity of coastal Chattogram Division, with ethnic minorities comprising a negligible fraction. The 2022 Population and Housing Census enumerated just 206 individuals from indigenous groups, including 5 , 49 Chakma, 40 Marma, and 112 from other tribes. Religiously, Muslims form the clear majority, accounting for 80.25% of residents, followed by Hindus at 17.99%, Buddhists at 1.74%, and others (including Christians and unspecified) at 0.02%, as per the same census. This distribution underscores a Muslim-Bengali core with Hindu and Buddhist minorities concentrated in rural pockets, consistent with zonal patterns devoid of significant interfaith conflict in recent enumerations. Literacy among those aged 7 and above stands at 81.10% overall, with males at 83.35% and females at 78.88%, indicating modest disparities amid rising access to . Average household size averages 4.48 persons, with a rural-urban split favoring rural areas at approximately 65.64% of the populace.

Economy

Agricultural Base

Paddy serves as the dominant crop in Patiya Upazila, forming the backbone of local agricultural output, alongside , potatoes, ginger, and leaf. In August 2023, flooding from continuous rainfall, onrushing hill torrents, and swollen rivers inflicted total losses on 1,262 hectares of paddy fields, seedbeds, and summer vegetable plots, underscoring the sector's acute exposure to hydrological disruptions. spans over 36,900 acres (approximately 14,935 hectares), supporting cycles that leverage the area's alluvial soils and patterns, though fallow periods and single-crop reliance persist in marginal zones. Livestock production, encompassing and , augments farm incomes through , , and outputs, with small-scale operations integral to household economies amid limited . Fisheries, particularly pond-based of carps and prawns, yield an average of 4,964 kg per annually, contributing to protein supply and export-oriented value chains like hilsa, which bolsters regional GDP despite pressures in coastal waters. These subsectors collectively drive rural employment, yet production remains constrained by flood-prone , with initiatives like the Water Development Board project targeting 10,000 additional hectares via embankments and drainage to mitigate recurrent submersion and elevate baseline yields. Cash crops such as occupy niche hilly terrains, covering about 830 hectares shared with adjacent upazilas, yielding seasonal harvests sold at Tk 6-8 per kg as of August 2025, though market volatility and pest vulnerabilities limit scalability. Overall, the agricultural base exhibits causal ties to erratic and tidal influences, prioritizing resilient varietals over unsubstantiated claims, with empirical losses revealing gaps in flood-independent intensification.

Infrastructure and Development Projects

The is executing the Flood Control, Drainage and Project in Patiya Upazila, Chittagong District, with a total allocation of Tk 1,158.36 and a completion target of December 2025. Initiated in August 2021 after prior delays spanning over a decade, the project encompasses re-excavation of 30.2 km of canals, construction of 26 regulators, 25.52 km of embankments, and bank protection measures to mitigate flooding and enable across approximately 10,000 hectares of previously uncultivated land. As of February 2025, physical progress stood at 65%, reflecting steady advancement despite historical implementation challenges in similar BWDB initiatives. Road infrastructure enhancements include the Development of Patiya Upazila Road and Road Infrastructure Projects under the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), focusing on upgrading local connectivity to support economic activities. Complementing this, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)-supported Cox's Bazar Highway Improvement Project incorporates a bypass road in Patiya to alleviate bottlenecks along the key arterial route linking Chittagong to southeastern districts. Ongoing tenders for flood walls, such as the 500-meter structure along the Boalkhali River's right bank from km 23.043 to 23.543, further bolster embankment resilience against erosion. Power infrastructure features the 150 MW Siklbaha combined-cycle dual-fuel power plant near the River, operationalized to partially meet regional demands through grid integration. Additionally, BWDB's of a multipurpose hydraulic dam in the Shrimai , budgeted at Tk 13,303 lakh with a June 2026 target, aims to regulate flow for drainage and . These projects collectively address chronic flooding and access deficits, though execution timelines have historically been extended due to procurement and environmental factors in coastal zones.

Administration and Governance

Administrative Framework

Patiya Upazila operates within Bangladesh's decentralized framework, comprising an Parishad as the central coordinating body, one , and 22 union parishads that form the foundational administrative units for rural areas. These union parishads handle essential functions such as maintaining local roads, managing initiatives, and resolving minor disputes at the community level, enabling targeted service delivery across the upazila's territory. The (UNO), a centrally appointed civil servant from the (Administration cadre), serves as the executive authority, responsible for implementing national policies, supervising through the local thana, and coordinating development schemes funded by central allocations. This role ensures alignment with national priorities while facilitating local inputs, though the appointed nature of the position can constrain full of authority. Established as an upazila in 1983 following the conversion of the pre-existing Patiya thana (formed in 1950), the structure emerged from the Local Government (Thana Parishad and Thana Reorganization) Ordinance of 1982, which sought to replace thana-based administration with elected parishads to improve in rural and resource allocation. The 22 unions provide a metric of administrative granularity, covering approximately 120 mouzas and supporting localized oversight that reduces central overload in service provision. Funding for administrative operations derives predominantly from block grants under the Annual Development Programme, disbursed through the Local Government Division, with supplementary local revenues from sources like taxes, market fees, and union-level tolls contributing marginally to operational costs. This reliance on central transfers, which constituted the bulk of expenditures as of 2022-23, underscores a hybrid model where national fiscal control supports projects but limits independent budgeting flexibility.

Political Dynamics

Patiya Upazila, part of Chattogram-12 parliamentary constituency, has seen (AL) dominance in local and national elections, though contested by (BNP) influences prevalent in the Chattogram region. In the May 2024 upazila parishad election, Didarul Alam secured the chairmanship with 56,541 votes, defeating Md Harunur Rashid, the upazila AL general secretary who received 46,143 votes, reflecting intra-party factionalism amid AL's national control. Voting disruptions, including ballot snatching at a Patiya polling center, underscored irregularities in the process. Local power has historically centered on Shamsul Haque, AL whip and former Chattogram-12 MP until the August political upheaval that left the seat vacant. Haque's family maintained a patronage-based hold, often marginalizing upazila-level AL, , and Chhatra League activists, with reports of his "kingdom-like" control fostering helplessness among party ranks. Allegations of corruption, irregularities, and illicit activities against Haque and relatives drew public discontent, contributing to perceptions of Patiya as a controversial area. Electoral tensions extended to national polls, as seen in January 2024 incidents where Haque's supporters allegedly torched election camps of an AL rival in Patiya, amid broader Chattogram violence. Post-uprising shifts have prompted BNP efforts to reclaim ground in Chattogram's 16 constituencies, potentially altering Patiya's dynamics ahead of future national elections.

Social Services

Education System

Patiya Upazila features a network of educational institutions spanning primary to tertiary levels, with government primary schools forming the foundation. Records indicate 171 government primary schools, alongside 4 residential primary schools, 2 junior high schools, 46 high schools, 45 madrasas, and colleges for higher education. Secondary institutions number 49, including both secular high schools and madrasas, while 3 colleges provide intermediate and degree-level instruction, blending public and private management. These facilities serve a predominantly rural population, where public institutions dominate primary education, but private entities supplement secondary and higher levels amid varying quality and access. Literacy rates for individuals aged 7 years and above reached 64.80% in the 2022 , up from national averages around 52% in earlier decades, with males at 73.73% and at 55.99%, highlighting ongoing gaps despite efforts. Primary enrollment mirrors national highs of over 98%, supported by mandates, yet completion and transition to secondary remain constrained. participation in primary schooling approaches parity with males, but secondary enrollment lags due to cultural and economic pressures. Dropout rates in primary and secondary cycles exceed 30% in many rural upazilas including Patiya, directly tied to poverty-driven labor and familial migration for income during lean agricultural seasons. Recurrent floods and cyclones damage and interrupt , amplifying these issues in this coastal area vulnerable to , where inadequate facilities and teacher shortages compound low pass rates and learning outcomes. Private institutions, though fewer, address some gaps but often cater to urban or affluent segments, leaving systems overburdened by resource constraints.

Healthcare and Welfare

The primary public healthcare facility in Patiya Upazila is the 50-bed Patiya Upazila Health Complex, operated by the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) under code 10000802, which handles outpatient consultations, maternal and child health services, and basic emergency care. Supporting this are community clinics, including the Alhaj Monir Chowdhury Community Clinic and Paschim Charlakhya Maulavipara Community Clinic, focused on primary care and preventive services in rural unions. In May 2025, the Upazila Health Complex achieved a health system strengthening score of 73.82, ranking 44th among similar facilities nationwide, reflecting performance in service delivery, workforce, information systems, and logistics. A 2025 cross-sectional study of patients at the complex reported moderate satisfaction with treatment accessibility but lower ratings for infrastructure and medicine availability compared to district-level facilities. Vaccination efforts under the Expanded Programme on (EPI) are integrated into Upazila operations, with coverage data for Patiya tracked via the national system alongside routine antigens like BCG, pentavalent, and . Nationally, full immunization coverage for children aged 12 months reached 83.9% in the 2023 Coverage Evaluation Survey, though upazila-specific metrics for Patiya align with Chattogram district trends emphasizing to hard-to-reach areas. Welfare programs address vulnerabilities exacerbated by recurrent floods, as outlined in Patiya's 2014 Upazila Disaster Management Plan, which coordinates relief distribution through unions and the health complex for affected households. The August 2023 floods damaged 1,262 hectares of paddy fields and seedbeds in the upazila, prompting aid including food, kits, and cash grants, though effectiveness data highlight gaps in timely reach for remote unions. Post-flood disease surveillance focuses on waterborne illnesses like and typhoid, with national patterns showing approximately 3,000 hospitalizations daily in affected regions during 2024 recession phases due to contaminated sources. To enhance capacity, the interim inspected a site for a proposed 500-bed in Patiya in April 2025, aimed at reducing dependency on Chattogram city facilities for secondary care.

Notable Residents

Prominent Figures

(16 August 1962 – 18 October 2018), born in Khorna union of Patiya Upazila, was a pioneering musician who founded the band LRB (Lucky Rozana Band) in 1977 and released over 30 albums, popularizing Western-influenced rock in Bengali music. His hits like "O Amar Moner Prane" and contributions to bands such as Feelings and earned him widespread acclaim, though he faced typical industry challenges including band transitions. Purnendu Dastidar (20 June 1909 – 9 May 1971), born in Dhalghat village under , served as a revolutionary politician, writer, and lawyer affiliated with the Communist Party of , where he advocated for peasant rights and authored works on and social reform. His activism included organizing labor movements, but his communist ideology drew opposition from colonial and post-independence authorities, leading to imprisonments without documented failures in empirical records. Harun Islamabadi (born 21 September 1938), originating from Asia village in Patiya Upazila, was a Deobandi Islamic scholar known for contributions to and , serving in educational roles at madrasas and authoring religious texts. His work emphasized traditional , with no major controversies noted in available accounts.

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  33. http://oldweb.lged.gov.bd/ProjectHome.aspx?projectID=808
  34. https://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/social_environmental/id/asia/south/bangladesh/c8h0vm0000etla3f-att/fh2q4d000000p0vu.pdf
  35. https://www.dorpatra.com/patiya-upazila-chattogram
  36. http://www.tabrijtradelink.com/projects.html
  37. https://www.chittagong.gov.bd/en/site/page/wOXl-%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A7%259F%25E0%25A6%25A8%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B0-%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BE
  38. https://www.chittagongdiv.gov.bd/en/site/view/uno
  39. https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/constitutional-law/upazilla-system-as-a-local-government-body-constitutional-law-essay.php
  40. https://mof.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/mof.portal.gov.bd/budget_mof/796dd057_c3f0_40b2_9a70_3d6132e3b407/137_LGD_English.pdf
  41. https://www.observerbd.com/news/474741
  42. https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/elections/news/ctg-uz-polls-ballot-snatching-stops-voting-patiya-centre-3621921
  43. https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/548166
  44. https://banglanews24.com/english/politics/news/bd/90202.details
  45. https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/765929
  46. https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/729108
  47. https://tob.news/bnp-moves-to-finalise-candidate-list-for-16-constituencies-in-chattogram/
  48. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Equity-Financing-in-Bangladesh-Final-v2.pdf
  49. http://hospitaldghs.gov.bd/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/List-of-50-bed-Hospital.pdf
  50. https://hris.mohfw.gov.bd/public/facility-registry/reports/organization-list?submit=Run&is_active=1&columns_csv=id%252Cname%252Cname_bn%252Ccode%252Cfacility_agency_name%252Cfacility_type_name%252Cdivision_name%252Cdistrict_name%252Ccity_corporation_name%252Cupazila_name%252Cpaurasava_name%252Cunion_name%252Cis_private&alias_columns_csv=Id%252CName%252CName%2B%2528Bangla%2529%252CCode%252CAgency%252CType%252CDivision%252CDistrict%252CCity%2BCorporation%252CUpazila%252CPaurasava%252CUnion%252CPrivate&order_by=id%2BASC&page=16
  51. http://health.patiya.chittagong.gov.bd/en
  52. https://hrm.dghs.gov.bd/public/facility-registry/reports/organization-list?submit=Run&is_active=1&columns_csv=id%252Cname%252Cname_bn%252Ccode%252Cemail_1%252Cfacility_agency_name%252Cfacility_type_name%252Cdivision_name%252Cdistrict_name%252Ccity_corporation_name%252Cupazila_name%252Cpaurasava_name%252Cunion_name%252Cis_private&alias_columns_csv=Id%252CName%252CName%2520%2528Bangla%2529%252CCode%252CEmail%252CAgency%252CType%252CDivision%252CDistrict%252CCity%2520Corporation%252CUpazila%252CPaurasava%252CUnion%252CPrivate&page=343
  53. https://dashboard.dghs.gov.bd/pages/hss_menu_facility.php?facilitytype_id=29&division_id=&district_id=
  54. https://dashboard.dghs.gov.bd/pages/hss_scoring_facility_detail.php?facility_code=10000802&year=2025&month=5&level=29&rank=44
  55. https://banglajol.info/index.php/IAHSMJ/article/view/83848
  56. https://dashboard.dghs.gov.bd/pages/dashboard_epi.php
  57. https://www.sdg.gov.bd/uploads/indicator-data/EPI%2520CES%25202023%2520-%2520First%252028%2520pages.pdf
  58. https://www.arabnews.com/node/2569505/%257B%257B
  59. https://www.bssnews.net/news/267103
  60. https://www.tbsnews.net/splash/rock-legend-ayub-bachchus-60th-birth-anniversary-today-478162
  61. https://www.observerbd.com/news/549587
  62. https://en.prothomalo.com/entertainment/music/zwsh9vhw7q
  63. https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Dastidar%2C_Purnendu
  64. http://radhikaranjan.blogspot.com/2014/03/364-purnendu-dastidar-1909-1971.html
  65. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=On-RIIQiYFo
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