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Ray Kassar
Raymond Edward Kassar (January 2, 1928 – December 10, 2017) was an American business executive who served as president, and later CEO, of Atari Inc. from 1978 to 1983. He had previously been executive vice-president of Burlington Industries, the world's largest textile company at the time, and president of its Burlington House division.
Ray Kassar began working for Burlington Industries in 1948 and later became the executive vice-president of the company and president of its Burlington House division. A member of the Board of Directors, Kassar spent 26 years at Burlington before he left the company to start his own textile company that manufactured cotton shirts in Egypt and marketed them under the "Kassar" label.
Kassar was hired in February 1978 as president of Atari's consumer division by Warner Communications, who at the time owned Atari. By this time, rifts had begun to develop between the original Atari Inc. staff (most of whom had engineering backgrounds) and the new hires brought in by Warner (who, like Kassar, mostly had business backgrounds).
In November 1978, when Atari Inc. co-founder Nolan Bushnell was fired after a dispute with Warner over the future of Atari Inc., Kassar became CEO. Kassar's experience at Burlington Industries had given him a taste for order, organization, and efficiency, and his efforts to revamp Atari along similar lines provoked substantial animosity. Atari Inc. began to promote games all year around instead of just at the Christmas season. Kassar became derisively known to many at Atari Inc. as the "sock king" and the "towel czar" (due to his previous years in the textile industry) after he once referred to Atari programmers as "high-strung prima donnas" in an interview with the San Jose Mercury News in 1979.
During Kassar's tenure, Atari Inc.'s sales grew from $75 million in 1977 to over $2.2 billion three years later. Though Atari enjoyed some of its greatest success during this period, the stifling atmosphere and lack of royalties or recognition to the individual game designers angered employees, many of whom quit. During this period, nearly all members of the original Atari Inc. staff, including Al Alcorn, quit or were fired. Atari Inc.'s upper management also suffered severe turnover rates. Many blamed Kassar's autocratic management style, but Kassar was not held accountable.
One of the most notable turnovers was when four programmers were unsatisfied with their paychecks. They felt they were making a very paltry salary considering their work designing the games that made Atari millions of dollars. When they asked Kassar for a small commission, David Crane recalls that Kassar responded, "You are no more important to that game than the guy on the assembly line who puts it together." Crane and three others resigned from Atari and formed their own company, Activision, which became the first ever third party developer.
In 1981, the highly popular and successful game Yars' Revenge was released for the Atari 2600. Howard Scott Warshaw, the game's designer, got the names "Yar" and "Razak" by jokingly spelling "Ray Kassar" backwards. Warshaw claimed that the game was "Ray's revenge on Activision".
In 1982, Kassar donated a sum of money to Brown University, his alma mater. In recognition, the university named a university building the "Edward W. Kassar House" after his father. The Kassar House is currently home to the university's mathematics department.
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Ray Kassar
Raymond Edward Kassar (January 2, 1928 – December 10, 2017) was an American business executive who served as president, and later CEO, of Atari Inc. from 1978 to 1983. He had previously been executive vice-president of Burlington Industries, the world's largest textile company at the time, and president of its Burlington House division.
Ray Kassar began working for Burlington Industries in 1948 and later became the executive vice-president of the company and president of its Burlington House division. A member of the Board of Directors, Kassar spent 26 years at Burlington before he left the company to start his own textile company that manufactured cotton shirts in Egypt and marketed them under the "Kassar" label.
Kassar was hired in February 1978 as president of Atari's consumer division by Warner Communications, who at the time owned Atari. By this time, rifts had begun to develop between the original Atari Inc. staff (most of whom had engineering backgrounds) and the new hires brought in by Warner (who, like Kassar, mostly had business backgrounds).
In November 1978, when Atari Inc. co-founder Nolan Bushnell was fired after a dispute with Warner over the future of Atari Inc., Kassar became CEO. Kassar's experience at Burlington Industries had given him a taste for order, organization, and efficiency, and his efforts to revamp Atari along similar lines provoked substantial animosity. Atari Inc. began to promote games all year around instead of just at the Christmas season. Kassar became derisively known to many at Atari Inc. as the "sock king" and the "towel czar" (due to his previous years in the textile industry) after he once referred to Atari programmers as "high-strung prima donnas" in an interview with the San Jose Mercury News in 1979.
During Kassar's tenure, Atari Inc.'s sales grew from $75 million in 1977 to over $2.2 billion three years later. Though Atari enjoyed some of its greatest success during this period, the stifling atmosphere and lack of royalties or recognition to the individual game designers angered employees, many of whom quit. During this period, nearly all members of the original Atari Inc. staff, including Al Alcorn, quit or were fired. Atari Inc.'s upper management also suffered severe turnover rates. Many blamed Kassar's autocratic management style, but Kassar was not held accountable.
One of the most notable turnovers was when four programmers were unsatisfied with their paychecks. They felt they were making a very paltry salary considering their work designing the games that made Atari millions of dollars. When they asked Kassar for a small commission, David Crane recalls that Kassar responded, "You are no more important to that game than the guy on the assembly line who puts it together." Crane and three others resigned from Atari and formed their own company, Activision, which became the first ever third party developer.
In 1981, the highly popular and successful game Yars' Revenge was released for the Atari 2600. Howard Scott Warshaw, the game's designer, got the names "Yar" and "Razak" by jokingly spelling "Ray Kassar" backwards. Warshaw claimed that the game was "Ray's revenge on Activision".
In 1982, Kassar donated a sum of money to Brown University, his alma mater. In recognition, the university named a university building the "Edward W. Kassar House" after his father. The Kassar House is currently home to the university's mathematics department.