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Stenochilidae
Stenochilidae is a family of southeast Asian araneomorph spiders that produce ecribellate silk. First described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1873, it now contains thirteen described species in two genera.
The family name Stenochilidae is derived from the type genus Stenochilus, which comes from the Greek words στενός (narrow) and χεῖλος (lip), referring to the narrow labium characteristic of these spiders.
Stenochilidae has a restricted distribution in the Oriental realm, ranging from India in the west to Fiji in the east. The family has been recorded from South and Southeast Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Philippines) and Oceania (Borneo, Bali, New Guinea, Fiji).
The westernmost record is Stenochilus hobsoni from Iraq, representing the first record of the family in the Middle East.
Stenochilidae are small spiders with a total length of 3.5–10 mm. They are instantly recognizable by their uniquely diamond-shaped carapace, which is widest behind coxae II and heavily tuberculate. The carapace is simple in outline in Colopea but modified with numerous undulations in Stenochilus. Unlike most spiders, stenochilids have two thoracic grooves rather than one – generally an anterior groove and a posterior pit.
The eye arrangement resembles that of prodidomids and some zodariids, with the eyes of the right and left sides forming single, continuous, gently curved rows. In four of the five known species at the time of Platnick & Shadab's revision, the posterior median eyes are unusually elongate, twice the size of the others. The anterior eye row is slightly recurved while the posterior row is strongly procurved.
The chelicerae are light red and lack marginal teeth, but possess a basal lamella and lateral stridulating files. The labium is elongate and completely fused to the sternum, unlike in Palpimanidae where it is free. The sternum has pronounced anterolateral elevations and sclerotized extensions surrounding the coxae.
A diagnostic feature is the presence of only two large spinnerets plus remnants of four posterior spinnerets. In males, these remnants appear nonfunctional and lack spigots, but in females they are larger, equipped with spigots, and fused into a platelike structure resembling a cribellum.
Stenochilidae
Stenochilidae is a family of southeast Asian araneomorph spiders that produce ecribellate silk. First described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1873, it now contains thirteen described species in two genera.
The family name Stenochilidae is derived from the type genus Stenochilus, which comes from the Greek words στενός (narrow) and χεῖλος (lip), referring to the narrow labium characteristic of these spiders.
Stenochilidae has a restricted distribution in the Oriental realm, ranging from India in the west to Fiji in the east. The family has been recorded from South and Southeast Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Philippines) and Oceania (Borneo, Bali, New Guinea, Fiji).
The westernmost record is Stenochilus hobsoni from Iraq, representing the first record of the family in the Middle East.
Stenochilidae are small spiders with a total length of 3.5–10 mm. They are instantly recognizable by their uniquely diamond-shaped carapace, which is widest behind coxae II and heavily tuberculate. The carapace is simple in outline in Colopea but modified with numerous undulations in Stenochilus. Unlike most spiders, stenochilids have two thoracic grooves rather than one – generally an anterior groove and a posterior pit.
The eye arrangement resembles that of prodidomids and some zodariids, with the eyes of the right and left sides forming single, continuous, gently curved rows. In four of the five known species at the time of Platnick & Shadab's revision, the posterior median eyes are unusually elongate, twice the size of the others. The anterior eye row is slightly recurved while the posterior row is strongly procurved.
The chelicerae are light red and lack marginal teeth, but possess a basal lamella and lateral stridulating files. The labium is elongate and completely fused to the sternum, unlike in Palpimanidae where it is free. The sternum has pronounced anterolateral elevations and sclerotized extensions surrounding the coxae.
A diagnostic feature is the presence of only two large spinnerets plus remnants of four posterior spinnerets. In males, these remnants appear nonfunctional and lack spigots, but in females they are larger, equipped with spigots, and fused into a platelike structure resembling a cribellum.
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