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Steven Jude Hoffenberg (January 12, 1945 – August 2022)[2] was an American businessman and fraudster. He was the founder, CEO, president, and chairman of Towers Financial Corporation, a debt collection agency, which was later discovered to be a Ponzi scheme.[3] In 1993, he rescued the New York Post from bankruptcy, and briefly owned the paper. Towers Financial collapsed in 1993, and in 1995 Hoffenberg pleaded guilty to bilking investors out of $475 million. He was sentenced to 20 years in prison (serving 18 years), plus a $1 million fine and $463 million in restitution. The U.S. SEC considered his financial crimes to be "one of the largest Ponzi schemes in history".[4]

Key Information

Early life

[edit]

Hoffenberg was born in Brooklyn, New York to a Jewish family on January 12, 1945, along with a twin brother, Martin.[2][5]

In 1971 Hoffenberg pleaded guilty to attempted second-degree larceny for trying to steal a diamond in New York. Despite later denying reports that he had indicated his involvement, he later admitted in a civil trial that he was once "involved in a theft".[6]

Career

[edit]

Towers financial corporation

[edit]

In the early 1970s, Hoffenberg founded Towers Financial Corporation, a New York City debt collection agency that was supposed to buy debts that people owed to hospitals, banks, and phone companies.[7] He was its chief executive officer, president, and chairman.[8][9][3][10] It was later discovered to be a Ponzi scheme.[8][9][3][10] In February the Securities and Exchange Commission began a civil action against him and others, and in March 1993 Towers Financial filed for bankruptcy.[9] In April 1995 Hoffenberg pleaded guilty to bilking investors out of $475 million.[9] The SEC considered his financial crimes as "one of the largest Ponzi schemes in history" at the time.[4]

New York Post

[edit]

Hoffenberg owned the New York Post from January to March 1993. The implosion of the Towers Ponzi scheme ended his tenure, which had seen mass layoffs, a mass walkout on the part of the paper's staff, and missed issues.

Prison sentence

[edit]

In 1997, Judge Robert W. Sweet sentenced Hoffenberg to 20 years in prison. He spent 18 years at several prisons, including FCI Fort Dix (Fort Dix, New Jersey) and the Federal Medical Center, Devens (in Devens, Massachusetts). He was also ordered to pay a $1 million fine and $463 million in restitution. Per the U.S. Bureau of Prisons, he was released in October 2013.[11][10][12][3] He settled a civil suit with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for $60 million.[13][14]

Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein

[edit]

In 1987, Hoffenberg met Jeffrey Epstein through a British defense contractor named Douglas Leese.[15] Leese was one of the architects,[16] along with Saudi Adnan Khashoggi and Prince Bandar bin Sultan Al Saud, in the billion dollar Al-Yamamah arms deal, Britain's biggest arms deal ever concluded, earning the prime contractor, BAE Systems, at least £43 billion in revenue between 1985 and 2007.[17] Leese told Hoffenberg about Epstein: "The guy's a genius, he's great at selling securities. And he has no moral compass." Hoffenberg hired Epstein from about 1987 to 1993 to help with the Towers Financial Corporation, paid him $25,000 a month and gave him a $2 million loan in 1988 that Epstein would never have to pay back.[18][3]

Hoffenberg set Epstein up in offices in the Villard Houses.[3] They unsuccessfully tried to take over Pan Am in a corporate raid with Towers Financial as their raiding vessel. Their bid failed, in part because of the 1988 terrorist bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, which ultimately contributed to the airline's bankruptcy. A similar unsuccessful bid in 1988 was made to take over Emery Air Freight Corp.[3]

During this period, Hoffenberg and Epstein worked closely together and traveled everywhere on Hoffenberg's private jet.[3][19][20] Hoffenberg began using Towers Financial funds to pay off earlier investors and pay for a lavish lifestyle that included a Locust Valley, New York, Long Island mansion, as well as homes on Sutton Place (in Manhattan) and in Florida, and a number of cars and planes.[3][21]

In court documents, Hoffenberg claimed that Epstein was intimately involved in the Ponzi scheme.[22][23] Epstein left Towers Financial before it collapsed and was never charged for being involved with the massive investor fraud committed.[24][25]

In 2016, Hoffenberg and some of his victims sued Epstein, seeking restitution. He asserted in court that Epstein had been intimately involved in Tower's financial practices and called Epstein the "architect of the scam".[18] In July 2019, following Epstein's arrest on charges of sex trafficking of minors and conspiracy to commit sex trafficking, Hoffenberg again claimed that Epstein was his "uncharged co-conspirator" in the Ponzi scheme.[26] Former Towers investors made similar allegations in a lawsuit filed in August 2018. The lawsuit also alleged that the millions in stolen investments were the seed capital for Epstein's hedge fund, which it valued at $50 billion.[27]

Personal life and death

[edit]

Hoffenberg converted to Christianity during his time in prison.[6][28] Following his release, he claimed to be seeking to make amends to his victims, and also reached out to women who had made allegations of assault against his former mentee Jeffrey Epstein, with one of Epstein's accusers Maria Farmer reporting that she and Hoffenberg had become "friends."[5] On July 10, 2014, he married Post All Star News president, Maria Santiago, after a one month romance. He held an informal wedding ceremony in front of Trump Tower in Manhattan.[29] He had been married at least twice before, and had a daughter from a relationship he had been having at the time of his federal prosecution; his daughter met him for the first time at the age of 19 after he was released from prison.[5]

Hoffenberg was found dead at his apartment in Derby, Connecticut, on August 23, 2022, at the age of 77.[2] Epstein accuser Maria Farmer said she called police to check in on Hoffenberg after she failed to reach him over the phone during the preceding week.[28] His body was in an advanced state of decomposition, and a Derby police officer estimated that he had been dead for roughly a week by the time his remains were found.[2][5] An initial autopsy found no evidence of trauma on his body and police said they believe he died of natural causes.

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Steven Hoffenberg

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Steven Hoffenberg (January 12, 1945 – August 2022) was an American financier and convicted felon who founded and masterminded one of the largest Ponzi schemes in U.S. history, bilking investors out of more than $450 million through fraudulent and securities offerings in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Initially building a legitimate debt-buying , Hoffenberg expanded Towers into a sprawling operation promising high returns on junk debt and promissory notes, but sustained it via classic Ponzi mechanics of using new investor funds to pay earlier ones while concealing massive losses. In 1995, he pleaded guilty to , conspiracy, and related counts, receiving a 20-year sentence that he served nearly in full until in 2013; prosecutors highlighted the scheme's scale as rivaling earlier infamous frauds like that of himself. Beyond the Towers collapse, which bankrupted the firm and drew SEC enforcement actions against accomplices, Hoffenberg briefly acquired control of the New York Post in 1993 amid his fraudulent peak, using scheme proceeds for high-profile ventures that underscored his brash Wall Street persona. Post-incarceration, he publicly alleged complicity by former associate in the Towers fraud and subsequent Epstein enterprises, claiming Epstein's role in structuring deceptive financial vehicles and evading accountability through elite networks—assertions Hoffenberg reiterated in interviews and filings seeking leniency or restitution, though Epstein denied direct involvement in the scheme's crimes. Hoffenberg died of natural causes in his Derby, Connecticut, apartment in August 2022, with authorities confirming no evidence of foul play after an .

Early life

Birth and upbringing

Steven Hoffenberg was born on January 12, 1945, in , . He was born alongside a twin brother, Martin. His parents were Harry Hoffenberg, who worked in , and Bernice Hoffenberg, reflecting a working-class family background in the urban environment of mid-20th-century . This modest upbringing in a densely populated provided the setting for his early years, though specific details on formative childhood experiences remain limited in available records.

Education and early career aspirations

Hoffenberg enrolled at the following high school but departed without completing a degree. In the 1970s, amid widespread issues with unpaid bills plaguing small-business owners in New York, Hoffenberg initiated a debt-collection enterprise using an initial $2,000 investment. This venture reflected his early focus on exploiting market inefficiencies in for profit, prior to scaling operations through acquisitions and expansions.

Business career

Initial ventures

In the early , Steven Hoffenberg co-operated Westwood Paper and Hardware Company, Inc., a small retail business in New York. The company filed for amid operational difficulties typical of the era's economic pressures, including high interest rates exceeding 15% in 1981-1982 that strained small enterprises reliant on . During the bankruptcy proceedings, Hoffenberg directed an associate to destroy the firm's books and records, contributing to allegations of fiduciary misconduct by company officers, including himself. A New York State judge characterized the actions of Hoffenberg and his partners as "shocking to the conscience of the court," reflecting early patterns of evading accountability in business failures rather than isolated market-driven collapse. This episode underscored limited scale and viability of his initial non-financial ventures, prompting a shift toward higher-margin opportunities in finance and asset recovery amid the 1980s' deregulatory environment and rising demand for debt management services.

Founding and operations of Towers Financial Corporation

Towers Financial Corporation was founded by Steven Hoffenberg in 1988 as a agency headquartered in , . The firm initially concentrated on acquiring portfolios of overdue debts from creditors at discounted rates and pursuing recovery through systematic collection efforts. The core business model revolved around asset recovery, where Towers purchased non-performing receivables—such as unpaid bills owed to utilities, hospitals, and other entities—and deployed teams of collectors to contact debtors and secure payments, retaining a share of the recovered funds as compensation. This approach allowed the company to generate revenue from otherwise uncollectible assets, positioning it as a specialist in financial salvage operations. Over time, Towers broadened its scope to encompass related financial services, including advisory roles in debt management, while maintaining the debt collection as its foundational activity. Operations expanded rapidly in the late and early , with the describing itself as a fast-growing conglomerate through acquisitions and internal scaling to handle larger portfolios. promotions highlighted substantial recovery volumes, though independent verification of specific early figures from these activities remains limited to internal statements amid subsequent . grew to support high-volume collection processes, involving sales, administrative, and field personnel coordinated from the base.

Bid for the New York Post

In January 1993, Steven Hoffenberg, chairman of , proposed to acquire the amid its impending shutdown due to under owner . Hoffenberg committed to injecting $300,000 to $500,000 weekly to sustain operations during negotiations for a permanent purchase, ultimately providing approximately $6 million in loans to the paper over three months. On February 19, 1993, U.S. Francis G. Conrad approved the sale to Hoffenberg, granting him operational control and averting immediate closure. Hoffenberg positioned the bid as a effort, stating he aimed "to do something for the people of New York" following his financial successes. The pursuit reflected Hoffenberg's ambition to enter media ownership, potentially enhancing his profile in and through editorial influence, as he assumed the role of acting publisher during this period. However, the arrangement lasted only until March 12, , when the Post was sold to developer Abe Hirschfeld after Hoffenberg's financing faltered. This brief tenure underscored his temporary sway over a major tabloid but ended without completing the full acquisition.

Fraudulent activities and collapse

Mechanics of the Ponzi scheme

Towers Financial Corporation launched its in 1988 through the issuance of promissory notes via four fraudulent offering memoranda, promising investors high yields—often 15% or more annually—from the purported purchase and collection of distressed debts acquired at deep discounts and redeemed at full . These representations depicted a legitimate business generating substantial profits, but no such operations existed; Towers fabricated collection activities and financial performance to lure funds. In operation, incoming capital from new note sales directly funded interest and principal repayments to prior investors, while principals siphoned portions for personal use, creating the appearance of a thriving enterprise without underlying revenue. This pyramid-like dependency masked the absence of genuine assets or income, as early payouts reinforced credibility and encouraged referrals, but required accelerating recruitment to cover escalating obligations. The fraud scaled to approximately $450 million raised from around 200,000 investors, predominantly individuals seeking secure returns, by 1993. Mechanically, sustainability hinged on new inflows exceeding outflows, but the scheme's promise of returns far surpassing market rates for low-risk demanded exponential investor growth—impossible long-term given finite markets—leading to shortfall when expansion stalled, exposing the lack of real value as audited financials revealed zero profitable activity.

Exposure and regulatory investigations

In early 1993, encountered a severe as it failed to meet redemption demands from holders of its promissory notes, which had been marketed as backed by healthcare receivables but were in reality unsupported by sufficient assets. This shortfall triggered defaults on obligations totaling hundreds of millions of dollars, halting the inflow of new investor funds necessary to sustain operations. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), having monitored Towers' activities amid complaints and discrepancies in financial disclosures, filed a civil on February 8, 1993, in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against Towers Financial, Steven Hoffenberg, Mitchell Brater, and Arthur Ferro. The charged in the issuance and sale of over $450 million in unregistered promissory notes from 1988 onward, alleging material misrepresentations about the company's assets, revenues, and debt collection operations, including fabricated claims of $500 million in annual receivables. The SEC's probe uncovered falsified and internal records showing that Towers had overstated its portfolio of purchased debt by diverting proceeds to unrelated expenses and executive perks rather than legitimate investments. Federal Judge John Keenan granted the SEC's request for a preliminary on February 11, 1993, freezing Towers' assets and appointing a receiver to preserve and halt further transactions. Towers filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection that same day, with five affiliates following suit by March 26, 1993, amid revelations that valid creditor claims exceeded $278 million. Parallel criminal investigations by the FBI and the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York ensued, focusing on wire and through analysis of bank records and witness interviews that corroborated the Ponzi-like structure, where early note redemptions were funded by later investors.

Arrest, guilty plea, and conviction

Steven Hoffenberg was arrested on February 17, 1994, by federal authorities in New York following a superseding charging him with , mail fraud, , and obstruction of justice related to the Towers Financial scheme. The U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York alleged that Hoffenberg had orchestrated the fraud while violating a prior freezing his assets issued in February 1993. On April 20, 1995, Hoffenberg pleaded guilty in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York to four felony counts: conspiracy to commit securities fraud and wire fraud, securities fraud, and filing a false tax return. In his plea allocution, he admitted directing the issuance of fraudulent debt securities totaling over $450 million, which defrauded thousands of investors, including individual retirees and institutional clients, through misrepresentations of Towers Financial's financial health and investment returns. Prosecutors presented evidence of deliberate deception, including falsified financial statements and the use of investor funds to pay returns to earlier participants rather than legitimate investments, demonstrating clear intent to defraud. Hoffenberg's defense attempted to mitigate sentencing by arguing an , claiming impaired his judgment, but U.S. District Judge Robert W. Sweet rejected this in October 1996 after psychiatric evaluations found him competent and responsible. On March 7, 1997, Sweet sentenced Hoffenberg to 20 years in —near the maximum under federal guidelines for the offenses—citing the unprecedented scale of the $475 million fraud, its victimization of vulnerable investors, and Hoffenberg's lack of remorse or cooperation in recovering assets as aggravating factors. The judge also imposed a $1 million fine and ordered $462.6 million in restitution, reflecting the calculated harm and comparisons to other major securities frauds where sentences were similarly severe for schemes exceeding hundreds of millions in losses.

Imprisonment and release

Hoffenberg began serving a 20-year federal prison sentence on March 7, 1997, following his conviction on and related charges. He ultimately served 18 years, benefiting from good time credits under federal sentencing guidelines that eliminated traditional parole but allowed for supervised release after 85% of the term. His incarceration included time at the Federal Correctional Institution in , , where he filed a 2009 habeas corpus petition alleging violations of his rights during imprisonment, though the petition was denied. By that filing, he had served approximately 13.5 years of his sentence. Hoffenberg was released from federal custody in 2013. Upon release, he entered a three-year term of supervised release, during which he faced restrictions such as prohibitions on possession and requirements to comply with restitution orders exceeding $475 million to victims.

Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein

Collaboration during Towers era

Jeffrey Epstein was hired by Steven Hoffenberg as a paid consultant for in 1987 at a monthly rate of $25,000. In this capacity, Epstein served as a financial advisor, focusing on deal structuring and securities transactions, and was described by contemporaries as a senior or key operational figure working closely with Hoffenberg. Company records, including a 1987 Towers press release, identified him as a financial advisor involved in major acquisition bids, such as the proposed takeover of Pan American World Airways that year. Epstein collaborated with Hoffenberg on asset recovery initiatives and investor recruitment efforts, including pitches to sell promissory notes and bonds totaling hundreds of millions of dollars between and 1993. These activities were corroborated by associate testimonies and court documents, such as a 1991 Illinois lawsuit exhibit listing $215,000 in payments to "Jeff Epstein or Jeff Epstein & Co." for consulting services. Joint projects extended to structuring bids for companies like Emery Air Freight Corporation in , leveraging insurance funds and manipulating stock prices for asset recovery. and Hoffenberg shared at Towers' Villard House location in and frequently met with executives, including international travel on Hoffenberg's plane to advance these deals. Epstein's involvement at Towers lasted through the late 1980s into the early 1990s, ceasing before the company's full collapse in 1993; he was not named in regulatory investigations or charged in connection with Towers' activities.

Post-prison claims and disputes

After his release from prison in 2013, Hoffenberg repeatedly asserted in media interviews that Jeffrey Epstein had co-architected the Ponzi scheme at Towers Financial Corporation, actively designing its fraudulent debt-collection and investment structures while retaining a significant share of the illicit proceeds, which Hoffenberg claimed formed the foundation of Epstein's later wealth. In a 2019 NPR interview, Hoffenberg stated that Epstein "knew everything" about the operation and should have faced charges alongside him, alleging Epstein escaped liability due to elite connections that shielded him from prosecution. He maintained these positions in subsequent statements, insisting the U.S. Department of Justice overlooked Epstein's role despite internal awareness, attributing this to Epstein's purported ties to influential figures. Counterarguments and evidentiary gaps have persistently undermined Hoffenberg's assertions, with federal prosecutors never filing charges against related to Towers Financial despite investigating the firm's collapse in , which defrauded investors of approximately $460 million. Legal analyses point to insufficient linking Epstein to the scheme's core mechanics beyond his advisory role, as well as the absence of recovered funds traceable to him, rendering Hoffenberg's claims reliant on personal testimony without corroborating documentation or witness substantiation from the era. Critics, including attorneys involved in the original case, have dismissed Hoffenberg's post-prison narrative as an attempt by a convicted fraudster to deflect responsibility, noting that while Epstein's employment at Towers raised suspicions, no immunity deals or prosecutorial leniency were publicly documented for him in this matter. The unsubstantiated nature of these claims stems from causal factors such as the expiring on many potential counts by the mid-1990s, combined with Epstein's departure from Towers in 1987—prior to its full unraveling—which limited opportunities for attributing personal culpability amid the scheme's complexity involving thousands of investors. Hoffenberg's insistence on "elite protection" lacks empirical support from declassified DOJ records or indictments, contrasting with mainstream legal skepticism that views his allegations as motivated by resentment over his 20-year sentence compared to Epstein's evasion. No independent audits or civil suits have validated the transfer of scheme proceeds to Epstein's accounts, leaving the disputes unresolved but weighted against Hoffenberg's self-interested account due to his history of deception.

Later years

Reparations and public statements

Following his release from in October 2013, Hoffenberg made no verifiable financial restitution to the victims of his , despite a 1997 requiring him to pay approximately $462.6 million in losses to over 200,000 affected investors. The total fraud exceeded $450 million, with limited pre-collapse asset recoveries reducing the restitution figure slightly, but Hoffenberg's indigence prevented any post-release payments or successful lawsuits by him against former associates to recover funds for victims. In public media appearances after 2013, Hoffenberg acknowledged the criminality of his scheme, describing it as a "criminal enterprise" devoid of any commendable purpose and reflecting on it as part of a "lifetime of errors." During a 2019 NPR interview from a , he expressed regret over the harm to investors' savings and stated a desire for redemption, claiming, "I'm the first one in line to assist the victims" and aspiring to "go to the assisting the victims," though these statements centered on verbal support and testimony rather than material compensation. Hoffenberg offered no detailed of the fraud's origins beyond personal failings, emphasizing instead the scale of deception that defrauded thousands through false promises of collections.

Political endorsements

In April 2016, Steven Hoffenberg formed the super PAC Get Our Jobs Back Inc. (FEC ID: C00616078) to support Donald Trump's presidential campaign, listing himself as treasurer in Federal Election Commission filings. Hoffenberg publicly stated plans for the PAC to raise over $1 billion and execute a $50 million marketing effort on Trump's behalf, positioning it as a vehicle to promote his candidacy amid critiques of economic establishment failures. The initiative garnered media scrutiny due to Hoffenberg's 1995 for orchestrating a $460 million , which undermined its viability; FEC disclosures through 2016 reflect negligible fundraising and expenditures, with no significant donor contributions reported. Hoffenberg framed his endorsement as rooted in shared outsider perspectives on and elite accountability, echoing Trump's campaign rhetoric against insiders, though his felon status confined the effort to marginal influence.

Death

Discovery and official findings

On August 23, 2022, police in , discovered the body of a man during a at a Mount Pleasant Street , later identified as Steven Hoffenberg through dental records due to advanced . The decomposition suggested Hoffenberg had been deceased for approximately one week or more prior to the discovery, consistent with his solitary living arrangement following his release from . Derby police Justin Stanko stated that there were no indications of foul play, and the circumstances pointed to natural causes absent further evidence. The Office of the Chief confirmed the identity and conducted an initial , with the official pending results at the time of public reports. No additional investigative findings suggesting external involvement were reported by authorities.

References

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  46. https://www.fox61.com/article/news/crime/police-believe-person-found-dead-swindler-hoffenberg/520-ca71dddd-adca-428a-bbbe-be8259d0768e
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