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Taiwan under Japanese rule
The island of Taiwan, together with the Penghu Islands, became an annexed territory of the Empire of Japan in 1895, when the Qing dynasty ceded Fujian-Taiwan Province in the Treaty of Shimonoseki after the Japanese victory in the First Sino-Japanese War. The consequent Republic of Formosa resistance movement on Taiwan was defeated by Japan with the capitulation of Tainan. Japan ruled Taiwan for 50 years. Its capital was located in Taihoku (Taipei), the seat of the Governor-General of Taiwan.
Taiwan was Japan's first colony and can be viewed as the first step in implementing their "Southern Expansion Doctrine" of the late 19th century. Japanese intentions were to turn Taiwan into a showpiece "model colony" with much effort made to improve the island's economy, public works, industry, cultural Japanization (1937 to 1945), and support the necessities of Japanese military aggression in the Asia-Pacific. Japan established monopolies and by 1945, had taken over all the sales of opium, salt, camphor, tobacco, alcohol, matches, weights and measures, and petroleum in the island. Most Taiwanese children did not attend schools established by Japan until primary education was made mandatory in 1943.
Japanese administrative rule of Taiwan ended following the surrender of Japan in September 1945 during the World War II period, and the territory was placed under the control of the Republic of China (ROC) with the issuing of General Order No. 1 by US General Douglas MacArthur. Japan formally renounced its sovereignty over Taiwan in the Treaty of San Francisco effective 28 April 1952.
Whether the period should be called "Taiwan under Japanese rule" (Chinese: 日治時期) or "Taiwan under Japanese occupation" (Chinese: 日據時期) in Chinese is a controversial issue in Taiwan and highly depends on the speaker's political stance.
In 2013, the Executive Yuan under the Kuomintang rule ordered the government to use "Taiwan under Japanese occupation". In 2016, after the government switching to the Democratic Progressive Party, the Executive Yuan said the order was not in force.
Taiwanese historical scholar Chou Wan-yao, believed the term "Taiwan under Japanese rule" is more accurate and natural when describing the period, and compared it with "India under British rule". In contrast, Taiwanese political scientist Chang Ya-chung insisted that the term "Taiwan under Japanese occupation" respecting the long resistance history in Taiwan under Japanese rule. Taiwanese historical scholar Wang Chung-fu, indicated that the terminology controversy is more about historical perspective than historical fact.
The term "Japanese period" (Chinese: 日本時代; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi) has been used in Taiwanese Hokkien and Taiwanese Hakka.
The Japanese had been trading for Chinese products in Taiwan (formerly known as "Highland nation" (Japanese: 高砂国, Hepburn: Takasago-koku)) since before the Dutch arrived in 1624. In 1593, Toyotomi Hideyoshi planned to incorporate Taiwan into his empire and sent an envoy with a letter demanding tribute. The letter was never delivered since there was no authority to receive it. In 1609, the Tokugawa shogunate sent Harunobu Arima on an exploratory mission of the island. In 1609 and 1615, Tokugawa Ieyasu sent expeditions to attack Penghu and Taiwan. General Shen of Wuyu was sent to Keelung against the Japanese invaders and sunk one of their ships, forcing them to retreat. In 1616, Nagasaki official Murayama Tōan sent 13 vessels to conquer Taiwan. The fleet was dispersed by a typhoon and the one junk that reached Taiwan was ambushed by headhunters, after which the expedition left and raided the Chinese coast instead.
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Taiwan under Japanese rule
The island of Taiwan, together with the Penghu Islands, became an annexed territory of the Empire of Japan in 1895, when the Qing dynasty ceded Fujian-Taiwan Province in the Treaty of Shimonoseki after the Japanese victory in the First Sino-Japanese War. The consequent Republic of Formosa resistance movement on Taiwan was defeated by Japan with the capitulation of Tainan. Japan ruled Taiwan for 50 years. Its capital was located in Taihoku (Taipei), the seat of the Governor-General of Taiwan.
Taiwan was Japan's first colony and can be viewed as the first step in implementing their "Southern Expansion Doctrine" of the late 19th century. Japanese intentions were to turn Taiwan into a showpiece "model colony" with much effort made to improve the island's economy, public works, industry, cultural Japanization (1937 to 1945), and support the necessities of Japanese military aggression in the Asia-Pacific. Japan established monopolies and by 1945, had taken over all the sales of opium, salt, camphor, tobacco, alcohol, matches, weights and measures, and petroleum in the island. Most Taiwanese children did not attend schools established by Japan until primary education was made mandatory in 1943.
Japanese administrative rule of Taiwan ended following the surrender of Japan in September 1945 during the World War II period, and the territory was placed under the control of the Republic of China (ROC) with the issuing of General Order No. 1 by US General Douglas MacArthur. Japan formally renounced its sovereignty over Taiwan in the Treaty of San Francisco effective 28 April 1952.
Whether the period should be called "Taiwan under Japanese rule" (Chinese: 日治時期) or "Taiwan under Japanese occupation" (Chinese: 日據時期) in Chinese is a controversial issue in Taiwan and highly depends on the speaker's political stance.
In 2013, the Executive Yuan under the Kuomintang rule ordered the government to use "Taiwan under Japanese occupation". In 2016, after the government switching to the Democratic Progressive Party, the Executive Yuan said the order was not in force.
Taiwanese historical scholar Chou Wan-yao, believed the term "Taiwan under Japanese rule" is more accurate and natural when describing the period, and compared it with "India under British rule". In contrast, Taiwanese political scientist Chang Ya-chung insisted that the term "Taiwan under Japanese occupation" respecting the long resistance history in Taiwan under Japanese rule. Taiwanese historical scholar Wang Chung-fu, indicated that the terminology controversy is more about historical perspective than historical fact.
The term "Japanese period" (Chinese: 日本時代; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ji̍t-pún sî-tāi) has been used in Taiwanese Hokkien and Taiwanese Hakka.
The Japanese had been trading for Chinese products in Taiwan (formerly known as "Highland nation" (Japanese: 高砂国, Hepburn: Takasago-koku)) since before the Dutch arrived in 1624. In 1593, Toyotomi Hideyoshi planned to incorporate Taiwan into his empire and sent an envoy with a letter demanding tribute. The letter was never delivered since there was no authority to receive it. In 1609, the Tokugawa shogunate sent Harunobu Arima on an exploratory mission of the island. In 1609 and 1615, Tokugawa Ieyasu sent expeditions to attack Penghu and Taiwan. General Shen of Wuyu was sent to Keelung against the Japanese invaders and sunk one of their ships, forcing them to retreat. In 1616, Nagasaki official Murayama Tōan sent 13 vessels to conquer Taiwan. The fleet was dispersed by a typhoon and the one junk that reached Taiwan was ambushed by headhunters, after which the expedition left and raided the Chinese coast instead.