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Timed out is a method of dismissal in the sport of cricket. It occurs when an incoming batter is not ready to play within a given amount of time of the previous batter being either dismissed or retired.[1][2] This is one case of a 'diamond' or 'platinum' duck, as the player is out without having faced a ball. The purpose of the law is to ensure there are no unnecessary delays to the game. It is easily avoided, and it is very unusual for a batter to get out 'timed out'. As of March 2025, there have been no instances of this type of dismissal in Test cricket, a single instance each in One Day International and Twenty20 International cricket, and seven instances in first-class cricket.

Background

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"Timed Out" as a specific method of dismissal was added to the Laws in the 1980 code.[3] It provided two minutes for the incoming batter to "step on to the field of play". In the 2000 code, this was revised to three minutes for the batter to "be in position to take guard or for his partner to be ready to receive the next ball".[4] However, the first printed Laws of cricket, in 1775, already required the umpires "To allow Two Minutes for each Man to come in when one is out".[5]

In 1919, Sussex cricketer Harold Heygate was given out by the umpire Alfred Street as "timed out" in a first-class County Championship match with Somerset at Taunton. MCC, then in charge of the Laws, later ruled that the umpire was correct in ending the Sussex innings when Heygate failed to appear within two minutes, but that the batter should be marked as "absent", which is how it appears in the 1920 edition of Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. Under present rules, Heygate would have been recorded as "absent hurt", and this is how his innings is now recorded in CricketArchive. The match ended in a tie.[6]

Current Law

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Law 40 of the Laws of Cricket provides that an incoming batter must be in position to receive the ball or for their partner to be ready to receive the next ball within a given amount of time of the fall of the previous wicket or the previous batsman retiring. If not, the incoming batter will be given out, timed out, on appeal.[7]

The amount of time given for the incoming batter to be ready varies depending on the match playing conditions. The default period of time defined in Law 40 is 3 minutes,[7] but this is amended to 2 minutes for Test cricket and one day international cricket.[8][9] Twenty20 cricket shortens the period of time even further to 90 seconds, and an on-field dugout is often provided in this format (in a similar manner to some other team sports such as association football and rugby) to enable incoming batters to make their way to the wicket immediately when a wicket falls to avoid being timed out.[10] The umpires cannot rule on any appeal for timed out until someone takes the field of play.

The "incoming batter" may be any batter who has not yet batted. There is no prescribed batting order in cricket, i.e. the team does not have to come out to bat in any specific order even if one has been published. Until one batter has set foot on the field the batting captain may pick any player who has not yet batted who, when they appear on the field, may then be given out on appeal.[11] Knowing that a better batter will shortly be able to take the field, the captain can therefore sacrifice onto the field their worst remaining batter (colloquially the "No. 11") or one who is present injured, even one who previously retired hurt.

Whether or not an appeal for timed out is made, if the delay in which no batter comes to the wicket extends beyond the prescribed minutes, an "extended delay" is judged and the umpires follow the procedure in Law 16.3 with a view to award the match to the opposing team.[7] They will discuss the situation together, make contact with the Captain of the team who are refusing to play and can award the game to the bowling side.[12]

If no remaining not out players are able to take the field (e.g. through absence, injury or illness, or suspension or ejection as a result of a players' conduct offence) then none is given out timed out; instead the innings is to be considered as completed and "absent ill/injured/hurt" (or retired in the event of a players' conduct offence) is noted next to all remaining players' names as appropriate.[13][14]

Dismissals

[edit]

Test cricket matches

[edit]

No batter has been dismissed timed out in Test cricket as of November 2023, but there are some notable incidents where a batter could have potentially been dismissed in this manner:

  1. During the third Test at Cape Town's Newlands Cricket Ground of the 2006–2007 series between India and South Africa, India quickly lost two opening batters at the start of their second innings. Sachin Tendulkar was listed as the fourth batter, but as he had been replaced as a fielder for 18 minutes at the end of South Africa's first innings, he was ineligible to bat in India's second innings until another 18 minutes had expired from its commencement. After confusion in the Indian dressing room about Tendulkar's ineligibility resulting in a six-minute delay, Sourav Ganguly came in as the next batter. South African captain Graeme Smith did not appeal for a "timed out" dismissal of the incoming batter as the Umpires had told him it would not be entertained due to confusing information given by the match referee regarding Tendulkar's short suspension, and Ganguly was allowed to commence his innings.[15]
  2. During the second Test in the 2023 Ashes series, Australian player Nathan Lyon suffered a severe calf injury while fielding that prevented him from moving at a normal pace. During the Australian second innings he decided to take his place as the final batter and to avoid the potential for England to appeal and have him dismissed by a time out, Lyon moved closer to the field than the Australian players pavilion so he could hobble onto the ground within the time limit. He avoided being timed out, scoring 4 runs before he was dismissed.

One Day International cricket

[edit]

The first batter in One Day International cricket (or indeed in any form of international cricket)[16] to be timed out was Angelo Mathews in a group stage match against Bangladesh during the 2023 Cricket World Cup. Mathews was making his way to the crease after the dismissal of Sadeera Samarawickrama when his helmet strap broke and he sought a replacement helmet on the edge of the field before being ready to face the next ball, with the time taken between Samarawikrama's dismissal and Mathews' readiness to face the next ball consequently exceeding the 2 minutes permitted under the tournament playing conditions.[17] Subsequently, Bangladesh captain Shakib Al Hasan appealed for timed out, which was upheld by the on-field umpires Richard Illingworth and Marais Erasmus. Despite Mathews' protestations, Shakib refused to withdraw the appeal. The dismissal generated controversy, with some praising and others criticising Shakib for his actions.[18][19] It later emerged that Mathews would not have been ready to face the next ball in time even had his helmet strap not broke, and that he had been warned by the umpires about the possibility of being timed out before the helmet malfunction.[20]

No. Player Team Opposition Venue Competition Date Result
1 Angelo Mathews  Sri Lanka  Bangladesh Arun Jaitley Stadium, Delhi, India 38th Match, 2023 Cricket World Cup 6 November 2023 Lost[21]
Mathews was making his way to the crease following the dismissal of Sadeera Samarawickrama when his helmet strap broke, exchanging his helmet on the boundary before proceeding. The resulting delay meant that Mathews failed to be ready to receive the next ball in time, however he still would not have been ready in time even without the helmet malfunction.[1][20]

Twenty20 International cricket

[edit]

The first batter in Twenty20 International cricket to be out Timed out was Ghana's Godfred Bakiweyem against Sierra Leone in the 2023 Africa Cricket Association Africa T20 Cup, occurring only a month after the aforementioned Mathews dismissal in One Day International cricket. Notably, Bakiweyem was involved in another unusual dismissal earlier in the same match when Sierra Leone's Abass Gbla made intentional contact with Bakiweyem while Bakiweyem was attempting to run Gbla out, resulting in Gbla being given out obstructing the field.[22]

No. Player Team Opposition Venue Competition Date Result
1 Godfred Bakiweyem  Ghana  Sierra Leone Willowmoore Park, Benoni, South Africa 12th Match, 2023 Africa Cricket Association Cup 17 December 2023 Won[23]
Following the dismissal of Samson Awiah, Bakiweyem was uncertain as to whether he was next to bat, the resulting delay meaning that he failed to be ready to receive the next ball in time.[22]

First-class cricket

[edit]
No. Player Team Opposition Venue Competition Date Result
1 [note 1] Andrew Jordaan Eastern Province Transvaal Adcock Stadium, Port Elizabeth, South Africa 1987–88 Howa Bowl 20 February 1988 Drawn[25]
Jordaan was due to open the batting but was prevented from reaching the ground due to flooded roads following an overnight downpour.[24]
2 Hemulal Yadav Tripura Orissa Barabati Stadium, Cuttack, India 1997–98 Ranji Trophy 17 December 1997 Drawn[26]
Yadav was in conversation with his team manager on the boundary at the fall of the 9th wicket, and made no attempt to reach the crease.[27]
3 Vasbert Drakes Border Free State Buffalo Park, East London, South Africa 2002–03 SuperSport Series 27 September 2002 Lost[28]
Drakes had been playing for West Indies in the Champions Trophy and was included in Border's team under the assumption that he would arrive on time. His flight from Colombo was delayed and he had not yet arrived at the ground when he was due to bat.[29]
4 Andrew Harris Nottinghamshire Durham UCCE Trent Bridge, Nottingham, England 2003 University Centres of Cricketing Excellence 12 April 2003 Won[30]
Harris had strained a groin muscle and was not initially expecting to bat, but later decided to bat as Chris Read was nearing a century but was running out of batting partners. He was not yet ready to bat at the fall of the 9th wicket and was still making his way to the field when time elapsed, stranding Read on 94 not out.[29]
5 Ryan Austin Combined Campuses and Colleges Windward Islands Arnos Vale Ground, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2013–14 Regional Four Day Competition 4 April 2014 Won[31]
Austin was the last nominated batter and failed to be ready to receive the next ball in time. Despite this, he won the Player of the Match award due to his career-best bowling of 11-101 contributing towards an 82-run win.[32]
6 Charles Kunje Matabeleland Tuskers Mountaineers Queens Sports Club, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe 2017–18 Logan Cup 3 December 2017 Lost[33]
After Matabeleland Tuskers lost 3 wickets in 6 balls, Kunje was unprepared to bat and failed to be ready to receive the next ball in time.[27]
7 Saud Shakeel State Bank of Pakistan Pakistan Television Rawalpindi Cricket Stadium, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Final, 2024–25 President's Trophy 4 March 2025 Lost[34]
After State Bank of Pakistan lost 2 wickets in 2 balls, Shakeel was unprepared to bat and failed to be ready to receive the next ball in time.[35]

See also

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Notes

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References

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[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Timed out

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Timed out is a method of dismissal in whereby an incoming batter is declared out if they fail to be ready to receive the next delivery—or for their batting partner to be ready to receive it—within three minutes of the previous batter's dismissal or retirement, unless time has been called by the umpires. This rule, codified in Law 40 of the maintained by the (MCC), aims to prevent deliberate time-wasting by batters at the fall of a . The dismissal does not credit the bowler with a in the scorecard, distinguishing it from other modes of dismissal like or . The timed out law has been part of cricket's codified rules since at least the , but it remained largely theoretical and unused in professional matches for over two centuries due to its strict application requiring umpires to enforce the precisely. In practice, umpires typically allow flexibility for reasonable delays, such as equipment issues or injuries, but the rule can be invoked if the incoming batter does not reach the crease and prepare to face the ball within the allotted period. If the delay exceeds without the batter arriving, the umpires may declare the batter out timed out upon appeal from the fielding side; failure to appeal means the dismissal cannot be applied. Despite its existence, timed out dismissals are exceedingly rare at elite levels, with only two recorded in as of November 2025. The first instance occurred on November 6, 2023, during the ICC Men's Cricket World Cup, when Sri Lanka's was given out timed out against after a malfunction delayed his preparation beyond the three-minute limit, sparking widespread debate on the rule's fairness. The second international case was Ghana's Godfred Bakiweyem, timed out against in a T20I on December 17, 2023. Prior to these, the dismissal had been applied sporadically in domestic and lower-tier matches, including cases in English and Pakistani domestic leagues. More recently, on March 5, 2025, Pakistan's was dismissed timed out in the domestic President's Trophy final. These events have renewed discussions on potential amendments to the law to account for unavoidable delays, though the MCC has upheld its wording to maintain game tempo.

History

Origins and Early Development

The concept of penalizing delays by incoming batsmen emerged in the early codified during the , primarily to curb deliberate time-wasting and ensure the game's progression in an era of multi-day matches on uncovered pitches susceptible to interruptions. Although the specific dismissal mode known as "timed out" was not formalized until later, precursor rules addressed the issue through team-level penalties rather than individual outs. In the 1774 code of laws, umpires were instructed to "allow two minutes for each man to come in" following the fall of a , with an additional fifteen minutes between ; failure to comply after the umpire called "Play" resulted in the defaulting side losing the match. This provision, without numbering in the early informal codes, underscored umpires' discretion in managing delays, reflecting the need for efficiency in village greens and early fixtures where like horse-drawn could already prolong proceedings. The rule was refined in subsequent revisions, with the 1884 code designating it as Law 45, maintaining the two-minute allowance for the incoming striker while explicitly stating that umpires "shall allow two minutes for each striker to come in" to expedite play and deter stalling tactics. The emphasis on umpires' authority highlighted the era's challenges, including longer formats without modern protections, where even minor delays could significantly impact match outcomes. Despite these stipulations, no verified instances of the rule's enforcement appear in records before , attributable to its informal application and the slower pace of early , where travel constraints and rudimentary organization often led to natural pauses rather than deliberate infractions. The current MCC Law 40 extends this to a three-minute limit for individual dismissal, evolving the original intent to penalize wilful tardiness. The first recorded instance of a timed out dismissal occurred in 1987-88, when South African batter Andrew Jordaan was timed out in a first-class match for Eastern against Transvaal due to travel delays from flooded roads.

Evolution and Rarity Prior to 2023

The timed out dismissal was formally introduced as a specific method in the 1980 revision of the , stipulating a two-minute limit for the incoming batter to be ready to face the next ball after the fall of a . This provision aimed to prevent deliberate time-wasting, building on earlier informal practices where umpires could rule a batter absent without formal dismissal status. In the 2000 code revision, the time limit was extended to three minutes to accommodate evolving aspects of the game, such as more complex protective equipment and strategic fielding rearrangements that could delay the incoming batter's arrival. Prior to 2023, the rule's application remained exceedingly rare, with umpires showing reluctance to enforce it due to the "Spirit of Cricket" preamble introduced in the 2000 MCC Laws, which emphasized fair play and mutual respect over strict adherence to technicalities. This cultural norm, reinforced by a preference for issuing warnings rather than dismissals, aligned with 's tradition of sportsmanship, where appeals for timed out were viewed as contrary to the game's ethos. Additionally, logistical challenges in pre-1980 , including inconsistent timing mechanisms and the absence of standardized stopwatches at many venues, contributed to non-enforcement, as umpires relied on visual estimates rather than precise measurements. Statistics underscore this infrequency: before 2023, only six confirmed timed out dismissals occurred worldwide, all in spanning 1987 to 2017, with zero instances in international matches across Test, ODI, or T20I formats. These cases typically involved exceptional circumstances, such as travel delays or personal issues, rather than routine delays.

MCC Law 40

Law 40 of the Marylebone Cricket Club's (MCC) Laws of Cricket governs the dismissal method known as "timed out," establishing a strict timeline for an incoming batter to be ready after a wicket falls or a batter retires. The precise wording of the law, as per the 2017 Code (3rd Edition 2022), is as follows:
40.1 Out Timed out
40.1.1 After the fall of a wicket or the retirement of a batter, the incoming batter must, unless Time has been called, be ready to receive the ball, or for the other batter to be ready to receive the next ball, within 3 minutes of the fall of the wicket or retirement. If this requirement is not met, the incoming batter will be out, Timed out.
40.1.2 In the event of an extended delay in which no batter comes to the wicket, the umpires shall adopt the procedure of Law 16.3 (Umpires awarding a match). For the purpose of this Law, either umpire shall call and signal ‘Time’ after the 3 minutes is up.
This provision ensures the game progresses without undue delays, with the 3-minute window beginning at the moment the signals the dismissal of the previous batter or announces the . The enforcement of Law 40 requires an from the fielding side, typically initiated by the or a fielder asking the , "How's that?" or a similar phrase; without such an , the dismissal cannot be given, even if the time limit expires. If the is upheld and the batter is given out timed out, the decision is final, with no provision for the batter to return or for the to resume from that point. are responsible for accurately timing the interval, starting the clock immediately upon the wicket's fall or call, and they may account for brief, justifiable delays such as those caused by injury or equipment retrieval only if deemed reasonable under the circumstances. An key exception suspends the 3-minute countdown if the calls "Time," such as during intervals or other official breaks, resuming only when play is ready to restart. Law 40 applies universally across all formats of the game—Test, One-Day International, and T20—unless specific playing conditions approved by governing bodies like the explicitly modify the timing or procedures.

Variations in Playing Conditions

In international limited-overs , the (ICC) modifies the timed out rule under MCC Law 40 to enforce stricter time limits aimed at minimizing delays. For One Day Internationals (ODIs), the playing conditions stipulate a 2-minute window for the incoming batter to be ready to receive the ball after a dismissal or retirement, as applied during the 2023 Men's ODI World Cup. This reduction from the MCC's default promotes faster play in 50-over matches, with umpires required to enforce it upon appeal from the fielding captain. For Internationals (T20Is), the ICC further shortens the limit to 90 seconds to suit the format's emphasis on pace, a standard implemented since the early and reaffirmed in updates to the playing conditions. This adjustment ensures minimal interruption in the short 20-over game, where appeals for timed out must still be made explicitly. Domestic competitions often adapt these international standards or revert to the MCC baseline. In the Indian Premier League (IPL), a major T20 league, the timed out limit is set at 2 minutes to balance speed with the format's demands, while first-class matches typically default to the MCC's 3-minute allowance unless tournament-specific conditions specify otherwise. Following the 2023 ODI World Cup, the (MCC) issued a clarification on interpreting in cases of equipment delays, stating that such issues do not excuse the dismissal if not communicated to umpires within the applicable , though extraordinary circumstances may allow discretionary extensions under umpire authority.
Format/OrganizationTime LimitAppeal Requirement
MCC (default, e.g., first-class)3 minutesYes, by fielding side captain
ICC ODI2 minutesYes, by fielding side captain
ICC T20I1.5 minutesYes, by fielding side captain

Recorded Dismissals

International Limited-Overs Cricket

The first recorded instance of a timed out dismissal in One Day International (ODI) cricket occurred during the 2023 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup on November 6, when Sri Lanka's Angelo Mathews was given out against Bangladesh in Delhi. Mathews, entering as the No. 6 batter after Sadeera Samarawickrama's dismissal, faced a delay due to a malfunctioning helmet strap, taking 1 minute and 54 seconds to be ready to face the next delivery. Bangladesh captain Shakib Al Hasan appealed immediately, and the on-field umpires, Marais Erasmus and Richard Illingworth, upheld the decision under the two-minute limit for incoming batters in ODIs, marking the first such occurrence in international cricket history. This controversial ruling, where Mathews did not face a single ball, ignited widespread global debate on the spirit of the game versus strict adherence to playing conditions, with Sri Lanka losing the match by 3 wickets. In response to the uproar, the , custodians of the , issued a statement on November 11 affirming the umpires' correctness, noting that time had not been called and more than two minutes had elapsed before the appeal, and that Mathews had not consulted the umpires promptly about the helmet issue. The incident underscored the rarity and groundbreaking nature of timed out in limited-overs internationals, prompting discussions on potential amendments but ultimately reinforcing the law's validity. The inaugural timed out in (T20I) cricket followed on December 17, 2023, during the T20I Cup qualifier in , where Ghana's Godfred Bakiweyem was dismissed against . Bakiweyem, the incoming batter, exceeded the after a slow entry to the field following the previous , resulting in his dismissal for 0 off 0 balls without facing a delivery. This low-profile event, in a group-stage match that Ghana ultimately won by 4 wickets while chasing 112, represented the first enforcement of the stricter T20I time limit and highlighted the law's application in faster-paced formats. As of November 2025, these remain the only two timed out dismissals in international limited-overs , with no further instances recorded in ODIs or T20Is despite the implementation of two-minute and 90-second limits, respectively, emphasizing the mode's continued rarity even in high-stakes global competitions.

First-Class

The timed out dismissal has occurred seven times in as of November 2025, all in domestic competitions and typically resulting from logistical delays, injuries, or unpreparedness rather than intentional time-wasting. The earliest recorded instance took place during the 1987-88 South African domestic season, when Andrew Jordaan of Eastern Province was given out timed out against Transvaal at Adcock Stadium in Port Elizabeth after his team's bus was delayed by flooded roads, preventing him from arriving at the crease within the three-minute limit. This marked the first use of the rule in , highlighting its rarity even in multi-day games where ample preparation time is expected. Subsequent pre-2023 cases remained infrequent, with only six occurrences by 2019, often linked to external factors like travel disruptions or sudden team collapses. For example, in the 1997-98 Ranji Trophy, Hemulal Yadav of Tripura was timed out against Orissa at Barabati Stadium in Cuttack due to an injury that delayed his entry by over three minutes. Another notable case involved Vasbert Drakes playing for Border against Free State in East London during the 2002-03 South African season; selected for the match, Drakes was in Sri Lanka at the time and could not arrive due to flight delays, leading to his dismissal without facing a ball under the three-minute rule. In 2003, Andrew Harris for Nottinghamshire against Durham UCCE in Nottingham was timed out due to a groin injury that slowed his arrival as the last batter. In the 2017-18 Logan Cup, Charles Kunje of Matabeleland Tuskers was timed out against Mountaineers in Bulawayo after his team lost three quick wickets, leaving him unprepared and unable to reach the crease in time following a hat-trick. Other instances, such as Ryan Austin for Combined Campuses and Colleges against Windward Islands in 2014, similarly stemmed from delays in readiness, reinforcing the dismissal's association with unforeseen circumstances rather than tactical appeals. The most recent first-class timed out occurred in March 2025 during the President's Trophy final in , where of was dismissed against Pakistan Television after failing to arrive at the crease within three minutes following two rapid wickets; reports indicated a delay related to equipment issues in the dressing room, though some accounts suggested he had briefly dozed off. This event, the seventh overall, drew attention for its occurrence in a high-stakes domestic final and Shakeel's status as a Test er, yet it followed the pattern of accidental delays. As of November 2025, no further instances have been recorded. Across these cases, appeals for timed out have been rare in , generally reserved for clear instances of delay, such as transport failures or post-wicket unpreparedness, and none have occurred in Test matches despite the rule's uniform application under MCC Law 40. The domestic nature of all instances underscores the format's logistical challenges in multi-day fixtures, where teams often travel between venues, contrasting with the more controlled environments of international Tests.

Other Domestic Formats

Timed out dismissals remain exceptionally rare in domestic List A cricket, with no recorded instances in major competitions such as South Africa's Momentum One-Day Cup or England's Royal London One-Day Cup as of November 2025. The absence of such cases underscores the rule's infrequent application in 50-over domestic formats, where umpires typically exercise discretion to prioritize game flow over strict timing enforcement. In domestic T20 , occurrences are similarly scarce but have emerged in lower-tier leagues. A notable example occurred during the 2025 Kerala Cricket League semi-final between Kochi Blue Tigers and Calicut Globstars at Greenfield International Stadium, where Alfi Francis John was dismissed timed out for failing to reach the crease within the 90-second limit after the previous fell; this marked the first such incident in Indian domestic . Such events highlight the shorter time allowances in T20 playing conditions, typically 90 to 120 seconds depending on the league, aimed at maintaining rapid pacing in shorter formats. By November 2025, timed out dismissals in non-first-class domestic cricket total very few, confined almost entirely to minor or regional tournaments rather than high-profile leagues. This scarcity stems from the inherent speed of limited-overs play, coupled with umpires' hesitation to apply the rule absent a deliberate appeal from the fielding side. Post-2023, following precedents in international cricket, officials in T20 domestic leagues have shown greater vigilance toward entry delays, yet no cases have arisen in marquee competitions like the Indian Premier League or Big Bash League.

References

  1. https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket-2d35b4b95a4a67ae8f9c76f258a84aa8/timed-out
  2. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/icc-world-cup/news/mcc-rules-controversial-angelo-mathews-timed-out-dismissal-as-correct/articleshow/105148100.cms
  3. https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/67333235
  4. https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/angelo-mathews-becomes-the-first-player-to-be-dismissed-timed-out-in-international-cricket-1407500
  5. https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/africa-cricket-association-cup-2023-24-1412206/ghana-vs-sierra-leone-12th-match-group-b-1412222/full-scorecard
  6. https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/timed-out-dismissals-in-professional-cricket-full-list-saud-shakeel-becomes-latest-victim
  7. https://archive.acscricket.com/research/Laws_of_Cricket/1774.html
  8. https://archive.acscricket.com/research/Laws_of_Cricket/1884.html
  9. https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket-world-cup/angelo-mathews-sourav-ganguly-timed-out-6-minutes-9016022/
  10. https://www.lords.org/mcc/the-laws-of-cricket-2d35b4b95a4a67ae8f9c76f258a84aa8/preamble-to-the-laws-spirit-of-cricket
  11. https://northwestcricket.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/laws-of-cricket-2017-code-3rd-edition-2022_1.pdf
  12. https://www.icc-cricket.com/about/cricket/rules-and-regulations/playing-conditions
  13. https://www.wisden.com/series/icc-mens-cricket-world-cup-2023-24/cricket-news/explained-what-is-the-timed-out-law-how-long-does-a-batter-have-and-when-has-the-rule-been-used
  14. https://documents.iplt20.com/bcci/documents/1742707993986_Match_Playing_Conditions.pdf
  15. https://www.lords.org/lords/news-stories/mcc-statement-on-timed-out-in-men-s-cricket-world
  16. https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2023/11/6/sri-lankas-angelo-mathews-becomes-crickets-first-timed-out-dismissal
  17. https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/cricketworldcup/news/explained-why-angelo-mathews-was-dismissed-before-facing-a-ball
  18. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/mcc-verdict-on-angelo-mathews-timed-out-dismissal-in-world-cup-responds-to-video-evidence-of-being-wronged-by-umpire-101699666467131.html
  19. https://www.olympics.com/en/news/timed-out-wicket-cricket-rule
  20. https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/unusual-dismissals-283986
  21. https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/list-seven-batters-timed-first-class-cricket-ft-saud-shakeel
  22. https://www.cricket.one/cricket-news/list-of-cricketers-who-fell-victim-to-the-rare-and-bizarre-timed-out-dismissal/67c878819c102b938237af66
  23. https://stats.acscricket.com/Records/First_Class/Overall/Batting/Out_Timed_Out.html
  24. https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/out-of-time-124532
  25. https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/pakistan-batter-saud-shakeel-timed-out-after-reportedly-falling-asleep-in-dressing-room/article69298233.ece
  26. https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/cricket/saud-shakeel-timed-out-dismissal-record-fc-pakistan-9871568/
  27. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/saud-shakeel-becomes-first-pakistani-cricketer-to-be-timed-out-what-is-the-rule/articleshow/118758350.cms
  28. https://twitter.com/ACScricket/status/1721476682266083387
  29. https://www.obnews.co/Index/newsDetail/id/11895440.html
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