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Viasat (American company)
Viasat (American company)
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Viasat, Inc. (formerly stylized as ViaSat) is an American communications company based in Carlsbad, California, with additional operations across the United States and worldwide. Viasat is a provider of high-speed satellite broadband services and secure networking systems covering military and commercial markets.[3][4][5]

Key Information

History

[edit]

ViaSat was co-founded in May 1986 by Mark Dankberg, Mark Miller and Steve Hart.[6][7][8] Mark Dankberg became chief executive officer and Mark Miller and Steve Hart became chief technical officers.[7] ViaSat received venture capital financing of $300,000 from Southern California Ventures.[7][8]

In December 1996, ViaSat had its initial public offering (IPO), raising approximately $20 million. The company opened on NASDAQ at a price of $4.50 per share. Following the IPO, the three founders of ViaSat retained a 28% ownership stake, while venture capital backers held 20%.[7][6]

In 1999, ViaSat relocated its headquarters to Carlsbad, California.[9] Viasat launched a spin-off company, TrellisWare Technology, in 2000. The self-funded company focuses on developing communications and signal processing systems.[10]

The acquisition of the satellite networking business of Scientific-Atlanta for $75 million in cash in 2000 helped ViaSat to focus on providing technology for interactive services to businesses.[11]

In 2001, ViaSat started working with Boeing on Connexion broadband for airliners.[6] The company acquired Lockheed Martin Global Telecommunications' products unit, Comsat Laboratories in 2001 for an undisclosed amount.[7][12][13] Comsat Laboratories is Viasat's technology and product development group for communication systems focusing on developing new technologies for extremely bandwidth efficient, high data rate satellite transmission.[12][13][14] In 2001, Viasat also purchased US Monolithics, a company focused on designing high frequency broadband circuitry, for around $30 million.[7][15][16]

Eutelsat entered an agreement in 2001 to use Viasat's LinkStar high performance IP terminals for their broadband multimedia network over Ku-based FSS satellites.[17] Viasat entered a joint venture in 2001 with Loral Skynet to found Immeon Networks to develop the Immeon satellite bandwidth-on-demand service sold in monthly managed service plans. ABC News used Immeon to improve its voice and data-communications for on-location news.[18]

ViaSat won a contract with WildBlue Communications worth $16 million in March 2001 to build WildBlue's satellite modems to support the company's initial service launch.[19] WildBlue signed a second contract with Viasat in 2001 for $17 million and Viasat would develop and produce satellite modem termination systems for six gateway stations.[20]

WildBlue launched its internet service in October 2004 after gaining Ka-band transponder capacity on the Telesat Anik F2 satellite. It conducted formal technical testing until January 2005, followed by nationwide beta testing before the first residential retail customers had services installed in June.[21] The WildBlue service was upgraded in 2007 using the satellite WildBlue-1, which launched the year before.[22]

In 2005, ViaSat acquired Efficient Channel Coding, a producer of broadband communication integrated circuits and satellite communication systems, which gave ViaSat access to the IPStar satellite broadband market.[23][8] Enerdyne, a defense technology firm, was acquired by ViaSat in 2006 for an initial investment of $17 million adding its EnerLinks II video data link equipment to Viasat's defense products.[24][8]

ViaSat acquired JAST Antenna Systems, based in Lausanne, Switzerland, in 2007. JAST develops microwave circuits and antennas for terrestrial and mobile satellite applications.[25]

On December 15, 2009, ViaSat bought WildBlue, based in Colorado, for $568 million in cash and stock. Included in the acquisition were the WildBlue-1 satellite and Ka-band capacity on Telesat's Anik F2 and about $75 million in cash and $45 million in tax losses, bringing the net purchase price to about $445 million.[26]

In 2010, ViaSat bought Stonewood Group of Dorset, England, an encryption company, for $20 million in cash and stock.[27]

In January 2013, ViaSat broke ground for its expansion in Duluth, Georgia, the second largest location after the company's headquarters in Carlsbad, California at the time.[citation needed] In 2015, Viasat opened a 116,000 square foot facility at the Arizona State University Research Park in Tempe, Arizona.[28] The Arizona campus focuses on design and manufacturing of advanced microwave communication and radar products, radio frequency systems and cybersecurity.[29] In 2016, Viasat announced a research and development facility in Chennai, India.[30][31] In 2017, Viasat broke ground on an 80,000 square foot facility on the ATLAS property near the Texas A&M Health Science Center in Bryan, Texas.[32][33]

ViaSat also acquired LonoCloud, a company focused on cloud networking software, in 2013.[34][35][36]

In 2014, ViaSat partnered with Thuraya Telecommunications, a mobile satellite services operator, to provide machine to machine (M2M) services.[37] The same year, Viasat entered a partnership with LightSquared to work on M2M services in vehicular and aviation devices.[38][39] Viasat also teamed with Southern California Edison to provide an easy transition into operational networks.[40] NetNearU based in Bryan/College Station, Texas was acquired in 2014. Focused on government and enterprise customers, NetNearU has a wifi management system called TRACKOS, a cloud-based software.[41][42][43] ViaSat acquired Gray Labs, a company that specialized in satellite-to-earth communications for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance in July 2014.[44]

ViaSat acquired network virtualization company Engreen in 2015 to enhance its Flexible Broadband System.[45][46] In March 2015, Viasat acquired EAI Design Services in order to add its Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) and Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) microprocessor design into satellite and cybersecurity projects.[47]

In 2016, ViaSat acquired Arconics, an aviation software provider based in Dublin, Ireland. The company added 40 Arconics employees to its staff and expanded its software offerings as a result of the acquisition.[48]

In 2017, ViaSat announced the intention to enter into a joint venture with the European satellite operator Eutelsat.[49] As part of the venture, the companies will jointly operate two new business entities with one owning and operating Eutelsat's KA-SAT satellite and wholesale broadband business and the other purchasing KA-SAT satellite-based capacity and marketing retail broadband internet services throughout Europe. Both businesses would be headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland.[50] The companies aborted their joint venture plans in April 2018.

The company launched its third (previous satellites were ViaSat-1 and WildBlue-1) satellite, ViaSat-2 on June 1, 2017[51] and ViaSat-3, a high-capacity three satellite constellation, is expected to launch first satellite in 2020.[52]

In December 2020, Viasat acquired RigNet, a secure managed networking solutions and specialized applications developer.[53] RigNet will be incorporated into Viasat's Global Enterprise and Mobility business unit, providing Viasat access to its digital transformation toolset, end-to-end managed communications, and connectivity service capabilities.[54]

In May 2021, Viasat appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit and requested a halt for SpaceX's ongoing launches of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites that power Starlink. Viasat alleged that the Federal Communications Commission's decision did not comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and said that SpaceX launches should be halted due to "environmental harms when satellites are taken out of orbit; light pollution that alters the night sky; [and] orbital debris." The FCC rejected these claims, and, on July 20, 2021, the judges ruled that SpaceX can keep launching broadband satellites.[55][56][57]

On November 8, 2021, Viasat announced a $7.3 billion deal to purchase Inmarsat for $850 million in cash, approximately 46 million shares of Viasat stock and assumption of $3.4 billion in debt.[58] Provisional approval for the merger was given by the UK's Competition and Markets Authority in March 2023[59] with 25 May 2023 set as the date for a formal decision.[60] On May 31, 2023, the acquisition was completed.[61][62]

On October 3, 2022, Viasat and L3Harris announced that L3Harris would purchase Viasat's Tactical Data Link product line and network for $1.96 billion, consisting of Viasat's Link_16 terminals and networks.[63] The acquisition was completed on January 3, 2023.[64]

On January 7, 2024, Viasat was sanctioned by the Chinese government due to its participation in the U.S. arms sales to Taiwan.[65] China lifted its sanctions on July 22, 2024.[66]

In June 2025, Viasat was named as a hacking victim of Salt Typhoon, an advanced persistent threat operated by the Chinese government.[67]

Viasat hack

[edit]

On February 24, 2022, the day Russia invaded Ukraine, thousands of Viasat modems were disabled by a "deliberate ... cyber event" in what became known as the Viasat hack. Thousands of customers in Europe were without internet for at least a month.[68] On 31 March, 2022, SentinelOne researchers Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade and Max van Amerongen announced the discovery of a new wiper malware codenamed AcidRain designed to permanently disable routers. [69] Viasat later confirmed that the AcidRain malware was used during the 'cyber event'.[70] AcidRain shares code with VPNFilter, a 2018 cyber operation against routers attributed to the Russian military by the FBI.[71] On 10 May, 2022, the European Union condemned the attack targeting Viasat's KA-SAT network as a Russian operation.[72]

Satellites

[edit]

In July 2013, Viasat was licensed by the Federal Communications Commission for Ka-band aeronautical earth stations.[73] Viasat operates resources on four satellites: ViaSat-1, WildBlue1, Anik-F2 and ViaSat-2.[74]

  • Anik-F2 was launched in 2004. It entered service June 2005 (used in testing before that). Its Ka-band resources are operated by ViaSat. The satellite itself belongs to Telesat.
  • WildBlue-1 was launched in December 2006 from Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana. It weighed 4,735 kilograms or 10,439 pounds.[75] WildBlue-1 became operational in early 2007.[76]
  • ViaSat-1: Space Systems/Loral built ViaSat-1 and it launched from Kazakhstan in October 2011 and entered service in January 2012.[6][77][7] ViaSat-1 covers the residential US with additional coverage in Hawaii, Canada and Alaska through a Ka-band connection.[6] ViaSat-1 runs on fixed beams trained on certain geographic areas.[78]
  • ViaSat-2 expanded the geographic range covered by ViaSat-1.[78] Viasat partnered with Boeing to build the ViaSat-2 satellite.[79] On July 1, 2017 ViaSat-2 was launched on an Ariane 5 rocket.[80][81] The coverage area includes Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, parts of northern South America and aeronautical and maritime routes across the Atlantic Ocean.[79][6] The satellite entered service February 2018.
  • ViaSat-3: In November 2015, Viasat announced that it was planning to order the first of three ViaSat-3 Ka-band satellites that would expand coverage globally with throughput capacity of one terabit per second for each of the satellites.[82] In 2017, the company said the constellation, when complete, would have more capacity than the rest of the world's spacecraft combined.[83]
  • KA-SAT: In November 2020, Viasat purchased all remaining assets, including the KA-SAT, and ended its joint venture with Eutelsat. Viasat stated that it would begin prepping for ViaSat-3 Americas to launch in late 2021, followed by another ViaSat-3 covering Europe, the Middle East, and Africa in 2022.[84]

The ViaSat-3 constellation is expected to be in service by 2022.[85] In addition, there is a contract for a SpaceX Falcon Heavy launch for another ViaSat-3 class satellite, as well as a third satellite to be launched by United Launch Alliance within a similar timeframe.[52][86]

Viasat Internet

[edit]
Viasat's WiFi modem

Launched in 2012 under the Exede name, Viasat Internet is a broadband internet service that covers areas traditional terrestrial internet service providers do not reach.[87][88] In 2013, the Voice home service was introduced as a companion to the data service.[89][90][91] The company also distributes a business internet, initially called Exede Business, which was launched in 2014.[90][92]

Viasat's Exede Internet is powered by Viasat's ViaSat-1 satellite.[93][94][95][96] The satellite was announced in 2008. Designed by Viasat and manufactured by Space Systems/Loral in Palo Alto, California, the satellite was completed in 2011.[97] It was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan in October 2011 using a Proton Breeze M rocket. The satellite has a geostationary orbit over North America at 115.1° West longitude. ViaSat-1 has 72 spot beams.[98] The satellite has 63 beams covering the continental USA and Hawaii, and 9 covering Canada through the Xplornet service.[99] The satellite weighs 6,740 kg[100] and has a 15-year operational life.[98] ViaSat-1 cost $400 million to produce and launch.[101] ViaSat-2, which launched in June 2017, expands the capacity and coverage of the Viasat Internet service.[102][103][104]

Initially the satellite broadband internet was launched as a response to the lack of coverage provided by terrestrial services.[96] The 12 Mbit/s service was faster than earlier satellite internet access options such as WildBlue which could reach 1.5 Mbit/s. In 2016, a 25 Mbit/s download speed was introduced in some areas, as well as a new modem supporting the new speed tier that includes an integrated Wi-Fi router and VoIP adapter.[105] In 2017, Viasat sunsetted the name Exede and rebranded as Viasat Internet.[106][107]

The internet service covers most of the continental U.S. and Hawaii.[94][108] Between 2012 and 2015, the Federal Communications Commission has reported that Viasat's Exede Internet met or surpassed advertised speeds. In the 2015 report, download speeds were just over 100% of advertised, while upload speeds topped 150% of advertised speeds.[109]

The long distance to the geosynchronous orbit used by Viasat has a latency of over 600 ms, over 10 times more than terrestrial or low Earth orbit systems like Starlink, rendering it much less competitive for applications like videoconferencing and video gaming.[110]

Viasat Internet likewise offers voice over IP residential phone service with its Viasat Voice Services.[94] DirecTV is one of the major retailers that offers Viasat Internet to its customers.[111] Dish Network resells the Viasat Internet service and other internet services under its own DishNet brand name.[112]

In-flight internet

[edit]

In December 2013, Viasat launched its in-flight WiFi service on JetBlue.[113] The fleet contained 190 aircraft using the service in 2014,[114] and 420 in November 2015.[115] The company has since expanded the service to other airlines including United Airlines, American Airlines, Scandinavian Airlines, Delta, El Al, Aeroméxico, JetBlue, and Qantas.[116][117][118][119][120][121][better source needed] The dual-band technology allows airlines to offer connectivity to over 150 customers at a time per plane.[122]

International internet

[edit]

In 2017, Viasat established a commercial agreement with Grupo Prosperist, a telecommunications service provider in Mexico, to deploy the Community Wi-Fi service. Community Wi-Fi utilizes a centralized hotspot in order to connect to a Viasat satellite and deliver affordable internet service to remote communities in Mexico. By 2019, Community Wi-Fi was now accessible to over one million people throughout Mexico.[123] Facebook also began investing in Community Wi-Fi in 2019 to continue providing high-speed, satellite-powered internet to rural locations across the world.[124][125]

In July 2020, Viasat launched a high-speed residential internet service for Brazil, using bandwidth from the Telebras SGDC-1 satellite. Its minimal infrastructure Wi-Fi service reached across eight states, including São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Federal District, and Amazonas.[126]

Security systems

[edit]

Eclypt hard drives and external USB drives produced by Viasat are encrypted to ensure that data stored cannot be retrieved if a computer or storage device is stolen. Eclypt drives are used by governments, military forces, and law enforcement agencies.[127]

Viasat Critical Infrastructure Security was introduced in 2013, designed to stop security breaches and monitor operation of grid networks using real-time intelligence.[128] The process adds encrypted sensors to the critical national infrastructure networks and monitors all abnormal activity through a security operations center.[129] Viasat is working in conjunction with Southern California Edison to enhance their critical infrastructure security systems through a funding from the U.S. Department of Energy meant to improve protection of the nation's electric grid and oil and gas infrastructure from cyber-attack.[130][131]

Government communications

[edit]

Viasat also offers mobile two-way satellite broadband services to the United States Government.[132] Tactical communications for the US military involves tactical data, information assurance, and satellite communications. Tactical data links provide secure networking for voice and data. Information assurance for encryption devices allow for the transfer of classified data across public networks. Satellite communications give real-time intelligence for command and control functions.[133] The US government uses ArcLight technology over a managed private network that operates on Ku-band satellite links and can use the Yonder global satellite network as well.[73] The worldwide satellite broadband access that Viasat offers allows for airborne mobile broadband for en route communications. The company has an airborne mobility program for C-17 jets and encrypts the satellite to hub link connections for the government.[134] Viasat's Satellite Access Manager (SAM) supports Department of Defense missions through airborne intelligence for surveillance and reconnaissance operations. SAM increases bandwidth utilization and efficiency through real-time network monitoring systems for the ArcLight2 broadband terminals.[135]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia
Viasat, Inc. (NASDAQ: VSAT) is an American global communications company headquartered in , that designs, develops, and delivers high-capacity systems, broadband internet services, and secure networking solutions for residential, enterprise, government, and military customers worldwide. Founded in 1986 by Mark Dankberg, Mark Miller, and —former executives at a satellite communications firm—Viasat initially focused on innovative digital communication products before expanding into broadband and defense technologies. The company operates through segments including satellite services, which provide high-speed, unlimited-data plans particularly suited for rural and remote areas where terrestrial is limited, and commercial networks offering in-flight connectivity and maritime solutions. Its government systems division supports secure, resilient communications for defense applications, leveraging advanced technologies like and high-throughput such as the constellation, which aims to deliver multi-gigabit capacities. A pivotal expansion occurred in May 2023 when Viasat completed its $7.3 billion acquisition of , a British satellite operator, enhancing its global reach in mobile services and integrating complementary L-band and S-band capabilities to bolster hybrid geostationary and low-Earth orbit offerings. Viasat has achieved notable milestones in satellite innovation, including the launch of its first ViaSat-3 satellite in 2023 from Florida's , marking progress toward a network designed for terabit-scale throughput to address growing data demands. However, it faced significant challenges, such as a deliberate on its KA-SAT network in on February 24, —the day of Russia's invasion of —which disrupted thousands of modems and access, later attributed by agencies to Russian actors aiming to impair communications in the region. With approximately 7,000 employees and annual revenues exceeding $4 billion as of recent fiscal years, Viasat continues to prioritize scalable connectivity amid competition from low-Earth orbit providers, emphasizing reliability for underserved markets and needs.

History

Founding and Early Development

Viasat, Inc. was founded in 1986 in , by Mark Dankberg, Mark Miller, and , all former executives at M/A-COM Linkabit, a San Diego-based manufacturer of ground terminals. The company initially operated from Dankberg's spare bedroom, focusing on providing engineering and proposal support to defense firms bidding on communication programs, later transitioning to subcontractor roles on awarded contracts. Dankberg served as chairman and , while Miller and Hart acted as co-chief technology officers, with Hart eventually becoming vice president of engineering. Securing two early defense contracts enabled Viasat to obtain $300,000 in funding from Ventures, which supported the development of its first product: a signal-to-noise device for the U.S. Army to test airborne radio performance. The firm achieved profitability within its second year, emphasizing specialized test equipment for military systems. Key early innovations included the 1990 release of the VTS-3000 test system for communications, followed by the 1991 UHF DAMA (Demand Assigned Multiple Access) network control system and the 1992 UHF DAMA modem, which enhanced secure data transmission for defense applications. Throughout the early , Viasat primarily served the U.S. defense sector, building expertise in high-capacity networking amid growing demand for reliable . By 1996, the company went public through an that raised approximately $20 million and secured a $10.9 million from the U.S. for DAMA network control stations, marking its transition toward broader scalability while maintaining a defense-oriented foundation. This period established Viasat's reputation for innovative, bandwidth-efficient technologies essential for government systems.

Expansion Through Technology and Acquisitions

Viasat's early expansion relied on pioneering advancements in satellite communication technologies, beginning with the development of the VTS-3000 SATCOM test system in 1990, followed by the first UHF DAMA system integrated into a network control framework in 1991. By 1994, the company introduced the VDC-100 advanced Data Controller, and in 1995 launched StarWire, its inaugural commercial networking system, which facilitated data transmission over encrypted channels and broadened applications beyond uses. These innovations, rooted in high-efficiency modulation and error correction techniques, enabled Viasat to scale from defense-focused products to versatile solutions, establishing a foundation for market diversification. Strategic acquisitions in the early further accelerated technological capabilities. In 2000, Viasat acquired the VSAT and Antenna Systems groups from Scientific-Atlanta, integrating specialized hardware expertise for deployments. The 2001 purchase of Labs from added advanced assets, including prototype technologies for satellite payloads and , enhancing Viasat's internal R&D pipeline. These moves bolstered proprietary IP in antenna design and network optimization, allowing Viasat to pursue higher-throughput systems amid growing demand for reliable remote connectivity. A pivotal expansion into consumer occurred with the 2009 acquisition of WildBlue Communications for $568 million, completed on December 15, 2009. This deal provided immediate access to approximately 400,000 Ka-band subscribers, $70-80 million in cash reserves, and transferable tax losses valued at $140 million, while advancing Viasat's entry into residential services by over a year. Complementing this, the 2011 launch of ViaSat-1, with 140 Gbps capacity—the highest for any commercial at the time—multiplied by over tenfold in covered areas, enabling the 2012 nationwide rollout of Exede high-speed plans up to 12 Mbps. Subsequent technological leaps included the 2017 deployment of ViaSat-2, which introduced software-defined payloads for dynamic bandwidth allocation and expanded coverage to , maritime, and government users with enhanced efficiency over prior generations. In 2020, Viasat acquired RigNet, Inc., a provider of managed networking for remote operations, integrating specialized applications in oil, gas, and maritime sectors to extend reach into industrial markets. These developments collectively transformed Viasat from a niche modulator supplier into a full-spectrum operator, with capacity expansions supporting sustained subscriber growth and diversified revenue streams.

Acquisition of Inmarsat and Integration

On November 8, 2021, Viasat announced its agreement to acquire , a British operator, in a cash-and-stock transaction valued at approximately $7.3 billion, comprising $3.9 billion in cash and stock plus $3.4 billion in assumed net debt, aimed at expanding Viasat's global capabilities across multiple orbits and markets including , maritime, and services. The deal faced extended regulatory scrutiny due to antitrust concerns in maritime and connectivity markets, with approvals from the Competition and Markets Authority in May 2023, the U.S. on May 19, 2023, and the on May 25, 2023, clearing the path for closure. The acquisition closed on May 30, 2023, with Viasat drawing down $1.35 billion from committed financing facilities to fund the transaction, integrating Inmarsat's assets including its L-band mobile services and geostationary fleet to form a hybrid multi-orbit network enhancing coverage for commercial mobility and defense applications. Post-closure integration focused on combining operations, with Viasat reporting progress ahead of schedule by November 2023, targeting $100 million in annual expense synergies primarily from FY2025 onward and total projected synergies of $1.4 billion to $1.5 billion, including capitalized efficiencies in procurement, IT systems, and overhead reduction. By mid-2024, one year after closure, Viasat leadership described the integration as yielding operational efficiencies and opportunities in segments, where the combined entity's diversified portfolio supports resilient communications amid geopolitical disruptions, though elevated levels from the deal contributed to a downgrade to 'B' by in January 2025, reflecting ongoing leverage risks despite cost-saving advancements. The merger has positioned Viasat to compete more effectively in , with Inmarsat's maritime and customer base complementing Viasat's Ka-band focus, though full revenue synergies remain contingent on network expansions like ViaSat-3.

Recent Developments and Contracts

In October 2025, Viasat received a prime contract from the U.S. Space Force under the Protected Tactical SATCOM-Global (PTS-G) program to enhance military satellite communications resilience, with the initial Delivery Order 1 focusing on maturing a dual-band X/Ka-band satellite and anchor station design. This award builds on Viasat's expertise in secure, high-throughput SATCOM for contested environments. Earlier in September 2025, Viasat was selected by the U.S. to develop an end-to-end space-based solution for securing sensitive data transmissions from assets, addressing vulnerabilities in orbital communications. In February 2025, the company secured its first task order under a 10-year indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity () contract with the to deliver low-Earth orbit (LEO) services, expanding access to proliferated constellations for tactical users. Viasat also advanced its satellite deployment with the arrival of the ViaSat-3 F2 spacecraft in in early October 2025, preparing for a late-month launch to bolster global high-capacity coverage. On the contracts front, December 2024 brought an award from the General Services Administration valued at up to $568 million for command, control, communications, computers, cyber, , , and (C5ISR) support to U.S. defense forces. Additionally, in August 2024, Viasat obtained a $153.5 million non-competitive for sustaining the Army's Force Tracker-2 system, enabling real-time tactical tracking. These agreements contributed to Viasat's upward revision of its fiscal 2025 revenue guidance, driven by growth in and defense sectors.

Business Segments

Commercial Broadband Services

Viasat's Commercial Broadband Services deliver satellite-based internet connectivity tailored for small and medium-sized businesses, emphasizing reliability in rural, remote, and underserved areas where terrestrial options are limited. These services leverage high-throughput Ka-band satellites to provide fixed broadband access across the United States, Canada, Europe, and other regions. Key offerings include tiered plans such as Business Connection 25, which supports download speeds up to 25 Mbps, upload speeds up to 3 Mbps, and 720 GB of priority high-speed before transitioning to unlimited but reduced speeds. Higher-tier options extend to 100 Mbps download speeds nationwide and up to 150 Mbps in select markets, with features like optimized VoIP prioritization, business-class hardware, and 24/7 support. The services utilize advanced modems, such as the CBM-400, which ensure bandwidth efficiency, , and for commercial applications including data transfer, access, and real-time communications. Coverage reaches approximately 96% of the U.S. , facilitating rapid deployment with professional installation for business operations in challenging environments. Fixed terminals enable high-speed delivery to enterprise sites, supporting scalable connectivity without reliance on ground . While effective for areas lacking alternatives, can be impacted by latency and data prioritization policies during peak usage.

Mobility and Enterprise Solutions

Viasat's mobility solutions deliver communications for and maritime sectors, enabling high-speed connectivity in remote or in-motion environments. In commercial , the company provides in-flight and operational services using Ka-band technology, with over 30 years of experience in supporting airlines for passenger and flight operations optimization. Business benefits from similar high-performance connectivity tailored for private and corporate flights, ensuring reliable access globally. For maritime applications, Viasat offers resilient links for vessel operations, supporting transmission, voice, and video communications even in adverse weather conditions. The company's advanced air mobility offerings extend to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and emerging aircraft, with the Velaris service providing dedicated satellite communications for beyond-visual-line-of-sight (BVLOS) operations, including command, control, navigation, and surveillance capabilities to enhance safety and regulatory compliance. These solutions integrate with Viasat's global network, bolstered by the May 2023 acquisition of , which added L-band spectrum for low-latency, weather-resilient coverage in mobility scenarios. Enterprise solutions focus on land-based commercial applications, particularly in and industries requiring robust, remote connectivity. In the sector, Viasat supplies managed communications for onshore and offshore operations, facilitating secure real-time monitoring, systems, and worker safety enhancements while reducing environmental impacts through efficient data handling. For and logistics, the solutions enable visibility and operational improvements via satellite-enabled IoT and in underserved areas. In September 2024, Viasat Enterprise introduced a restructured product portfolio to address satellite communication demands in commercial land sectors, emphasizing mission-critical reliability for , remote applications. These offerings prioritize integration with existing infrastructure to support , with a focus on sectors like utilities and where terrestrial networks fall short. Overall, mobility and enterprise segments leverage Viasat's hybrid network architecture, combining geostationary and low-Earth orbit satellites for scalable, high-throughput performance.

Government and Defense Systems

Viasat's Government Systems segment delivers secure, resilient communications solutions tailored for and applications, including satellite communications (SATCOM), tactical networking, and cybersecurity across air, land, sea, cyber, and domains. The division traces its origins to the company's founding focus on U.S. products and has provided defense support for over 40 years, emphasizing and mission-critical connectivity. Core technologies include SATCOM modems and waveforms compliant with DoD MIL-STD and NATO standards for high-bandwidth efficiency, enabling real-time secure mobile communications for warfighters' situational awareness. Viasat offers antenna systems and terminals sized from 12 to 30 inches for fixed-wing, rotary-wing, and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) platforms, alongside software-defined networking like NetAgility for dynamic routing in hybrid commercial-military space architectures. Solutions such as Mobile Dynamic Defense (MDD) address tactical enterprise demands, while interoperability features support Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) to integrate data across military services. Major contracts underscore Viasat's role in defense SATCOM. In December 2024, the company secured an indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity () contract valued up to $568 million from the General Services Administration to enhance command, control, communications, computers, cyber, , , and (C5ISR) for U.S. forces. In August 2024, Viasat received a $153.5 million non-competitive for Army Blue Force Tracker-2 (BFT2) sustainment. The U.S. awarded Viasat a in October 2025 for the Protected Tactical SATCOM-Global (PTS-G) program, positioning the firm for potential end-to-end satellite manufacturing with initial launches projected for 2028. Additional awards include a December 2024 selection for resilient network orchestration in Replicator autonomous systems and an August 2025 task to support DoD's hybrid space network. Viasat is expanding into military-specific satellite production to leverage its commercial portfolio for U.S. defense needs.

Technology and Infrastructure

Satellite Fleet and Capabilities

Viasat operates a fleet of geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) high-throughput satellites (HTS) primarily utilizing Ka-band frequencies to deliver connectivity, with capabilities centered on high data rates, spot-beam architecture for efficient reuse, and dynamic capacity reallocation to meet variable demand across coverage areas. The core fleet includes the pioneering ViaSat-1 and ViaSat-2 satellites, supplemented by the advanced constellation, which collectively enable global-scale services for residential, , maritime, and government users. These satellites employ phased-array antennas and digital processing to support user speeds exceeding 100 Mbps, with network-level throughputs scaling from hundreds of gigabits per second (Gbps) in earlier models to over 1 terabit per second (Tbps) in the latest. ViaSat-1, launched on October 19, 2011, aboard an rocket, marked an early breakthrough in Ka-band HTS technology by dividing coverage into hundreds of narrow spot beams, achieving approximately 140 Gbps of total capacity focused on . This satellite facilitated Viasat's initial expansion in fixed services, leveraging high-efficiency modulation and error correction to serve remote areas underserved by terrestrial networks. ViaSat-2, launched on September 19, 2017, via , extended operations to , the , and parts of , roughly doubling predecessor capacities through enhanced onboard processing and larger solar arrays for sustained power. Both satellites incorporate secure networking features tailored for defense applications, including anti-jam capabilities and encrypted links. The ViaSat-3 class represents a generational leap, with each satellite engineered by on the 702X platform to exceed 1 Tbps of throughput—enabling terabit-scale global when fully deployed. F1 (), launched July 29, 2023, on a , completed in-orbit testing and entered revenue service in mid-2024, providing flexible, high-density coverage over the with rapid beam reconfiguration for peak-hour surges. F2, also targeting expansion, arrived at in September 2025 and is slated for launch no earlier than November 3, 2025, aboard a 551, with service anticipated in early 2026 to more than double overall bandwidth. The constellation's design emphasizes resilience, including radiation-hardened components and software-defined payloads for over-the-air updates, supporting multi-gigabit enterprise links and mobility services. Supplementary Ku-band assets, such as legacy partnerships on like Anik F2 (launched 2004), provide hybrid coverage for transitional or low-latency needs. To augment GEO limitations like propagation delays, Viasat pursues a multi-orbit strategy, integrating LEO Ka-band capacity via agreements such as the April 2025 deal with Lightspeed, which adds low-latency options for hybrid networks without replacing core GEO . This approach enhances end-to-end capabilities, including seamless handoffs between orbits for applications demanding sub-100 ms latency, while maintaining GEO's advantages in wide-area, persistent coverage.

Network Architecture and Security Features

Viasat's primarily utilizes a bent-pipe spot-beam design, in which user terminals transmit signals to geostationary satellites that retransmit them to designated gateway earth stations within specific geographic spot beams, enabling efficient bandwidth allocation across coverage areas. Ground-based elements include subscriber terminals comprising antennas and modems, along with gateway earth stations connected via fiber optic backhaul to terrestrial networks and the , facilitating data routing from end-users through satellites to broader IP infrastructures. Traffic from terminals is associated with a single spot beam, sharing fixed channel bandwidth, with gateways handling processing and interconnection to external networks. To enhance flexibility and resilience, Viasat employs the Hybrid Adaptive Network (HAN), which integrates multiple orbital layers—such as geostationary (GEO), medium Earth orbit (MEO), and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites—alongside terrestrial elements into a multi-layered, software-defined system. HAN leverages multi-mode user terminals capable of operating across bands and protocols, coupled with automated intelligent routing that dynamically assigns connections based on mission requirements, geography, economics, and operational tempo, supported by open standard interfaces for interoperability. This architecture supports scalable, multi-network, and multi-band operations, as exemplified by the ViaSat-3 satellites' high-capacity Ka-band capabilities, which contribute to an open framework for global connectivity. Security features are embedded via Type 1 end-to-end encryption to protect data across space and ground segments, ensuring compliance with high-assurance standards for government and defense applications. Viasat deploys specialized network encryptors, including the KG-250X series for low-size, weight, and power (SWaP) 200 Mbps IP encryption up to Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information (TS/SCI) levels, the KG-255X for rugged inline protection, and satellite-specific units like the KGR-42 for securing telemetry, tracking, and command (TT&C) links. Cybersecurity operations incorporate big data analytics and machine learning for signature-based and behavior-anomaly detection, analyzing over 50 terabytes of metadata and 150 billion events daily to provide 360-degree situational awareness and preempt threats. Additional measures include deep-packet inspection at gateways to block high-risk TCP/UDP ports and unlawful traffic, alongside managed detection services and remote network management systems like VINE for oversight of encryption devices. These elements reflect a "security by design" principle, prioritizing resilience in hybrid environments.

Cybersecurity Incidents

2022 KA-SAT Network Attack

On February 24, 2022, at approximately 0302 UTC, a destructive cyberattack targeted Viasat's KA-SAT satellite network, coinciding with the onset of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The assault focused on the ground segment, exploiting a misconfigured VPN appliance to gain unauthorized access to the network management infrastructure, from which attackers issued commands to overwhelm and disable SurfBeam2/2+ modems via the VIA access control software. This involved deploying a wiper malware variant known as AcidRain, an ELF binary tailored for MIPS architecture devices, which recursively deleted filesystem contents, overwrote flash storage using device-specific IOCTL commands, and triggered reboots, rendering affected modems inoperable without fully bricking them or compromising satellite hardware or user data. The malware exhibited technical overlaps with prior Russian-linked tools, such as the destructive plugin in the 2018 VPNFilter operation, including shared methods for storage manipulation on embedded systems. The attack primarily struck the consumer-oriented partition of the KA-SAT network, used for Tooway services, but spillover effects disrupted Ukrainian command-and-control communications reliant on the same , hindering coordination in the invasion's initial hours. In , several thousand modems failed, while tens of thousands across experienced outages, including remote monitoring loss for approximately 5,800 Enercon wind turbines in . No proprietary end-user data was exfiltrated, and the itself remained unaffected, underscoring the vulnerability of user terminals and management networks in communications rather than orbital assets. Attribution points to Russian state-sponsored actors, specifically Unit 74455 (also known as Sandworm), based on tactics, techniques, and procedures matching prior operations like NotPetya and VPNFilter, as assessed by U.S. agencies including CISA and NSA, alongside allied intelligence and cybersecurity analyses. Viasat responded by isolating affected segments within hours, restoring core services over subsequent days through manual interventions and shipping around 30,000 replacement modems to impacted users. The company collaborated with for forensic investigation, /Skylogic partners, and U.S. and European authorities, leading to enhanced network segmentation and access controls; investigations into the breach's full scope continued into 2022. This incident highlighted systemic risks in satellite operator supply chains and prompted U.S. guidance on securing VSAT endpoints against similar destructive campaigns.

2024 Salt Typhoon Breach

In 2024, Viasat became a victim of the Salt Typhoon cyber-espionage campaign, attributed by U.S. officials and cybersecurity analysts to Chinese state-sponsored actors seeking access to infrastructure for purposes. The intrusion occurred amid a wider series of breaches targeting U.S. telecom firms during the cycle, allowing hackers to potentially intercept call records, metadata, and wiretap data from downstream customers, including officials. Chinese authorities have denied involvement, characterizing U.S. claims as . Attackers exploited CVE-2023-20198, a critical vulnerability (CVSS score 10.0) in Cisco IOS XE software enabling unauthenticated remote code execution and privilege escalation on unpatched routers and network devices. This zero-day flaw, disclosed on October 16, 2023, permitted the creation of level-15 administrator accounts, configuration of GRE tunnels for persistent access, and implantation of backdoors, with some intrusions lasting over three years in affected networks. For Viasat, initial access stemmed from a compromised device, broadening the campaign's reach to satellite communications beyond terrestrial providers like AT&T, Verizon, and Lumen. Viasat detected the breach through internal monitoring and third-party investigation, confirming no evidence of or service disruption. The company remediated the access points, eliminated persistence mechanisms, and collaborated with U.S. government agencies, reporting no ongoing activity as of mid-2025. operators like Viasat face heightened risks due to limited endpoint detection on remote network appliances, underscoring vulnerabilities in global connectivity for collection.

Impact and Reception

Achievements in Connectivity and Defense

Viasat has advanced satellite connectivity through its , which features ultra-high-capacity payloads capable of delivering up to 1 terabit per second of throughput per satellite, enabling dynamic bandwidth allocation to meet variable in remote and underserved regions. The launch of from NASA's in May 2023 marked a milestone in global expansion, supporting high-speed for , maritime, and fixed-site applications across the . This innovation builds on Viasat's (HTS) technology, which has increased effective capacity by orders of magnitude compared to traditional geostationary satellites, facilitating reliable IoT connectivity in areas lacking terrestrial . In defense applications, Viasat's systems have secured major U.S. government contracts underscoring their role in resilient communications. The company received a $568 million indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity (IDIQ) contract from the General Services Administration in December 2024 to enhance command, control, communications, computers, cyber, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C5ISR) capabilities for the Department of Defense, integrating advanced encryption and multi-orbit integration for secure data transmission. Additionally, Viasat was awarded a spot on NASA's $4.8 billion Near Space Network Services contract in January 2025, providing integrated relay and tracking services with AI-driven ground advancements for space missions. Viasat's defense connectivity solutions, including the High-Speed Airborne (HSA) and Multifunction Integrated SATCOM User Capability (MUSIC) terminals, earned Mobile Satellite Users Association (MSUA) in April 2025 for enabling secure, jam-resistant SATCOM in contested environments. These achievements extend to tactical systems, such as a $33.6 million U.S. contract in September 2024 for developing advanced phased-array antennas on , improving beyond-line-of-sight communications. In parallel, Viasat's Protected Tactical SATCOM Gateway (PTSG) prototype supports the U.S. Space Force's secure waveform processing, selected under a multi-award in October 2025 to counter electronic warfare threats. These contracts reflect Viasat's emphasis on anti-jam and low-probability-of-intercept technologies, vital for operational superiority in defense scenarios.

Criticisms, Challenges, and Regulatory Scrutiny

Viasat has encountered substantial operational hurdles with its high-capacity satellite program, intended to bolster global capabilities. The inaugural Americas satellite, launched on May 30, 2023, via a rocket, suffered a critical antenna deployment failure shortly after reaching , restricting its usable capacity to approximately 10% of planned levels and postponing full commercial operations. This anomaly prompted Viasat to explore a potential $420 million recovery while engineers worked on mitigation, though full resolution remains uncertain. Subsequent units faced launch delays due to manufacturing and integration issues compounded by supplier constraints; ViaSat-3 F2's deployment shifted to October 2025, and ViaSat-3 F3 to early-to-mid 2026, straining capital expenditures and hindering revenue growth from expanded capacity. These technical setbacks have exacerbated financial challenges, including a contraction in U.S. fixed subscribers amid intensifying competition from low-Earth orbit providers like . Viasat's experienced volatility, with sharp declines following disclosures of the issues and broader market pressures on operators. Analysts have highlighted risks of over-reliance on legacy geostationary , high debt from acquisitions, and execution delays as factors potentially positioning the company as a value trap despite strategic pivots toward mobility and defense segments. Customer dissatisfaction with Viasat's residential broadband has been widespread, centering on unreliable service, throttled "unlimited" plans, and contentious billing practices. Consumer reviews frequently cite download speeds falling short of advertised rates—often below 25 Mbps during peak hours—and frequent outages due to weather interference or , with over 1,300 complaints logged on platforms aggregating user feedback. The has recorded hundreds of unresolved disputes involving early termination fees, unreturned equipment deposits, and inadequate support response times, reflecting systemic issues in a market where alternatives lag behind or options. Regulatory scrutiny has intensified around Viasat's competitive tactics and mergers. The 2023 $7.3 billion acquisition of triggered in-depth probes by the and UK Competition and Markets Authority over risks to in-flight connectivity , though both granted unconditional clearances after assessing no significant effects. Viasat petitioned the FCC in 2021 to suspend 's launches at lower altitudes, alleging insufficient review of orbital debris and interference risks under NEPA; the D.C. Circuit dismissed the challenge in 2022, affirming FCC authority. Rival countered by urging regulators to block the deal, claiming Viasat breached FCC licensing terms through unauthorized spectrum use, though the FCC cleared the transaction following investigation. Viasat has also opposed FCC subsidies for rural broadband, arguing technical superiority of its offerings in petitions and public comments.

References

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