Yamaha XV250

The Yamaha XV250, known historically as the Virago 250 in markets including Europe and Japan, and currently as the V Star 250 in North America, is a lightweight entry-level cruiser motorcycle produced by Yamaha Motor Company since its debut in 1988.^[1][2] It features a 249 cc air-cooled SOHC 60-degree V-twin engine delivering approximately 21 horsepower, paired with a five-speed transmission and chain final drive, emphasizing smooth low-end torque and ease of handling for novice riders.^[3][4] With a low seat height of 27 inches (686 mm), a wet weight around 324 pounds (147 kg), and classic cruiser styling including a teardrop fuel tank and wire-spoke wheels, the XV250 has remained a popular choice for beginners and urban commuters due to its reliability, fuel efficiency of about 78 mpg, and affordable pricing starting under $5,000 in recent models.^[3][5] As of 2025, it remains in production primarily for the North American market as the V Star 250.^[6] Introduced as part of Yamaha's Virago series to expand the brand's cruiser lineup for smaller-displacement riders, the XV250 built on the success of larger models like the XV750 by incorporating a compact V-twin design derived from the series' proven architecture, along with features such as a hydraulic front disc brake and dual rear shocks with preload adjustment.^[1][2] Over its production run, the model has seen minor updates, including carburetor refinements and cosmetic changes, but has maintained its core mechanical layout, with the 2025 V Star 250 version confirming its ongoing availability as a current-production bike.^[6][5] Its enduring appeal lies in blending retro aesthetics with practical performance, making it a staple in Yamaha's entry-level offerings and a frequent recommendation for rider training programs.^[7]

Introduction

Model Overview

The Yamaha XV250 is a lightweight, air-cooled 249 cc V-twin cruiser motorcycle designed for beginner riders and urban commuting, offering easy handling and low maintenance costs.^[5] As Yamaha's smallest V-twin cruiser, it combines classic styling elements like a low-slung seat and teardrop fuel tank with reliable performance suitable for short-distance travel and skill-building.^[8] Launched in 1988, the model has enjoyed continuous production, spanning over 35 years as of 2025 and establishing it as a staple in Yamaha's entry-level cruiser segment.^[8][5] It debuted as an affordable option positioned below larger cruisers like the XV1100 Virago, appealing to riders seeking an accessible introduction to V-twin power without overwhelming size or complexity.^[9]

Naming and Market Positioning

The Yamaha XV250 has undergone several name changes across different markets and production periods to align with regional branding strategies. Initially introduced in the United States as the Route 66 from 1988 to 1990, it was marketed under the Virago 250 name globally starting in 1988, with a brief hiatus in the U.S. before its return there as the Virago in 1995, continuing until 2007. In some Asian and European markets, it was known as the DragStar 250 (XVS250) starting around 2000 during overlapping periods.^[10] From 2008 onward in North America, the model was rebranded as the V Star 250 to integrate it into Yamaha's broader V Star cruiser lineup, emphasizing a unified family of American-style motorcycles.^[11][12] Positioned as an entry-level cruiser, the XV250 targets novice riders seeking an accessible introduction to the cruiser style, with features like a low seat height of approximately 686 mm (27 inches) and a lightweight curb weight of around 147 kg (324 lb) that enhance maneuverability and confidence for beginners. Its affordability, with historical MSRP ranging from $3,000 to $5,000 USD, further supports its role as a budget-friendly option for urban commuters and those pursuing short-distance rides without demanding high power outputs. The design evokes classic American cruiser aesthetics, such as a low-slung profile and V-twin engine styling, appealing to riders who desire stylistic appeal over performance intensity.^[13][6] Demographically, the model caters primarily to beginner riders, urban dwellers needing practical daily transport, and casual cruisers interested in relaxed, low-maintenance riding. Regional variations in naming reflect market preferences: the Virago designation saw strong adoption in Japan and Europe for its established cruiser heritage, while the U.S. rebranding to V Star 250 aimed to broaden appeal within Yamaha's domestic cruiser portfolio, boosting sales alignment with larger models.^[14]

History and Development

Origins and Early Production (1988-1994)

The Yamaha XV250 was introduced in 1988 as part of Yamaha's Virago cruiser lineup, designed to provide an entry-level V-twin motorcycle that captured the essence of American cruising culture.^[15] Inspired by the iconic U.S. Route 66 highway, which symbolized freedom and adventure, the model aimed to appeal to novice riders seeking a lightweight, nostalgic alternative to larger cruisers amid the post-1980s surge in beginner-friendly motorcycles.^[15][16] Development focused on scaling down the Virago series' established V-twin architecture to a 249cc air-cooled engine, mimicking the styling and riding position of bigger American-style bikes while prioritizing ease of handling for urban commuting and short tours.^[15][1] Launched in 1988 for North American and European markets at a price of $2,299 in the U.S. and ¥229,000 in Japan, the initial XV250 was marketed under the "Route 66" name in the United States to emphasize its thematic ties to Americana.^[15][1][17] The debut model featured a teardrop-shaped fuel tank, prominent chrome accents on the engine fins and exhaust, basic analog instrumentation, and a 5-speed transmission, with a low 27-inch seat height and 328-pound wet weight to enhance accessibility.^[15][16] Early production from 1988 to 1990 emphasized U.S.-centric styling with the Route 66 branding, including forward footpegs and a wide, soft solo seat for a relaxed posture.^[17] Introduced in 1988 in Japan as the Virago 250, with minor refinements such as improved rear shock adjustability for better ergonomics on varied road conditions.^[16][1] Through 1994, the first-generation model maintained core design stability, with no major mechanical overhauls but subtle updates to wiring and instrumentation for enhanced reliability in international markets.^[2] Initial market reception highlighted the XV250's strengths in reliability and low-maintenance operation, making it a popular choice for beginners in the growing entry-level cruiser segment.^[16] Contemporary reviews praised its peppy low-end power for city riding and smooth clutch action, though noted vibrations at highway speeds as a limitation for longer trips.^[15] The model's simple construction and durable chain drive contributed to its reputation as a dependable daily rider, filling a niche for affordable cruisers post the Harley-Davidson revival of the 1980s.^[16][2]

Virago Era and Updates (1995-2007)

The Yamaha XV250 Virago continued production through the mid-1990s with a focus on refinement for entry-level riders, maintaining its core air-cooled V-twin engine and cruiser styling while receiving minor enhancements to electronics and ergonomics for improved usability. In markets like the UK and Europe, the model was formally launched in 1995 as a smaller sibling to larger Virago variants, emphasizing its low seat height of 27 inches and lightweight design at 324 pounds (147 kg) for easy handling in urban commuting scenarios.^[9] Over the subsequent years, updates were iterative rather than revolutionary, with refinements to the carburetor system in later models contributing to smoother throttle response and better low-speed performance, alongside options for aftermarket accessories like windshields to enhance touring comfort. By the early 2000s, features such as improved wiring harnesses supported more reliable electrical systems, and the bike's fuel efficiency averaged around 65 mpg (approximately 28 km/L), making it particularly popular for daily commuting in Europe and Japan where its 9.5-liter tank provided practical range without frequent refueling.^[9][18] Production during this era underscored the model's longevity, with consistent availability reflecting steady demand in the lightweight cruiser segment, though exact annual figures are not publicly detailed. The Virago 250 faced direct competition from the Honda Rebel 250, a similarly sized parallel-twin cruiser noted for its simplicity and lower price point, yet the Yamaha distinguished itself through its V-twin torque delivery and chain drive for low-maintenance ownership.^[19] Yamaha's engineering emphasis on durability resulted in high owner satisfaction, with reliability ratings of 5 out of 5 from users and minimal reported issues, contributing to low recall rates during the period and strong retention of used market value—models from the mid-2000s often commanding $2,000 to $3,500 depending on condition.^[9]

Rebranding to V Star 250 (2008-Present)

In 2008, Yamaha rebranded the XV250 from its previous Virago designation to the V Star 250 specifically for the North American market, aiming to integrate it more seamlessly into the company's established V Star cruiser family. This shift emphasized a unified branding strategy for entry-level cruisers, highlighting the model's V-twin heritage while maintaining its core mechanical design unchanged. Cosmetic enhancements accompanied the rebranding, including updated badging, matte black engine finishes, and subtle styling tweaks to align with the broader V Star aesthetic, enhancing its visual appeal without altering performance fundamentals.^[20][21] Following the rebranding, Yamaha introduced minor refinements to improve usability and compliance. In 2012, the model received a drag-style straight handlebar replacement for the previous buckhorn design, promoting a more relaxed riding position and modern cruiser ergonomics, alongside a switch from glass to mini blade fuses for easier maintenance. The 2020 model year saw no significant mechanical updates, though Yamaha's overall production faced temporary disruptions due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, affecting supply chains across its motorcycle lineup before resuming normal operations. These changes kept the V Star 250 focused on its role as an accessible, low-maintenance option for novice riders.^[22][23] As of 2025, the V Star 250 remains in active production, continuing its legacy as an affordable entry-level cruiser with an MSRP of $4,799 USD, reflecting only incremental pricing adjustments over recent years. Its lightweight construction, low 27-inch seat height, and smooth V-twin power delivery have made it a staple in rider training programs, such as those offered by the Motorcycle Safety Foundation (MSF), where it is frequently used for its forgiving handling and stability for beginners. Globally, the model sustains steady demand among new riders and urban commuters, supported by Yamaha's commitment to long-term parts availability for its enduring platform. No major redesign has been announced, underscoring the bike's proven reliability and minimal need for overhaul in its niche.^[6][24][25]

Design and Engineering

Engine and Drivetrain

The Yamaha XV250 features an air-cooled, single overhead camshaft (SOHC), 60-degree V-twin engine with a displacement of 249 cc, designed for reliable low- to mid-range performance in a lightweight cruiser package. The engine employs a long-stroke configuration with a bore of 49 mm and stroke of 66 mm, achieving a compression ratio of 10:1, and uses a Mikuni 26 mm carburetor for fuel delivery across all standard models.^[3][26] The drivetrain consists of a 5-speed constant-mesh transmission paired with a multiplate wet clutch, ensuring smooth gear shifts suitable for novice riders, and a chain final drive with a stock 16/45 sprocket ratio that balances acceleration and cruising efficiency.^[3][27] This powerplant delivers 21 hp at 8,000 rpm and 21.6 Nm of torque at 6,000 rpm, emphasizing torquey low-end response for effortless city navigation and moderate highway use, with inherent V-twin balance and rubber-isolated engine mounts contributing to reduced vibration.^[18][28] Routine maintenance is straightforward, requiring 1.6 L of 10W-40 engine oil during changes with filter replacement, valve clearance adjustments every 7,000 km to maintain optimal performance, and the engine's robust construction supports longevity beyond 50,000 km with proper care.^[29][30][31]

Chassis, Suspension, and Brakes

The Yamaha XV250, marketed as the V Star 250 in North America, utilizes a double-cradle steel frame made from high-tensile tubes, which ensures structural rigidity and contributes to the motorcycle's low seat height of 685 mm for enhanced stability during low-speed maneuvers and cruising.^[32] This frame design supports a wheelbase of 1,491 mm (58.7 in), paired with a 32-degree rake and 119 mm (4.7 in) trail, delivering the characteristic cruiser handling that prioritizes straight-line composure over aggressive cornering.^[5] The suspension setup emphasizes comfort for entry-level riders and urban commuting. Up front, 33 mm telescopic forks provide 140 mm (5.5 in) of travel, absorbing minor road imperfections effectively while maintaining straightforward geometry.^[3] The rear features dual shocks with adjustable preload, offering 99 mm (3.9 in) of travel to accommodate varying rider weights and loads, resulting in a plush ride quality suited to pothole-strewn streets without excessive dive under braking.^[3] For braking, a single 282 mm hydraulic disc at the front, equipped with a single-piston caliper, works in tandem with a 130 mm rear drum brake to provide progressive and reliable stopping performance appropriate for the bike's 147 kg curb weight and modest speeds.^[3] Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is not standard or optional on any variant, keeping the system simple and cost-effective for beginners.^[33] The frame's steel construction is engineered for durability, with routine inspections recommended as part of the manufacturer's 7,000 km maintenance interval to preserve ride quality over time.^[34]

Ergonomics and Styling

The Yamaha XV250 features a low seat height of 685 mm, enabling most riders to flat-foot comfortably at stops and enhancing accessibility for beginners and shorter individuals.^[18] Forward-mounted foot controls and a drag-style handlebar promote a relaxed, upright riding posture typical of cruiser motorcycles, reducing strain during casual commuting.^[26] This ergonomic setup prioritizes ease of handling over aggressive sport positioning, making it suitable for urban navigation and light touring. The bike's styling embodies classic cruiser aesthetics, highlighted by a round halogen headlight, teardrop-shaped 9.5-liter fuel tank, and bobbed rear fender that contribute to its compact, nostalgic profile.^[35] Chrome accents on the engine guards and kickstand add visual polish, accentuating the V-twin engine's exposed elements for a timeless, American-inspired look. Color schemes have evolved over the model's lifespan, starting with black and silver combinations in the 1988 debut and progressing to options like pearl white and midnight black in contemporary versions.^[36] Comfort is supported by a padded solo seat that can be upgraded with a two-up configuration for passengers, providing adequate cushioning for short to medium rides.^[37] An optional windscreen is available to mitigate wind fatigue, while the engine's design incorporates vibration isolation measures, allowing comfortable travel for distances up to 200 km without excessive numbness in hands or feet.^[38] The 2008 rebranding to V Star 250 introduced retro pinstriping along the tank and fenders, enhancing its vintage appeal while maintaining the core silhouette. By 2015, subtle modernizations included updated instrumentation accents, blending heritage styling with improved visibility without compromising the traditional lines.^[38]

Specifications

Core Engine Specifications

The Yamaha XV250 features a 249cc displacement engine.^[3] Its configuration is an air-cooled SOHC 60° V-twin with 2 valves per cylinder.^[3] The bore and stroke dimensions are 49.0 mm x 66.0 mm.^[3] The compression ratio is 10.0:1.^[3] The fuel system utilizes a Mikuni BDS26 carburetor, paired with TCI digital ignition.^[3] Cooling is provided by an air-cooled system with finned cylinders.^[3]

Dimensions and Capacities

The Yamaha XV250 features compact dimensions suited for urban riding and beginner accessibility, with an overall length of 2,190 mm, width of 710 mm, and height of 1,060 mm.^[3] These measurements contribute to a maneuverable profile, while the seat height of 686 mm and ground clearance of 145 mm enhance low-speed handling and stability for shorter riders.^[35] The wheelbase measures 1,490 mm, providing a balanced stance with a minimum turning radius of approximately 2.8 m.^[39] In terms of weight, the motorcycle has a dry weight of 137 kg and a wet weight of 147 kg when fully fueled and oiled.^[18] Fuel capacity stands at 9.5 L, supporting extended rides with efficient consumption, while the engine oil capacity is 1.4 L for routine changes.^[40] Tire specifications include a front size of 3.00-18 and rear of 130/90-15, optimizing grip and ride comfort on paved surfaces.^[13] These attributes underscore the XV250's lightweight and space-efficient design, which aligns with ergonomic benefits for novice operators as noted in broader styling discussions.^[3]

Performance Metrics

The Yamaha XV250 produces a peak output of 21 horsepower (15.6 kW) at 8,000 rpm, with maximum torque of 15.9 pound-feet (21.6 Nm) at 6,000 rpm.^[9][18] Claimed top speed for the model reaches 137 km/h (85 mph), though tested figures indicate approximately 136 km/h under optimal conditions. Acceleration from a standstill to 100 km/h requires about 12 seconds, reflecting its entry-level cruiser character suitable for urban and light highway use.^[18][41] Fuel efficiency stands at an estimated 78 mpg US (3.0 L/100 km) in combined riding, enabling a practical range of around 300 km from the 9.5-liter fuel tank, though real-world consumption can vary to 3.0-3.5 L/100 km (56-67 mpg US) depending on conditions and rider habits.^[3][9] Braking performance includes a 60-0 km/h stopping distance of 14.9 meters, aided by front disc and rear drum setup. In drag tests, the XV250 completes the quarter-mile in approximately 17 seconds at 121 km/h.^[18]

Variants

Standard Market Variants

The Yamaha XV250, known variably by market-specific branding, featured subtle regional adaptations in its standard consumer models, primarily in instrumentation, emissions compliance, and optional accessories, without significant mechanical divergences. In the United States, the model debuted as the Route 66 from 1988 to 1990, presented as a basic entry-level cruiser with analog speedometer and tachometer gauges integrated into the teardrop-shaped fuel tank, and no factory fairing for a minimalist bobber-style appearance.^[15] This trim emphasized lightweight handling at 328 pounds wet weight and a low 27-inch seat height, targeting novice riders with its simple, unadorned setup.^[15] Across Europe and Japan, the XV250 was marketed as the Virago from 1988 to 2007, incorporating metric-unit instrumentation such as kilometer-per-hour speed readouts to align with regional regulations, alongside optional factory-approved luggage racks for enhanced practicality on longer rides.^[2] These variants retained the core air-cooled 249cc V-twin engine and wire-spoke wheels but adapted minor cosmetic elements, like dual chromed exhausts, for local aesthetic preferences. Following the 2008 rebranding in North America to the V Star 250, which continues production to the present as of 2025 with no major mechanical changes, standard models received refreshed graphics on the fuel tank and side covers for a more contemporary cruiser look, while maintaining the same 249cc powerplant.^[21][5] A California-specific variant, compliant with stricter emissions standards, has a slightly reduced fuel capacity of 2.4 gallons compared to the 2.5-gallon standard model and an increased wet weight of 326 pounds.^[3] Minor trim distinctions emerged in the 2000s, with base models offering essential features and deluxe options adding a passenger backrest and highway crash bars for improved comfort and protection, though these did not alter the underlying drivetrain or chassis.^[42] Overall, no major mechanical variants existed across standard markets, ensuring consistent reliability and performance.

Special and Police Models

The Yamaha XV250 inspired several limited-edition variants, primarily distinguished by cosmetic enhancements rather than mechanical changes. The Route 66, introduced in 1988 for the U.S. market, featured Route 66-themed custom paint schemes, chrome accents, and badging to evoke the iconic American highway.^[15] This version maintained the standard 249cc V-twin engine but emphasized styling for cruiser enthusiasts, with a suggested retail price of $2,299 at launch.^[15] Today, well-preserved examples are valued around $1,900 in concours condition, reflecting their collectible appeal.^[43] In select markets, particularly Japan, Yamaha offered the DragStar 250 Classic edition during the 2000s and into the 2010s as a retro-styled variant of the XV250 lineup. Released as the XVS250 DragStar starting around 2001, it incorporated classic wire-spoke wheels, vintage-inspired fenders, and polished chrome finishes to enhance its nostalgic cruiser aesthetic, paired with the familiar air-cooled 250cc V-twin engine delivering smooth low-to-mid-range torque.^[44] This model was tailored for the Japanese domestic market, emphasizing heritage design without significant powertrain alterations from the base XV250. No exclusive custom editions were produced for the U.S. market beyond aftermarket dealer modifications. The XV250P represents Yamaha's dedicated police variant, developed for law enforcement applications in Asian markets, including Japan. Introduced in the 1990s, this model features a robust 249cc four-stroke OHC V-twin engine optimized for low-to-mid-speed torque and fuel efficiency, making it suitable for urban patrol duties.^[45] It includes reinforced components for durability under demanding service conditions and provisions for mounting police equipment such as sirens and lights.^[46] The XV250P was utilized by Japanese police forces through the 2010s, valued for its reliability and ease of maintenance in fleet operations.^[47] Police-spec XV250P models are scarce on the secondary market due to their specialized use and limited civilian release, often commanding premiums of 20-30% over standard XV250 variants in regions where they appear for sale.^[48] Their rarity stems from institutional procurement and decommissioning practices, positioning them as sought-after items among collectors of official or modified cruisers.