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Alina Habba
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Alina Habba
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Alina Saad Habba (born March 25, 1984) is an American lawyer and political advisor who was named acting United States attorney for the District of New Jersey in July 2025, having previously served in an interim capacity from March 2025. Her July appointment was ruled unlawful in August 2025 and the ruling was upheld on appeal in December 2025.[5][6] She announced she was resigning from the post on December 8, 2025.[7] A member of the Republican Party, she previously served as a counselor to the president from January to March 2025.

Key Information

From 2021 to 2025, Habba served as a legal spokesperson for President Donald Trump, and as a senior advisor for MAGA, Inc., Trump's super PAC.[8][9] She has been sanctioned by courts for filing frivolous lawsuits on behalf of Trump.[10][11] She is also a managing partner of Habba, Madaio & Associates, a law firm based in Bedminster, New Jersey, with an office in New York City.[12]

Early life and education

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Habba and her two siblings were born in Summit, New Jersey. Their parents were Chaldean Catholics who emigrated from Iraq to the United States in the early 1980s to escape persecution in their home country.[13][14] Her father, Saad F. Habba, is a gastroenterologist.[15] Habba graduated from Kent Place School in 2002. She attended Lehigh University, graduating in 2005 with a bachelor's degree in political science.[15][16]

Between 2005 and 2007, Habba worked in the fashion industry in accessories production and marketing with executives at Marc Jacobs. According to her, though she enjoyed the fashion industry, she decided to attend law school for financial reasons.[15] She obtained a Juris Doctor from the Widener University Commonwealth Law School in 2010.[17][18]

Career

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After finishing law school, Habba was a law clerk to Eugene J. Codey Jr., then-presiding judge of the Civil Superior Court in Essex County, New Jersey, from 2010 to 2011.[19][20] Habba began private practice in September 2011, when she joined as an associate at Tompkins, McGuire, Wachenfeld & Barry, LLP, where she worked from September 2011 to February 2013. From February 2013 to March 2020, she was an equity partner and the managing partner of Sandelands Eyet LLP, a seven-attorney firm formed by her then-husband in 2013.[21][22][23] In March 2020, Habba left to start her own firm. The firm, Habba, Madaio and Associates LLP, employs five people.[15] Along with the firm's Bedminster, New Jersey office, Habba has an office in Manhattan.[24][25]

Habba is licensed to practice law in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut.[19][26] She has served as lead counsel for three cases, including a federal class action suit against a New Jersey nursing home accused of various negligent acts and consumer fraud violations.[24] Habba has also held the position of general counsel for her second husband's parking garage company.[24] She has represented clients in various legal cases including a student seeking a refund for college tuition after University of Bridgeport moved classes to an online format.[27][28]

In July 2021, Habba represented Siggy Flicker, a former member of The Real Housewives of New Jersey who alleged that Facebook had disabled her account for wishing Melania Trump a happy birthday.[24][29][30] Habba wrote a letter to Facebook, which Facebook appeared to ignore.[31] Also in July 2021, Habba represented Caesar DePaço, a vitamin supplement entrepreneur, in a federal court case where she filed a lawsuit against Portuguese journalists for revealing his close connections to the far-right Chega party in Portugal.[32][33]

Work as Trump's attorney

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2021

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In 2019, Habba joined the Trump National Golf Club Bedminster in New Jersey, which is an eight-minute drive from her law firm, that she formed in 2020.[15][32][34] There, she and Donald Trump became acquainted.[15][34]

In a lawsuit filed in December 2023 aimed at referring Habba to the New Jersey Office of Attorney Ethics, a Trump National Golf Club Bedminster employee alleged that in the second half of 2021, Habba induced the employee into entering an illegal non-disclosure agreement when the employee intended to accuse a club manager of workplace sexual misconduct (New Jersey banned non-disclosure agreements for workplace harassment).[35] The employee alleged that Habba tried to befriend her, encouraged the firing of the employee's lawyer, provided the non-disclosure agreement with penalties for disclosure, and warned the employee not to publicize the workplace sexual misconduct accusation; Habba responded in 2023: "I always conduct myself ethically and acted no differently in this circumstance."[35] The club settled the lawsuit in March 2024, with the settlement agreement including a line stating that both "parties agree that Alina Habba is not a party to this release".[36] Habba settled the lawsuit in August 2024.[37][38]

Habba had never done legal work for Trump when, in September 2021, he hired her as part of his legal team, replacing several well-established lawyers who had worked for Trump for many years but had withdrawn their services, including: Marc Kasowitz, Charles Harder, Joanna Hendon, Marc Saroff Mukasey, Jay Sekulow, and Lawrence S. Rosen.[24][32][27][39] Quickly after her hiring, Habba filed a $100 million lawsuit on Trump's behalf against The New York Times, three Times reporters, and Trump's niece, Mary L. Trump.[24] Her lawsuit was dismissed by the judge for "fail[ing] as a matter of constitutional law".[40] Habba also worked on Trump's behalf when he was sued for defamation by Summer Zervos. Trump had called Zervos a "liar" in 2017, after she accused him of kissing and groping her, without her consent, when she was a contestant on Trump's reality TV show, The Apprentice. In October 2021, Habba filed a Trump countersuit against Zervos, claiming she was trying to stifle Trump's right to free speech. Shortly thereafter, in November 2021, Zervos discontinued the lawsuit.[41]

Since 2022

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Habba represented Trump in a legal case where he was being investigated for falsely representing the value of his assets on various Statements of Net Worth that banks required him to file annually to ensure that Trump had sufficient funds to repay their loans.[42] She unsuccessfully appealed a court order requiring Trump and his children Ivanka, Donald Jr., and Eric to give sworn testimony about the valuations they signed for when filing those returns. New York's attorney general, Letitia James, personally questioned Trump on August 10, 2022. Habba was present during the deposition and led the defense. Trump refused to answer any questions during the four-hour deposition, pleading the United States Constitution's Fifth Amendment over 450 times.[43][44]

In February 2022, Habba unsuccessfully attempted to prevent Trump from being required to give a sworn statement in an investigation led by James. On July 19, 2022, Habba was sued by a former employee, Na'Syia Drayton, who claimed Habba repeatedly sang inappropriate gangster rap and hip hop music in the office while using the N word, made racist comments, and referred to James as "that Black bitch".[45][46] The lawsuit was settled out of court in September 2022.[47] Habba had called James a "sick person" in January of the same year.[48]

In September 2022, U.S. district court judge Donald M. Middlebrooks dismissed a 2022 suit brought by Habba for Trump against Hillary Clinton, John Podesta, Jake Sullivan, Debbie Wasserman Schultz, and numerous other public officials, private citizens, and private entities against whom Trump sought damages for alleged conduct surrounding the 2016 presidential election.[49] Dismissing all of Trump's claims, Middlebrooks concluded that Trump's complaint was not just inadequate in any respect, but in all respects, and expressly reserved the right to consider sanctions against Trump's attorneys at a later date.[49][50]

Two months after issuing that decision, Middlebrooks sanctioned Trump's lawyers, including Habba, Michael T. Madaio, Peter Ticktin, and Jamie Alan Sasson. They were assessed $50,000 penalties, plus $16,000 to cover the legal fees paid by one of the defendants.[51] Later in January 2023, Middlebrooks ordered Trump, Habba, and her firm to pay $938,000 in legal costs for 31 defendants, including the Democratic National Committee, Hillary Clinton, and former FBI director James Comey.[52][53] The judge wrote about the lawsuit brought by Habba: "No reasonable lawyer would have filed it. Intended for a political purpose, none of the counts of the amended complaint stated a cognizable legal claim."[11] In February 2023, the Order was pending appeal before the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.[54] Speaking at a December 2023 Turning Point USA conference, Habba asserted no one had heard of the case, falsely alleging the "fake news" had not reported it. She added that "me and President Trump got sanctioned a million dollars for going against Crooked Hillary" and "there were probably 50 lawyers representing all of the radical left", although the suit had named 31 defendants.[55][53] A federal appeals upheld the $938,000 penalty against Habba and Trump, concluding that Habba had engaged in sanctionable conduct by filing a frivolous lawsuit.[10]

Habba represented Trump in a federal civil lawsuit filed by his former attorney, Michael Cohen. Cohen had been released from prison into home confinement during the coronavirus pandemic. He was re-imprisoned after promoting his book Disloyal: A Memoir and released again 16 days later after obtaining an injunction.[56][57] Cohen later sued Trump and former Justice Department employees for damages. Habba filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit with prejudice, and the lower court ruled against Cohen. In January 2024, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit upheld the lower court's decision.[57]

Habba defended Trump's private interests in the Carroll v. Trump case, when she argued before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit that the Federal Tort Claims Act applies to a former U.S. president. The Second Circuit, in a decision dated September 27, 2022, agreed that Trump was an employee of the United States at the time and that the District Court must consider the applicability of the Federal Tort Claims Act to Trump's comments in that light.[58] The Second Circuit decision did not address the merits of Trump's claim that the comments constituted executive action as the President of the United States.[58] In December 2023, the appeals court upheld the federal judge's ruling rejecting Trump's claim of presidential immunity.[59]

Habba talking to press on the second and final day of jury deliberation during the prosecution of Donald Trump in New York

In 2022, Trump's Save America political action committee paid Habba's firm almost $2 million in legal fees.[60] In January 2024, Habba predicted that Associate Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh, "who the president fought for, who the president went through hell to get into place", would "step up" to support Trump's case in Trump v. Anderson, which would decide whether Trump is disqualified from ballot access per the Fourteenth Amendment. Habba disclaimed meaning that justices like Kavanaugh would rule for Trump on account of being "pro-Trump", claiming instead that they would "because they're pro-law, because they're pro-fairness".[61] Habba served as lead attorney for the E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump trial that began on January 16, 2024.[62] Over the course of three days, presiding federal judge Lewis Kaplan repeatedly reprimanded Habba for her methods of cross-examining Carroll and introducing evidence.[63] A jury awarded Carroll $83.3 million in damages against Trump on January 26, 2024.[64]

She spoke on the final night of the 2024 Republican National Convention leading up to the introduction of Trump.[65]

In August 2024, she criticized Adam Kinzinger for speaking out against Trump during the 2024 Democratic National Convention, and told him to "sit the hell down".[66]

In January 2025, Habba came under fire for appearing on a show as a guest and telling Andrew Tate, who is accused of rape, human trafficking, and other charges, that she is a "big fan". Critics have called on Trump to fire her.[67]

Counselor to the President

[edit]

In December 2024, Trump named Habba as his counselor to the president.[68]

Interim U.S. attorney for the District of New Jersey

[edit]

On March 24, 2025, Trump announced that Habba would become interim United States attorney for the District of New Jersey effective immediately following his nomination of the then interim U.S. Attorney, John Giordano, as U.S. ambassador to Namibia.[69][70] Giordano continued to sign documents as U.S. attorney through March 27, and Attorney General Pamela Bondi signed Habba's appointment that day, effective March 28, the day she was sworn in.[71][72]

Habba announced investigations into Phil Murphy, New Jersey's Democratic governor, and Matt Platkin, the state's attorney general.[73] In an interview, she also said she wanted to "turn New Jersey red".[74] After an incident at the Newark, New Jersey immigration detention facility on May 9, involving three Democratic members of New Jersey's congressional delegation and the arrest of Newark's Democratic mayor, Ras Baraka, Habba dropped the charges against Baraka and charged LaMonica McIver, one of the members of Congress, with assault.[75] The judge who formally dismissed the charges against Baraka rebuked Habba's office for the arrest, warning against use of the office "to advance political agendas".[73] Several Democratic politicians in New Jersey have described Habba's actions as politicizing the U.S. Attorney's office.[74] Baraka subsequently filed a lawsuit against Habba and a Homeland Security Investigations agent involved in his arrest, alleging false arrest, malicious prosecution, and defamation.[75]

Acting U.S. attorney for the District of New Jersey

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On July 22, 2025, a panel of judges on the District Court for the District of New Jersey declined to retain Habba until a nominee is named, appointing Desiree Leigh Grace, Habba's first assistant, instead.[76] Bondi fired Desiree Leigh Grace a few hours later.[77] On Wednesday, July 23, 2025, Grace posted on her LinkedIn profile that she intended to assume the position the judges selected her for "in accordance with the law".[78] On July 24, 2025, President Trump withdrew the nomination of Alina Habba, which cleared the way for her to serve in New Jersey as the U.S. attorney in an acting capacity.[79] Days later, court activity in New Jersey involving the U.S. attorney abruptly stopped amid motions that contested Habba's continued tenure; federal statute states that a person "may not serve as an acting officer" if their nomination is submitted to the Senate, but does not clarify if that is applicable upon the withdrawal of a nomination.[80]

On August 21, 2025, Matthew W. Brann, the chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, sitting by designation in the District of New Jersey, ruled that Habba's appointment was void as of July 1, 2025, and her later purported reappointment was invalid, but stayed his order pending appeal.[5][81] The judge also said that Grace thus became the U.S. attorney upon appointment by the district judges on July 22, 2025, but expressed no opinion as to whether the president's purported firing of her on July 26 was valid as that was not before him.[5][82]

On December 1, a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit upheld Brann's ruling that Habba was not lawfully appointed and disqualified her from the position of acting U.S. attorney for New Jersey.[6][83]

On December 8, she resigned as acting U.S. attorney for New Jersey.[84] Bondi announced on Twitter that Habba "will be continuing with the Department of Justice as Senior Advisor to the Attorney General for U.S. Attorneys" and that the department will seek further review and Habba will return to her position if the ruling is reversed.[85][86]

Personal life

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Habba has described herself as a devout Catholic. She is culturally an Arab-American.[87][15][88]

Habba was married to lawyer Matthew Eyet from 2011 to 2019. They have two children, Chloe and Luke.[89][90] In 2020, she married businessman and entrepreneur Gregg Reuben. They live in Bernardsville, New Jersey.[15] Reuben is the CEO of Centerpark, a New York City-based parking management company.[91] Habba has a step-child from Reuben's previous marriage.[92][93]

See also

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Notes

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References

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Alina Habba

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Alina Saad Habba (born March 25, 1984) is an American attorney of Iraqi Chaldean descent who served as Acting United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey from March to December 2025 and as Counselor to the President since January 2025. Born in Summit, New Jersey, to Chaldean Catholic parents who immigrated from Iraq in the early 1980s, Habba earned a Bachelor of Arts in political science from Lehigh University in 2005 and a Juris Doctor from Widener University Delaware Law School in 2010. After brief work in the fashion industry, including at Marc Jacobs, she entered private legal practice focusing on commercial litigation, real estate, and family law. In 2020, she founded Habba Madaio & Associates LLP in Bedminster, New Jersey, near Donald Trump's golf club, where she served as managing partner until transitioning to public service roles in 2025. Habba gained national prominence as personal counsel to Donald Trump, representing him in high-profile civil matters such as the New York civil fraud investigation, a $100 million defamation suit against Hillary Clinton's campaign, and actions against The New York Times and Mary Trump L. Trump for alleged conspiracy in leaking tax returns. Her tenure as Acting U.S. Attorney faced legal challenges, with a district judge ruling in August 2025 that her service beyond the initial 120-day interim period was unlawful; this ruling was upheld by a Third Circuit panel in December 2025, leading to her resignation on December 8, 2025, although the Department of Justice sought rehearing en banc by the full court in January 2026.

Early life and education

Family background and upbringing

Alina Habba was born Alina Saad Habba on March 25, 1984, in , to parents Saad and Maureen Habba, who had immigrated from to the in the early . Her family belongs to the Chaldean Catholic community, an ethnic group of Iraqi Christians who faced under Saddam Hussein's regime, prompting their flight from . Habba grew up as the middle child in a family of three siblings, all born in , after their parents settled initially in New York before relocating to the state. The family's Chaldean heritage instilled a strong Catholic faith, which Habba has described as central to her identity, referring to herself as a "devout Catholic" and "proud first-generation Arab American." This background of and religious resilience shaped her early environment, with her parents emphasizing assimilation into American society while maintaining cultural and faith-based traditions from their Iraqi roots. Her upbringing occurred in affluent suburban New Jersey communities, including and later Bernardsville, where the family established a stable household amid the challenges of post-immigration adjustment. Limited public details exist on her parents' specific occupations, but the family's move to reflects a pursuit of economic opportunity and safety for their children, consistent with patterns among Chaldean immigrants fleeing Ba'athist persecution in during that era.

Academic and professional preparation

Habba earned a from in 2005. She subsequently attended in , completing a degree in 2010. Following graduation, Habba was admitted to the New Jersey bar in 2010. She commenced her professional legal experience with a clerkship under New Jersey Superior Court Judge Eugene Codey Jr. After this judicial clerkship, she transitioned to private practice at the firm Tompkins, McGuire, Wachenfeld & Barry, focusing initially on general litigation matters. This early phase provided foundational exposure to courtroom procedures and client representation in New Jersey.

Entry into law and early positions

Habba received her degree from in 2010. Following graduation, she undertook a one-year clerkship with Eugene J. Codey Jr., who at the time served as the Presiding Judge of the Civil Division of the Superior Court of in Essex County. This position provided her initial exposure to judicial proceedings in civil matters. In September 2011, Habba entered private practice as an associate at the Newark-based firm Tompkins, McGuire, Wachenfeld & Barry LLP, departing in February 2013. From 2013 onward, she worked at her first husband's and held subsequent positions in private practice, accumulating approximately eight years of experience in civil and commercial litigation before co-founding her own firm in 2020.

Founding and operations of Habba Madaio & Associates

Habba Madaio & Associates LLP was established in 2020 by Alina Habba, who served as its managing partner, with the firm headquartered in Bedminster, New Jersey, near Donald Trump's Bedminster golf club. The firm operated as a boutique practice comprising approximately six attorneys, emphasizing Habba's prior experience in managing mid-sized legal operations, including servicing clients in the financial services sector such as a Fortress Investment Group subsidiary. In its operations, Habba oversaw all aspects of firm management, including business development, human resources, and finances, while directing legal services across multiple practice areas. Core focuses included commercial transactions and litigation, corporate formation and disputes, family law matters such as prenuptial agreements, , , and property division, as well as construction-related and litigation. The firm's structure supported targeted representation for business clients, leveraging Habba's background in and civil litigation to handle both transactional work and courtroom advocacy.

Pre-Trump litigation and real estate focus

Prior to representing in 2021, Alina Habba's legal practice at Habba Madaio & Associates LLP emphasized civil litigation, with a particular focus on , commercial, and disputes. The firm, where Habba served as managing partner, handled matters involving transactions, construction-related issues, litigation, and , often representing clients in and New York. Her work included counseling on commercial deals and litigating disputes, reflecting a boutique practice geared toward high-stakes conflicts rather than high-volume cases. Habba led several notable pre-2021 cases demonstrating her litigation approach. In one federal suit, she served as lead counsel against a nursing home accused of , including failures in patient care that resulted in harm to residents; the case highlighted premises liability and operational shortcomings in healthcare facilities, areas overlapping with management responsibilities. Separately, she represented a parking garage company in disputes, addressing operational and contractual issues tied to assets, which underscored her expertise in asset-intensive commercial litigation. These engagements typically involved aggressive defense strategies, settlement negotiations, and courtroom advocacy, establishing Habba's reputation for handling complex, client-driven matters without the national media exposure that later defined her Trump-related work. The firm's emphasis extended to advisory roles on property development and leasing agreements, where Habba drew on her experience to mitigate risks in volatile markets. This period solidified her as a litigator capable of securing favorable outcomes in opaque, fact-intensive disputes, often prioritizing practical resolutions over protracted trials, though specific verdict details from these cases remain limited in public records due to their non-headline nature.

Representation of Donald Trump

Initial engagements in 2021

Habba began representing in civil matters in September 2021, shortly after her firm, Habba Madaio & Associates, which operated near Trump's Bedminster golf club, caught his attention through local legal work. Her initial role focused on defensive litigation against defamation claims and proactive suits targeting media outlets and family members perceived as aiding investigations into Trump. One of the first cases involved the ongoing filed by Summer Zervos, a former Apprentice contestant who alleged Trump defamed her by denying sexual misconduct claims from 2016. On October 18, 2021, moved in New York court for permission to file a countersuit on Trump's behalf, accusing Zervos of and seeking to vindicate his free speech rights under New York's anti-SLAPP statute. The countersuit argument posited that Zervos's action stifled Trump's political expression, though Zervos ultimately dropped her suit on November 12, 2021, without compensation or fees, which hailed as validation of their strategy. Concurrently, Habba filed a $100 million civil suit in New York state court on Trump's behalf against , three of its reporters, and his niece , alleging conspiracy to unlawfully obtain and publish his confidential tax records in violation of federal and state laws. The complaint claimed the defendants engaged in a scheme to acquire records through illicit means, including payments to a former Trump advisor, but the case was dismissed by a who found it lacked merit, leading to Trump being ordered to pay nearly $400,000 in the newspaper's legal fees in January 2024. By late 2021, Habba extended representation to challenges against the New York Attorney General's office. On December 20, 2021, she filed a federal lawsuit on Trump's behalf against , seeking to enjoin her civil fraud investigation into as politically motivated retaliation, though this suit was swiftly dismissed for lack of standing. These engagements established Habba as a key figure in Trump's post-presidency legal defenses, emphasizing countersuits and injunctions against what the team viewed as weaponized probes by Democratic officials and media.

Major cases from 2022 to 2024

Habba represented as part of the defense team in the New York Attorney General's civil lawsuit, filed on September 21, 2022, which accused Trump, his adult children, and of inflating asset values in to obtain favorable loans and insurance terms over a decade. The case proceeded to a non-jury trial starting October 2, 2023, before Justice , where Habba handled cross-examinations of witnesses, including former employees, and argued against the state's evidence of fraudulent intent. On February 16, 2024, Engoron ruled Trump liable for under Executive Law § 63(12), ordering of $355 million in ill-gotten gains (later growing to over $450 million with prejudgment interest), a three-year ban on Trump serving as a director of New York corporations, and ongoing monitorship of . In the E. Jean Carroll defamation cases, Habba led Trump's defense in the January 2024 federal trial in , following a May 2023 finding Trump liable for and related to his 2019 statements denying Carroll's 1990s assault allegation. During the trial from to 25, 2024, Habba cross-examined Carroll and argued that Trump's statements were protected opinion rather than verifiable falsehoods, while seeking to introduce evidence of Carroll's prior relationships to challenge her credibility. On , 2024, the awarded Carroll $83.3 million in , comprising $18.3 million compensatory and $65 million punitive, prompting Trump to post a $91.6 million bond for appeal. Habba also supported Trump's defense in the Manhattan District Attorney's criminal hush money case, which alleged falsification of business records to conceal 2016 payments to Stormy Daniels, proceeding to trial on April 15, 2024. Although not lead counsel—handled primarily by Todd Blanche—Habba participated in strategy and public commentary, emphasizing the case's political motivations amid Trump's presidential campaign. The jury convicted Trump on all 34 felony counts on May 30, 2024, after six weeks of testimony involving checks, ledgers, and witness accounts from Michael Cohen. These cases overlapped with Habba's representation in related matters, such as Trump's January lawsuit against and its reporters, alleging a to obtain documents for critical reporting on his finances and taxes; the suit was dismissed later that year on First Amendment grounds. Outcomes in the primary litigations uniformly favored the plaintiffs or prosecutors, with penalties totaling hundreds of millions, though appeals were filed contesting evidentiary rulings and jurisdictional issues.

Sanctions, losses, and performance debates

In January 2023, U.S. District Judge Donald M. Middlebrooks sanctioned Alina Habba and her client Donald Trump nearly $938,000 for filing a frivolous lawsuit against Hillary Clinton, James Comey, and others, alleging a conspiracy related to the Steele dossier; the judge described the suit as lacking evidentiary support and intended to punish political opponents rather than advance a legitimate claim. The ruling required payment of the defendants' legal fees, marking a significant financial penalty tied to Habba's litigation strategy in representing Trump. Habba faced further sanctions in Trump's New York civil fraud case, where Justice Arthur Engoron referenced her prior conduct in imposing penalties on Trump's legal team; in September 2023, Engoron ordered the cancellation of Trump business certificates and sanctioned attorneys for baseless motions seeking to dismiss the case. During the trial, other Trump lawyers later distanced themselves from Habba's earlier sanctions when appealing related fines, arguing Engoron improperly considered her history. These measures stemmed from repeated filings deemed repetitive and without merit, contributing to perceptions of procedural overreach. Habba's representation led to multiple courtroom losses for Trump, including the dismissal of the Clinton-related suit in 2022 and adverse rulings in the New York fraud , where Trump was held liable for inflating asset values, resulting in a judgment exceeding $450 million (later adjusted on appeal). In the defamation case, Habba served as lead counsel, but Trump was found liable for and , incurring damages of $5 million in May 2023 and an additional $83.3 million in January 2024; appeals upheld the core findings. These outcomes followed evidentiary setbacks, such as overruled objections and limited cross-examinations, highlighting tactical challenges. Debates over Habba's performance often center on her courtroom efficacy, with critics like former Justice Department official describing her handling of the Carroll trial as a "comedy of bumbling errors," citing frequent objections and procedural missteps that failed to sway the . Supporters attribute losses to biased judicial environments in Democrat-leaning jurisdictions, while detractors, including legal analysts, question her experience in high-stakes federal litigation prior to Trump's cases, noting a pattern of sanctions for filings lacking substantive merit. Habba has countered such views by emphasizing long-term appellate successes and framing defeats as delays in politically motivated prosecutions, as stated in post-ruling comments. These discussions reflect broader skepticism from mainstream legal commentary, potentially influenced by institutional biases against Trump-aligned attorneys, though court records substantiate the sanctions and judgments independently.

Government and advisory roles

Counselor to the President and campaign advising

On December 8, 2024, President-elect announced Alina Habba's appointment as , describing her as a "tireless advocate" who had demonstrated loyalty and legal acumen in prior representations. In this senior advisory position, Habba focused on legal strategy and policy alignment within the incoming administration, leveraging her experience from high-profile defenses to guide executive actions amid ongoing litigation threats. Her tenure, spanning from the transition period into early 2025, emphasized enforcement priorities, including public statements on February 25, 2025, urging federal workers to align with administration directives or face accountability measures. Habba's role extended from her prior involvement in Trump's 2024 presidential campaign, where she acted as a primary legal , conducting over 100 media appearances to counter narratives surrounding indictments and trials. These efforts included defending campaign-related legal exposures, such as New York civil fraud proceedings that overlapped with election activities, positioning her as a visible counter to perceived prosecutorial overreach by Democratic-led jurisdictions. Campaign advising encompassed strategic consultations at , where she advised on risk mitigation for and post-election challenges, drawing on her firm's and litigation expertise to safeguard assets tied to campaign operations. The counselor's position facilitated a bridge between campaign imperatives and governance, with Habba prioritizing declassification of documents and preemptive legal fortifications against anticipated challenges from federal agencies. This advisory function concluded in March 2025 upon her reassignment to a prosecutorial role, reflecting the administration's strategy to deploy trusted allies across executive branches for unified policy execution. Critics from outlets aligned with opposing political views questioned the appointment's emphasis on loyalty over traditional qualifications, though proponents highlighted her proven courtroom resilience as essential for navigating a litigious political landscape.

Acting U.S. Attorney for the District of

On March 24, 2025, President appointed Alina Habba as interim for the District of , initiating a 120-day term under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act. In this capacity, Habba oversaw a staff of approximately 155 federal prosecutors and 130 support personnel, responsible for enforcing federal criminal, regulatory, and civil laws in the district. The Department of Justice officially recognized her as Acting U.S. Attorney and Special Attorney to the , with the listing updated as recently as September 1, 2025. The interim appointment expired around July 1, 2025, after the 120-day limit. To extend her tenure, Habba resigned from the interim role, and Florida Attorney General , acting in a supervisory capacity, appointed her as first assistant U.S. attorney, invoking provisions of the Federal Vacancies Reform Act to position her as the acting head. This maneuver allowed the Trump administration to maintain continuity in leadership amid delays in confirmation for a permanent nominee. Legal challenges emerged, culminating in an August 21, 2025, ruling by U.S. District Judge Matthew Brann, who determined that Habba lacked lawful authority to serve beyond the initial 120 days and that her subsequent actions as U.S. Attorney were void. The judge disqualified her from participating in District of New Jersey prosecutions, citing improper circumvention of vacancy statutes. The Trump administration appealed the decision to the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, arguing the appointment complied with federal law. During oral arguments on October 20, 2025, appellate judges expressed skepticism toward the administration's strategy, questioning the validity of reassigning to preserve her role despite the district court's order. On December 1, 2025, the Third Circuit Court of Appeals unanimously upheld the district court's ruling, determining that Habba's appointment violated the Federal Vacancies Reform Act and disqualifying her from the position.

Key prosecutions and policy enforcement

During her tenure as Acting U.S. Attorney for the District of , Alina Habba oversaw a staff of approximately 155 federal prosecutors handling criminal, regulatory, and civil enforcement actions. Her office prioritized cases aligned with the Trump administration's focus on and public corruption, particularly in a state with Democratic leadership and policies. One prominent prosecution initiated under her direction was the May 2025 indictment of U.S. Rep. LaMonica McIver (D-NJ) for allegedly assaulting two federal agents and impeding the arrest of Newark Ras during an Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) operation. The case drew attention for its implications in enforcing federal laws amid local resistance, with McIver's motions to dismiss pending as of 2025. Habba's leadership emphasized aggressive policy enforcement against perceived obstructions to federal authority, including charges against Democratic officials accused of interfering with . Sources described this approach as using the U.S. Attorney's office to target political opponents, with at least a dozen cases potentially affected by disputes over her authority even prior to a key court ruling. However, mainstream outlets like , which reported on these efforts, have been critiqued for left-leaning bias in framing such actions as partisan rather than routine application of federal statutes. No convictions directly attributed to Habba's personal involvement were reported by October 2025, as her role focused on supervisory direction rather than lead trial work. A ruling on August 21, 2025, declared Habba's continued service unlawful beyond the 120-day interim limit, barring her from participating in prosecutions and raising risks of dismissal or delays in ongoing matters, including the McIver case. The Trump Department of Justice appealed, arguing her appointment as first assistant U.S. Attorney preserved validity under federal statute, with oral arguments heard by the Third Circuit on October 20, 2025. This legal uncertainty disrupted enforcement priorities, potentially upending key cases in a district handling significant federal caseloads.

Interim appointment mechanics and 120-day limit

The interim appointment of a United States Attorney is authorized under 28 U.S.C. § 546(a), empowering the Attorney General to select and appoint a qualified individual—typically from within the Department of Justice or the U.S. Attorney's Office—to fill a vacancy arising from resignation, removal, or expiration of a prior term. This mechanism ensures operational continuity in federal prosecutions and civil enforcement within the district, bypassing the full Senate confirmation process required for permanent appointments under Article II of the Constitution and 28 U.S.C. § 541. The 120-day limit on such interim service, codified in 28 U.S.C. § 546(c)(2), restricts the appointee's tenure to the earlier of the qualification of a Senate-confirmed successor or 120 days following the creation of the vacancy. This temporal cap, enacted as part of post-Watergate reforms and reinforced in subsequent legislation like the Vacancies Reform Act amendments, aims to curb executive overreach by compelling timely nominations and confirmations rather than perpetual temporary fillings. Department of Justice interpretations, including opinions, have clarified that the clock generally starts from the vacancy's origin date, though practical application can hinge on precise vacancy timing and appointment sequencing. In Alina Habba's designation as Acting U.S. Attorney for the District of , announced by President Trump on March 24, 2025, and formalized through Pam Bondi's subsequent actions, the appointment adhered to this framework but was constrained by the 120-day ceiling. Her term, sworn in on March 28, 2025, expired on July 1, 2025, rendering further exercise of U.S. Attorney powers under the interim title invalid absent confirmation or statutory extension. This limit underscored the provisional nature of the role, designed for bridge service amid transition periods like the early months of a new presidential administration.

Court rulings on unlawful service

On August 21, 2025, U.S. District Judge Matthew W. Brann of the Middle District of Pennsylvania ruled that Alina Habba had been unlawfully serving as Acting U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey since her appointment in July 2025, finding that the Trump administration violated the Federal Vacancies Reform Act by bypassing the statutory succession order, which prioritized the U.S. Attorney's first assistant. The ruling stemmed from challenges filed by three criminal defendants facing federal drug trafficking and related charges in New Jersey, who argued Habba lacked legal authority to prosecute them, prompting the court to disqualify her from initiating new cases while permitting ongoing prosecutions to proceed to avoid disrupting judicial proceedings. Brann's 25-page opinion emphasized that the Department of Justice's maneuver to install —Trump's former personal attorney—through an atypical designation as a "presidential counselor" before her interim role undermined congressional intent in the Vacancies Act, which limits acting appointments to specific successors to prevent indefinite holds by non-Senate-confirmed officials. The judge rejected the government's claim of flexibility in vacancy fillings, noting Habba's prior role did not qualify her under the act's exceptions, and warned that upholding the appointment could enable executive overreach in prosecutorial offices nationwide. The Department of Justice immediately appealed the decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, arguing the district court erred in interpreting the Vacancies Act and that Habba's service aligned with historical precedents for interim appointments during transitions. During oral arguments on October 20, 2025, a panel of Third Circuit judges expressed skepticism toward the DOJ's defense, questioning the administration's sequence of designating Habba as counselor to circumvent the first assistant and probing potential "substantial disruption" to New Jersey's federal docket if the ruling were upheld, though no decision had been issued by October 25, 2025.

Nomination withdrawal and appeals process

On March 24, 2025, President Donald Trump formally nominated Alina Habba to serve as United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey on a permanent basis, while designating her as interim U.S. Attorney pending Senate confirmation. The nomination encountered immediate resistance from New Jersey's Democratic senators, Cory Booker and Andy Kim, who signaled opposition due to Habba's prior role as a defense attorney for Trump and perceived lack of prosecutorial experience in federal matters. In July 2025, the Trump administration withdrew Habba's from consideration. This action was taken to adhere to provisions of the Federal Vacancies Reform Act (FVRA), specifically 5 U.S.C. § 3345(b), which limits extensions of interim appointments if a nomination is not confirmed or is withdrawn, aiming to prevent circumvention of . Critics, including legal analysts, argued the withdrawal was a strategic maneuver to prolong Habba's acting tenure beyond the standard 120-day limit under 28 U.S.C. § 546(c), by resetting vacancy provisions without securing approval, though administration officials maintained it preserved continuity in leadership. Following the withdrawal, efforts to sustain Habba's position prompted litigation. In August 2025, U.S. District Judge [name if available, but not in results; omit or general] in the District of ruled that Habba lacked lawful authority to continue serving after her 120-day interim period concluded around July 2025, deeming the administration's sequence of nomination, withdrawal, and continued designation as violating FVRA restrictions on interim service. The ruling enjoined Habba from participating in District of cases, though it was stayed pending appeal to mitigate operational disruptions in ongoing prosecutions. The Department of Justice promptly appealed the district court's decision to the United States of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Oral arguments occurred on October 20, 2025, before a panel of three judges, who interrogated DOJ attorneys on the "unusual" appointment mechanics and expressed apparent skepticism regarding the government's interpretation of FVRA allowances for post-withdrawal service. Government counsel defended the actions as necessary to avoid a in a high-volume district, citing the nomination's pendency as justifying extended interim authority until withdrawal, but the judges probed potential statutory overreach and risks of executive evasion of confirmation. As of October 25, 2025, the Third Circuit has not issued a decision, leaving Habba's status in limbo and raising concerns about case validity and prosecutorial continuity if the appeal fails.

Controversies and public reception

Criticisms of qualifications and political motivations

Critics have questioned Alina Habba's qualifications for high-level federal prosecutorial roles, citing her background primarily in civil litigation and lack of experience in or federal prosecution. Habba, who earned her law degree from in 2005, spent much of her early career in insurance defense and later managed a small firm focused on commercial disputes, with no documented prosecutorial tenure prior to her acting U.S. Attorney appointment in March 2025. Legal analysts, including those from the Law Journal, have described her as "unqualified" for roles demanding expertise in complex federal criminal matters, pointing to her limited exposure beyond private practice near Trump's Bedminster golf club. Habba's performance in representing Trump in civil cases has drawn further scrutiny, including multiple sanctions imposed by Justice during the 2022-2024 civil trial against . In September 2023, Engoron sanctioned Trump's legal team, referencing Habba's prior filings as examples of tactics, while earlier rulings in related matters resulted in fines exceeding $938,000 against Habba and Trump for baseless claims against summer interns reporting alleged misconduct. These incidents, critics argue, highlight deficiencies in strategic legal acumen unsuitable for overseeing a U.S. Attorney's handling cases like and public corruption. Regarding political motivations, detractors contend that Habba's rapid elevation to acting U.S. Attorney for the District of stemmed from loyalty to Trump rather than merit, as she served as his personal attorney and campaign advisor without prior government service. Appointed in March 2025 shortly after Trump's inauguration, her selection bypassed candidates with federal prosecutorial records, aligning with a pattern of prioritizing Trump allies in key Justice Department posts. During her tenure, decisions such as dropping charges against Newark Mayor in August 2025 prompted accusations of partisan interference, with a magistrate judge criticizing the move as potentially politically driven. Outlets like and Vox have framed her role as emblematic of appointments favoring ideological alignment over institutional norms, though Habba has countered that opposition reflects bias against Trump's agenda.

Achievements in high-stakes defense and prosecutions

Habba represented as lead counsel in the defamation lawsuit brought by Summer Zervos in 2017, alleging defamatory statements related to claims; the voluntarily dismissed the case on November 5, 2021, following Trump's return to political prominence. This outcome was cited by Habba's supporters as a strategic victory, though Zervos attributed the dismissal to her desire to avoid prolonged litigation amid shifting public focus. In defending against civil claims by former employees, Habba secured effective resolutions that limited exposure, contributing to the firm's ability to maintain operations amid multiple investigations. Her firm, Habba Madaio & Associates, handled complex multi-party commercial disputes prior to high-profile political cases, earning recognition for navigating intricate litigation from bilateral contracts to broader business conflicts. As Acting U.S. Attorney for the District of from March to July 2025, Habba oversaw a staff of 155 prosecutors handling federal cases, including securing approval for 20 new hires—a rare expansion amid federal hiring constraints—which bolstered the office's capacity for enforcement. Under her supervision, the office initiated high-profile probes, such as the corruption investigation into Newark Mayor , though charges were later dropped due to evidentiary challenges. These efforts were praised by administration allies for prioritizing accountability in local , despite criticisms of . Habba's appointment as U.S. Attorney for of in early 2025 precipitated extensive debates over the interpretation of the Federal Vacancies Reform Act (FVRA), particularly the 120-day limit on interim appointments and mechanisms for extending them without . Critics, including a bipartisan coalition of former U.S. attorneys, argued that the Trump administration's maneuvers—such as the rapid firing and replacement of prior interim appointees—constituted a "dangerous abuse of executive power" designed to circumvent constitutional checks, potentially setting precedents that erode oversight of prosecutorial roles. These contentions highlighted tensions between executive flexibility in filling vacancies and statutory safeguards against indefinite unconfirmed leadership in sensitive positions like U.S. Attorneys, influencing ongoing scholarly and judicial analyses of the FVRA's enforcement. The legal challenges to Habba's tenure, culminating in a federal district ruling on August 21, 2025, that she served "without legal authority," disrupted operations in the District of , prompting judges to adjourn cases and creating delays for defendants awaiting resolution. This fallout amplified discourse on the practical consequences of disputed appointments, with defense attorneys and legal observers warning of broader systemic risks, including undermined public confidence in federal prosecutions and incentives for future administrations to test appointment boundaries. Appellate hearings before the Third Circuit on October 20, 2025, further scrutinized these "unusual" tactics, where judges expressed skepticism toward the Department of Justice's defenses, reinforcing arguments that such strategies could politicize judicial proceedings and strain resource allocation in overburdened districts. Politically, Habba's role fueled accusations of weaponizing the Justice Department against opponents, as evidenced by her office's early focus on Democratic figures in , which proponents framed as accountability for prior politicized prosecutions but detractors viewed as retaliatory overreach. This dynamic intensified partisan divides in public commentary, with Habba publicly alleging judicial "" against her on August 24, 2025, thereby elevating discussions on perceived institutional biases within the federal judiciary and the risks of loyalty-based appointments eroding norms. Such exchanges underscored causal links between executive selection criteria and prosecutorial independence, prompting calls from legal ethicists for reforms to insulate U.S. Attorney positions from campaign-era affiliations, even as her defenders cited empirical precedents of interim officials in high-profile roles without analogous disruptions. Overall, the controversy contributed to a reevaluation of post-election transitions in legal institutions, highlighting how individual appointments can catalyze appellate precedents on vacancies law and influence electoral rhetoric on "" resistance, though mainstream analyses often emphasized risks over potential efficiencies in enforcement priorities.

Personal life

Family dynamics and relationships

Alina Habba was born in , to Chaldean Catholic parents who emigrated from in the early 1980s to escape persecution, establishing a first-generation Arab American household rooted in Catholic faith and . Her mother, Maureen Habba, served as a , while details on her father's profession remain limited in . Habba is one of three siblings, including a brother, Fuad Habba, an enterprise sales executive, reflecting a close-knit structure typical of immigrant Chaldean communities emphasizing education and professional achievement. Habba married Matthew Eyet, a , in September 2011; the couple had two children, daughter and son Luke, during their eight-year union, which concluded in in December 2019. She wed Gregg , who is Jewish and has a child from a prior relationship, in 2020, creating a blended of three children total without additional joint offspring. The resides in , prioritizing privacy amid Habba's high-profile career, with Reuben maintaining a notably low public presence and avoiding features. This arrangement underscores a dynamic of mutual support in a multicultural household, where Habba has described herself as a devout Catholic mother balancing professional demands with responsibilities.

Public image and political affiliations

Alina Habba has been a prominent figure in Republican politics, expressing interest in the party since her time in law school and aligning closely with Donald Trump's political movement. She served as Trump's legal spokesperson from 2021 to 2025 and as a senior advisor to MAGA Inc., his super PAC focused on advancing his agenda. Her nomination by Trump in early 2025 to serve as U.S. Attorney for the District of underscored her ties to the administration, though it faced opposition from Democratic senators and , who cited concerns over her independence. Habba's public image is sharply divided along partisan lines. Supporters, particularly within Trump circles, praise her as a fierce and loyal who aggressively defended the former president in multiple civil and criminal matters, portraying her courtroom style as unyielding against what they describe as biased judicial proceedings. Critics, including legal analysts and Democratic figures, have questioned her professional credentials for prosecutorial roles, noting her primary experience was in civil litigation and law prior to representing Trump, with no prior federal criminal prosecution background. This skepticism intensified during her interim tenure as U.S. Attorney, where actions such as prioritizing investigations into Democratic officials were seen by opponents as evidence of politicization, though Habba maintained her decisions adhered to departmental priorities. Her visibility surged through high-profile Trump defenses, including the 2023 E. Jean Carroll trial, where her cross-examinations drew media attention but resulted in adverse rulings, including sanctions for filing meritless motions. Despite such setbacks, Habba has cultivated an image of resilience, self-describing as a "tough cookie" committed to Trump's vision, which resonates with conservative audiences but fuels narratives of favoritism in mainstream outlets often critiqued for left-leaning bias. Ongoing appeals in her U.S. Attorney appointment case, as of October 2025, continue to highlight tensions between her political loyalty and legal service requirements under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act.

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  107. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2025/08/21/trump-habba-us-attorney-prosecutors-justice-department/
  108. https://www.law.com/njlawjournal/2025/09/03/dispute-over-habba-triggers-slowdown-for-defense-lawyers-and-their-clients/
  109. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVoFVUBrKhU
  110. https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/alina-habba-accuses-federal-judges-collusion-1235414467/
  111. https://www.politico.com/newsletters/new-jersey-playbook/2025/03/31/the-risks-of-habba-00259965
  112. https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/alina-habba-prosecutor-new-jersey/
  113. https://starsunfolded.com/alina-habba/
  114. https://www.thelist.com/1683492/alina-habba-siblings-what-we-know/
  115. https://www.thelist.com/1615747/everything-know-alina-habba-ex-husband-matthew-eyet/
  116. https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/alina-habba-husband-gregg-reuben-050450165.html
  117. https://www.thelist.com/1642273/alina-habba-gregg-reuben-marriage-strange-things-everyone-ignores/
  118. https://www.politico.com/news/2025/05/20/alina-habba-new-jersey-prosecutor-00360470
  119. https://www.thehill.com/homenews/5466268-trump-pick-habba-challenged-judge/
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