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Ana Diamond
Ana Diamond
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Ana Diamond (Persian: آناهیتا دیامند; Kurdish: ئاناھیتا دیامەند; Azerbaijani: ‎آنناهیتا دیاموند Ānnāhetā Diyāmond; 14 August 1996) is a British-Iranian scholar, author, and an advocacy strategist who is patron of the NGO Hostagesses Alliance and one of the founding members of The Alliance Against State Hostage Taking. The organization was formally founded in New York on 24 September 2019.[1]

Key Information

Diamond rose to public eye following a false lawsuit brought against her by the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2014 during which she was wrongly accused of espionage for the United Kingdom, United States, and a number of Western intelligence firms. She denied the allegations throughout. Her arrest, similar to the arrest of numerous other dual-nationals, had been linked to the long-standing dispute of estimated £400m between Islamic Republic of Iran and United Kingdom.[2][3][4] In recent years, Iran's behaviour and violation of human rights have been described as hostage diplomacy.

Early life and education

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Diamond was born in Sir, West Azerbaijan and moved to Finland with her parents when she was a toddler and went to Ressu International Baccalaureate School in Helsinki. She studied Film and Media Studies and Theology at King's College London.[5] Though she was born in Iran and later obtained a temporary Iranian passport in order to visit her relatives in 2014, she is of British descent and held British and Finnish citizenships.[6] Diamond's paternal great grandparents were English missionaries who traveled to Iran in the 19th century. They settled in Urmia, Iran, home to one of the earliest Christian churches, the Assyrian Church of the East, and the site of the first American Christian mission in Iran in 1835.[7][8]

Arrest and detention in Iran

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Prior to travelling to Iran, Diamond took part in the University of California Education Abroad Program while still a student. Shortly after, she took on a filming project made possible in Jerusalem to document the life in the Old City. This, in addition to her involvement with the Conservatives when she was a teen, were used by the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corp to justify her initial travel ban and detention in Iran.[9]

She was formally arrested with her parents in January 2016.[10] For the next eight months, she was subjected to extensive interrogations while held in solitary confinement in Evin prison.[11] Diamond was briefly transferred to the public ward, along with Narges Mohammadi and Atena Farghadani. At the time, Diamond was the youngest female inmate in Evin prison and one of the few dual-nationals to experience a mock execution.[12] Diamond has described her treatment as "demeaning" and as "torture", and her case has been reported to the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention and United Nations Human Rights Council.[3]

Unlike most political and national security prisoners, Diamond was tried at the Special Clerical Court due to her family's clerical background. Her primary prosecutor was Ebrahim Raisi, who later became the eighth president of Iran.[9]

Release

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In August 2016, Diamond was released on bail pending trial in excess of £180,000. She was placed under house arrest while her father was still imprisoned.

In written evidence submitted to the UK Foreign Affairs Select Committee in April 2022, it was stated that the family's £5.5 million worth of property and assets were ultimately confiscated by the IRGC in Iran prior to their release.[13]

Following the first official visit to Iran by the British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson in late 2017, charges against Diamond were dropped and she was able to leave Iran by May 2018.[14]

Health issues

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Since her return to the UK, Diamond has been open about the psychological trauma inflicted on her and the physical harm she suffered during her detention, including arrhythmia.[15][6]

She considers herself a torture survivor.[16]

When speaking with the i newspaper, she said:[16]

The realisation that you might be taken and killed at any minute is very sobering, and in a way has been a pivotal factor in how I’ve been able to bounce forward [...] I have this renewed sense of ‘I need to make the most of my life’ because I almost lost it.

Scholarship to University of Oxford

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Diamond is a mentee of Terry Waite, an envoy for the Church of England and a former hostage negotiator. Waite was himself a hostage in Lebanon for five years, and helped Diamond to recover from her ordeal following her release. “The most important thing he taught me was that I should try to use this time of imprisonment creatively and look at it as something that strengthens my character," she has said of her mentor.[9]

She has stated that Waite played a significant role in her recovery and helped her regain her confidence.

In 2021, Diamond was accepted to study at Balliol College, Oxford with a scholarship.[17] She announced on Twitter that she was a 2021 finalist for the Rhodes Scholarship from the Global category.[18]

In a feature on The Oxford Student, she was quoted describing her time at Oxford as, "Oxford helped me realise that even if you cannot achieve full justice, you can try to prevent injustice – with your work, words, advocacy, and presence. We must make our existence in this world worthwhile, and what better place to start that journey than at university."[19]

In an interview with Emma Barnett of the BBC Woman's Hour, Diamond spoke about her experience by quoting the French novelist André Malraux: "None of us walk through hell and come back empty handed."[20]

Advocacy

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In September 2019, Diamond became one of the founding members of The Alliance Against State Hostage Taking, alongside Richard Ratcliffe, Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe's husband, Jason Rezaian, and Nizar Zakka. The Alliance was launched at the 74th United Nations General Assembly in New York City in 2019. She has also worked closely with Freedom from Torture and Hostage UK in understanding the trauma of returning hostages and their rights to demand enforceable reparation, including restitution, compensation, and rehabilitation.[21]

Since the launch of the Alliance, Diamond has collaborated on a documentary with BBC Panorama to highlight that the arrest of dual and foreign nationals in Iran is often associated with the aim of extracting money, facilitating prisoner exchanges, lifting of sanctions, repayment of arms debts or other concessions.[21]

Diamond was one of the first individuals to speak out on the inhumane conditions surrounding the arrest of Australian-British academic Kylie Moore-Gilbert.[22][23]

Following a lengthy but successful campaign for Dr Moore-Gilbert's release, Diamond gave an interview to the Guardian and said that “The Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps have been practising and perfecting their state hostage-taking for many decades now," and that she is advocating for a "legal path to hold Iran accountable for their atrocious violations of human rights and the deliberate and planned acts of kidnapping and torture of foreign nationals."[24][25]

In July 2020, the UK government announced the launch of new 'Magnitsky'-style sanctions regime to target those who have perpetuated human rights violations and abuses around the world.[26] The Alliance has contributed to the passage of Magnitsky legislation in the UK, designed to provide sanctions against individuals who have committed human rights violations. The laws are named in honour of Sergei Magnitsky, a Russian tax advisor whose exposure of corruption and misconduct in Russia led to his arrest and death in police custody.[27]

Literary work

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Diamond was awarded the 2024-2025 Alistair Horne Visiting Fellowship at St Antony's College, Oxford, to "write a significant book of non-fiction for a general readership".[28]

The same year, she won the Spread the Word Award for her non-fiction book, How Dare a Woman[29]

See also

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References

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia
Ana Diamond is a British-Iranian human rights advocate, political commentator, and researcher focused on disinformation, extremism, and opposition to state-sponsored hostage-taking by authoritarian regimes. As a Research Associate at the University of Oxford's Disinformation and Extremism Lab, her work examines the role of emerging technologies in influencing political dynamics and social movements. Diamond was detained and imprisoned in Iran's Evin Prison, an experience that propelled her into advocacy against the Iranian regime's practices of arbitrary detention and hostage diplomacy. She co-founded the Alliance Against State Hostage Taking to support families affected by such policies and to pressure governments for accountability. In 2025, she secured a major publishing deal for her memoir Breaking Silence: The Daughters of Iran, which chronicles her family's flight from Iran and the broader struggles of Iranian women under theocratic rule. Her efforts highlight systemic abuses in Iran, including the regime's use of imprisonment to silence dissent, drawing on personal testimony and policy critique to advocate for regime change and individual freedoms.

Personal Background

Early Life and Family

Ana Diamond was born in to a Muslim father who worked as a writer for the reformist newspaper Salam. In 1999, at approximately three years old, she fled the country with her father amid political pressures faced by reformist figures. The family relocated to , where her father, described as a scholar, had sought refuge from the Iranian regime. Diamond is an , raised primarily by her father and Christian in a mixed-faith . The family resided in for nearly a decade, during which Diamond lived as an Iranian-Finnish national, before moving to the when she was 14 years old. This relocation marked the beginning of her integration into British society, though her early experiences as a shaped her later advocacy work.

Education

Ana Diamond completed her undergraduate education at , where she earned a degree in and with first-class honours in 2019. During her second year of studies in 2016, she was detained in , yet continued her academic progress remotely upon release. She also participated in the Education Abroad Programme as part of her undergraduate curriculum. Following her , Diamond pursued graduate studies at the as a , focusing on Persian and languages. She graduated from Balliol College with a in Modern in December 2023.

Arrest and Detention in Iran

Circumstances of Arrest

Ana Diamond, a 19-year-old Iranian-Finnish dual national at the time, was arrested on 10 January 2016 by agents of the while visiting her grandparents in . Her ordeal began earlier, with her passports, laptop, and phone seized by IRGC personnel upon her landing in in 2015. The arrest took place in the early morning, when was approached by a carrying IRGC guards; she was forcibly detained, pushed into the , and had her head pressed between her knees to prevent her from seeing her surroundings or destination. This followed an 18-month period of restricted movement after her initial arrival, during which she faced repeated interrogations in government safe houses and was subjected to a travel ban. Iranian authorities targeted dual nationals like Diamond amid a pattern of arbitrary detentions used for political leverage, often under pretexts of threats despite lacking substantive evidence of wrongdoing.

Imprisonment Conditions

Ana Diamond was detained in Tehran's following her arrest at in 2014, where her passport was confiscated and she faced charges including . She endured over 200 days in in a small, windowless cell, interspersed with periods in a public ward. During one phase, she shared a cell with for seven months, though much of her eight-month solitary period involved isolation that exacerbated psychological strain. Interrogations by personnel were routine and protracted, lasting up to 12 hours, during which Diamond was blindfolded and subjected to psychological coercion, including threats of execution delivered as early as 5:00 a.m. and simulated gunshots accompanied by screams. Guards administered physical beatings, while interrogators employed tactics such as tests, mock executions involving transport to remote sites, and false claims that recorded screams belonged to her mother under . Verbal abuse from guards was common, with predictions that she would never be released, and her university aspirations were mocked to undermine her resolve. In the public ward, Diamond interacted with prisoners like , who provided support by cooking meals, assisting with correspondence, and organizing informal seminars on philosophy and , offering rare moments of intellectual solidarity. These conditions contributed to severe health repercussions, including (PTSD) and heart issues requiring post-release treatment, with her first professional medical evaluation occurring only after temporary bail. Diamond later described the ordeal as a systematic effort to break detainees through isolation and fear, consistent with documented practices in targeting dual nationals. Ana Diamond was arrested by agents of the (IRGC) upon her arrival in in 2014 while visiting family, and subsequently faced multiple national security-related accusations. Iranian authorities charged her with 52 offenses, primarily alleging on behalf of British intelligence (), infiltration of the Iranian , and spreading against the state. Diamond has consistently denied these claims, stating no evidence was presented during interrogations or proceedings, and describing the accusations as fabricated to justify her detention amid heightened Iran-UK tensions. The legal process was conducted under the auspices of the IRGC and Iran's Special Clerical Court, a parallel handling cases deemed threats to the Islamic Republic's foundations, often without standard or public transparency. Interrogations involved prolonged sessions emphasizing psychological pressure rather than evidentiary review, with Diamond reporting no access to independent legal counsel during initial stages. Approximately five months after her arrest, the court sentenced her to death on charges including and , a ruling issued by a noted for handling sensitive political cases. This sentence aligned with Iran's pattern of using vague laws to detain dual nationals for diplomatic leverage, as documented in analyses of similar cases. Further proceedings remained pending after her temporary release on exceeding £180,000 in August 2016, under a travel ban and ongoing monitoring. In May 2021, Iranian courts issued an additional sentence of prison time for propagating against the regime, though enforcement details were limited due to her absence from the country. Diamond's case exemplifies criticisms of Iran's judicial opacity in espionage allegations, where convictions often rely on coerced confessions absent verifiable proof, contributing to international concerns over arbitrary detention practices.

Release and Immediate Aftermath

Release Negotiations

Ana Diamond was released from on on August 13, 2016, after roughly seven months of detention in , following her on January 12, 2016. Her family personally raised the excessive amount required by Iranian authorities, which was never returned despite the eventual lifting of restrictions. This financial burden, combined with the of family assets valued at approximately £5.5 million, underscored the coercive nature of Iran's detention practices, though no formal or direct payment to the was involved in her initial prison release. Post-release, Diamond remained under and a persistent travel ban imposed by the (IRGC), preventing her departure from . Diplomatic interventions by the , of which she was a dual citizen at the time, proved ineffective in securing her full freedom or consular access during detention. Efforts focused on procedural appeals and quiet advocacy, but Iranian authorities rebuffed them, treating her case as an internal matter for dual nationals. In parallel, broader Western diplomatic channels exerted pressure amid Iran's pattern of leveraging detainees for geopolitical concessions. During a December 9, 2017, visit to , Foreign Secretary reportedly raised cases of detained foreigners with Iranian officials, including implicit requests for releases tied to ongoing nuclear and debt-related talks, though no specific linkage to Diamond's situation was confirmed. Her eventual acquittal on charges and lifting of the travel ban occurred in early 2018, enabling her exit from without a publicized swap deal. This outcome aligned with Iran's selective use of and procedural delays to extract compliance, rather than overt negotiations, as Diamond later described in critiques of the regime's tactics.

Health and Psychological Consequences

Upon her release from in May 2018 after over four years of detention, Ana Diamond required hospitalization in the for (PTSD) stemming from prolonged , including over 200 days in and mock executions. She also received treatment for heart conditions, specifically that developed during amid extended interrogations. Physically, Diamond reported and permanent disability as direct outcomes of the physical and psychological distress endured, including a nearly two-week protesting her mother's . These conditions persisted, contributing to a "mentally very dark place" immediately post-release, exacerbated by her parents' ongoing detention in . Psychologically, the ordeal left lasting anxiety and fears of the Iranian regime, reshaping her of and trust in her environment, as she noted that "for torture survivors, the world is a very different place, and it takes time to learn how to trust your environment and live pain-free." Despite these challenges, she pursued recovery through mentorship from former hostage Sir and channeled experiences into advocacy, founding organizations to support other detainees.

Academic Pursuits

Oxford Scholarship

Ana Diamond was awarded a Clarendon Scholarship to pursue an MPhil at the in 2021, following her graduation with first-class honors from . The Clarendon Fund, Oxford's flagship scholarship program, supports outstanding graduate students across disciplines, providing full funding for tuition and living expenses. Diamond's acceptance came shortly after her release from detention in , where she had been held from 2014 to 2018 on fabricated charges, enabling her to resume academic studies amid ongoing advocacy work. As a Clarendon , Diamond focused her research on , examining topics including , , and the political dynamics of . She served as a at Oxford's Disinformation and Lab, investigating the role of in influencing geopolitical narratives, particularly in authoritarian contexts. This period, spanning approximately two years from , allowed her to integrate personal experiences of arbitrary detention with scholarly analysis of and regime tactics. In 2024, Diamond received the Visiting Fellowship at , for the 2024–2025 academic year, recognizing her as a promising young historian. The fellowship, established to support emerging scholars in history and , provides financial assistance and membership for targeted research projects. Her work under this award builds on prior engagements, emphasizing historical perspectives on Middle Eastern conflicts and abuses. These scholarships underscore Diamond's transition from survivor of state-sponsored imprisonment to a contributor in academic discourse on Iran's foreign policy levers.

Fellowships and Ongoing Studies

In 2024, Ana Diamond was selected as the recipient of the Visiting Fellowship at St Antony's , , for the 2024–2025 . This biennial award, established to support emerging first-time authors in producing significant non-fiction histories for general readerships aligned with the college's regional studies foci, provided a £20,000 research grant, full membership in the college, access, and dining privileges. Eligibility excludes active doctoral candidates finalizing theses, emphasizing independent scholarly writing over degree completion. As the tenth woman to hold the fellowship since its inception in 1969, Diamond utilized the position to advance her historical research on Iranian women's experiences, focusing on completing a that integrates testimonies with a feminist analysis of their overlooked contributions amid contested national narratives. This project builds on her prior MPhil in Modern from , completed in 2023, and draws from archival and personal sources to document ordinary women's agency under the . Concurrently, Diamond maintains ongoing research as a at the University of Oxford's Disinformation and Extremism Lab, investigating the subtle influences of on patterns of and , particularly in authoritarian contexts like . Her work there complements the fellowship by applying empirical analysis to technology's causal role in amplifying state and suppressing dissent, informed by her firsthand experiences with Iranian regime tactics.

Advocacy Efforts

Key Organizations and Initiatives

Ana Diamond co-founded the Families Alliance Against State Hostage Taking in September 2019, alongside relatives of other detainees including , husband of . The organization, initially launched on the sidelines of the in New York, aims to expose and counter state-sponsored by authoritarian regimes, with a focus on Iran's systematic detention of foreign and dual nationals on fabricated charges to extract concessions such as prisoner swaps or sanctions relief. The alliance's core initiatives include advocacy for policy reforms in Western governments to designate such detentions as hostage-taking, impose targeted sanctions on responsible officials, and refuse negotiations that reward captor states. Diamond has testified before the UK Parliament on the need for formal recognition of Iran's tactics, submitting in 2023 that detailed over 20 cases of dual nationals held since 2010, often linked to nuclear deal leverage. The group has collaborated with international bodies to document patterns, such as Iran's use of for psychological coercion, drawing from Diamond's own 200 days in between 2016 and 2018. Building on this, the alliance evolved into broader efforts under affiliated networks like the Global Alliance Against State Kidnapping and Hostage-Taking, emphasizing survivor testimonies to influence and prevent concessions that perpetuate the practice—over 100 individuals affected globally since 2010, per documented cases. Diamond's role has involved public campaigns, including media op-eds and parliamentary submissions, to highlight how regimes exploit detainees as "bargaining chips," urging non-engagement until unconditional releases.

Campaigns Against Iranian Hostage Diplomacy

Ana Diamond co-founded the Families Alliance Against State Hostage Taking in September 2019, launching the organization on the sidelines of the in New York to raise awareness of state-sponsored hostage-taking by regimes including . The group, comprising relatives of detainees and former hostages, aimed to pressure governments to abandon quiet diplomacy in favor of public condemnation and international action, such as seeking meetings with Iranian officials to address over 60 cases of arbitrary detentions since 2010. In her advocacy, Diamond submitted written evidence to the UK Parliament's Foreign Affairs Committee in 2022, detailing Iran's pattern of detaining dual nationals and foreigners as leverage in geopolitical disputes, including her own four-year ordeal from 2014 to 2018 involving asset seizures worth £5.5 million. She proposed practical remedies, such as establishing a UK Hostage Support Fund from Iranian frozen assets under Magnitsky sanctions and redirecting the £400 million debt payment owed by Britain to compensate victims rather than facilitating releases. Diamond also co-campaigned with activist , including an to MPs on March 22, 2022, urging recognition of non-citizen victims with British ties and stronger countermeasures against Iran's tactics. Diamond has publicly criticized Western concessions to , arguing in February 2025 that governments were "tip-toeing" around Tehran's blackmail by prioritizing deals over deterrence, which emboldens further detentions. In the same period, she joined relatives of detainees like Craig Foreman in interviews, asserting that the West's failure to impose costs—such as —allows to hold individuals on fabricated charges without repercussions. Following a 2023 UK- prisoner swap, she described the outcome as "laughing in our faces," emphasizing that such exchanges reward hostage-taking without addressing underlying leverage tactics. Through these efforts, Diamond has advocated for victim-centered policies, including collaborations with organizations like REDRESS and to pursue asset recovery and legal accountability.

Critiques of Western Responses to Iran

Ana Diamond has criticized Western governments for adopting policies toward that inadvertently reward hostage-taking by prioritizing short-term releases over long-term deterrence. She argues that concessions, such as prisoner swaps and the unfreezing of Iranian assets, signal weakness and embolden the to continue detaining dual nationals and foreigners as leverage. In response to the August 2023 deals that freed five American detainees and British-Iranian nationals in exchange for approximately $6 billion in previously frozen ian oil revenues, Diamond described the outcomes as infuriating, stating, "I used to be elated for the release of fellow hostages but now I only feel infuriated." She contended that these arrangements allow the (IRGC) to treat as a "lucrative business model" driven by profit rather than genuine negotiation, with viewing asset releases as effective ransoms. Diamond warned that such transactions exploit "the democratic and conscientious mechanisms of our governments," perpetuating a cycle where detains more individuals to extract further concessions. Diamond has drawn parallels to earlier cases, including the 2016 settlement of a £400 million historical debt by the coinciding with Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe's release, which she and others interpreted as a ransom payment that encouraged subsequent detentions. She maintains that Western infighting and reluctance to designate Iran's practices explicitly as state-sponsored —despite over 20 known cases involving Western nationals since 2010—have led to inconsistent enforcement of sanctions and diplomatic pressure. More broadly, Diamond has faulted the West for "tip-toeing" around Iran's hostage strategy, advocating instead for unified punitive actions such as suspending nuclear deal revival efforts like the (JCPOA) to target the regime's leadership directly. In her view, failing to counter this tactic holistically, as seen in delayed or fragmented responses to detainees like the Foremans in 2025, undermines deterrence and prioritizes over accountability.

Literary Contributions

Early Writings

Ana Diamond began her literary career with narrative non-fiction rooted in her experiences as a British-Iranian dual citizen and former detainee in , initially publishing under the A.D. Aaba Atach to explore themes of and suppressed histories. As a Film & Media Studies student at , Diamond contributed an with Iranian filmmaker Narges Abyar, published in the fall 2018 issue of Cineaste, discussing in Iranian cinema and the challenges faced by women directors under regime constraints. This piece highlighted her early analytical approach to cultural resistance, drawing on her multilingual, nomadic upbringing across continents. Her subsequent submissions under the A.D. Aaba Atach name earned selection for the London Library's Emerging Writers' Programme in 2023–2024, where she researched and drafted segments of a memoir centered on Iranian women's silenced narratives, emphasizing historical and personal testimonies over regime-approved accounts. In 2024, she received a Early Career Bursary, providing financial support for low-income writers to advance this project, which focused on intergenerational stories of defiance against authoritarian control. An extract from this early memoir work, titled "Breaking Silence: The Daughters of ," appeared in Library's May 2025 publication, previewing themes of familial resilience and gender persecution derived from primary oral histories and archival sources. These efforts marked Diamond's transition from academic commentary to structured literary advocacy, prioritizing empirical accounts over politicized interpretations prevalent in some Western media coverage of .

Major Publications and Memoir

Ana Diamond has published opinion pieces in major outlets addressing Iran's abuses and the plight of political prisoners. In a opinion article dated October 21, 2022, she analyzed contemporaneous events in , including a fire at and climber Elnaz Rekabi's competition without a , as indicators of mounting resistance against the regime. On March 24, 2020, she co-authored with Yonah Diamond a opinion piece highlighting the heightened vulnerability of Iran's political prisoners to due to prison conditions and regime denialism. Diamond also submitted written evidence to the UK Parliament's Foreign Affairs Committee in 2023, providing a firsthand account of her 2016 detention in as part of an inquiry into . Her principal literary contribution is the forthcoming memoir Breaking Silence: The Daughters of Iran, acquired by Canongate Books in a major six-figure pre-empt announced on March 6, 2025. Framed through Diamond's experiences of incarceration on death row in Evin Prison at age 19, the narrative traces 150 years across four generations of women in her Iranian family, emphasizing their struggles under successive regimes. Canongate holds UK and Commonwealth rights, while Simon & Schuster will publish in the United States. The work builds on her advocacy for Iranian women's rights, amplifying suppressed family histories amid state persecution. As of October 2025, no release date has been specified, positioning it as her debut book-length publication.

References

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