Hubbry Logo
Charles SoludoCharles SoludoMain
Open search
Charles Soludo
Community hub
Charles Soludo
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Charles Soludo
Charles Soludo
Charles Soludo
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

Charles Chukwuma Soludo CFR (// ⓘ; born 28 July 1960) is a Nigerian politician, banker, and economist who has served as the governor of Anambra State since March 2022.[1][2] He is a former governor and chairman of the board of directors of the Central Bank of Nigeria, from 2004 to 2009.

Key Information

Soludo is a member of the British Department for International Development's International Advisory Group and was a member of President Buhari's Presidential Economic Advisory Committee.[3]

Early and personal life

[edit]

Soludo was born on 28 July 1960 in Isuofia, Anambra State, Nigeria. His father was from Isuanioma in Aguata, and his mother reportedly died during the Nigerian Civil War, when Soludo was about eight. He attended secondary school at Uga Boys High School, where he served as the senior prefect, before proceeding to the University of Nigeria (UNN) in Nsukka, Enugu State, where he graduated with a degree in economics in 1984. He got his master's degree in 1987 and doctorate in 1989. In 1998, he became a professor of economics at UNN.[4][5]

Soludo married Nonye Soludo in 1992,[6] and they have six children.[7]

Career

[edit]

Academia

[edit]

Soludo has been a visiting scholar at the International Monetary Fund, the University of Cambridge, the Brookings Institution, the University of Warwick, and the University of Oxford as well as a visiting professor at Swarthmore College (USA). He has also worked as a consultant for a number of international organisations, including the World Bank, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, and the United Nations Development Programme.[8][9][10] Soludo is a professional in the business of macroeconomics. He obtained his three degrees and then professorship at the University of Nigeria in Nsukka, Enugu State. Soludo graduated with a First Class Honours degree in 1984,[11] an MSc Economics in 1987, and a PhD in 1989, winning prizes for the best student at all three levels.[10][12]

Chukwuma has been trained and involved in research, teaching, and auditing in such disciplines as multi-country macro-econometric modelling, techniques of computable general equilibrium modelling, survey methodology, and panel data econometrics, among others. He studied and taught these courses at many universities, including Oxford, Cambridge, and Warwick. Soludo has co-authored, co-edited, and authored a number of books on this subject matter.[12]

In 1998, Soludo was appointed to the position of professor of economics at the University of Nigeria; the next year he became a visiting professor at Swarthmore College in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, USA.[13]

Governor of Central Bank

[edit]
See also: List of governors of the Central Bank of Nigeria

Soludo joined the federal government in 2003 and served as chief economic adviser to President Olusegun Obasanjo.[14] Prior to his May 2004 appointment to the CBN's chairmanship, he was the Chief Executive of the National Planning Commission of Nigeria.[15][16] In January 2008, in a speech to the Nigerian Economic Society, he predicted consolidation in the private banking industry, saying "By the end of 2008, there will be fewer banks than there are today.[17] The restructuring of the banking industry has been attracting funds from local and foreign investors, which have increased banks' ability to lend to customers".[18] Soludo hopes to see Nigeria become Africa's financial hub,[19] and considers microfinance important to the federal government's economic policies.[20]

Appointment to Economic Advisory Council

On 16 September 2019, the President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, appointed Soludo as a member of a newly formed 8-member Economic Advisory Council (EAC) which would report directly to the President on issues related to national economic policies.[21]

Governor of Anambra State (2022–present)

[edit]

First term

[edit]
See also: 2021 Anambra State gubernatorial election

In September 2009, Soludo announced his aspiration for the seat of the Governor of Anambra State, in the southeastern Nigerian state's election of 9 February 2010.[22] On 9 October 2009, the People's Democratic Party (PDP) chose Soludo as their consensus candidate for the position from a field of 47 candidates, after repeated attempts to hold elective primaries were stalled by court injunctions.[23] However, his nomination was contested by 23 of the 47 aspirants, citing lack of transparency in the process.[23]

After this initial rancour, 36 out of the 47 candidates, and several top candidates of the PDP affirmed their support for Soludo on Wednesday, 14 October 2009.[24][25] Soludo went on to lose to Peter Obi in an election that was largely considered free and fair according to major election observers.[26] However, with his perceived solid performance as CBN governor, Soludo remains a respected economic policy authority in Nigeria. Political commentators, while urging an issue-based campaign in the 2011 election, had called on aspirants to work with respected economists like Soludo towards an acceptable economic plan.[27]

On 17 July 2013, Soludo resigned from the PDP after writing a letter to the National Chairman of the party, Alhaji Bamanga Tukur. He later joined the All Progressives Grand Alliance in preparation for the November 2013 governorship race in Anambra state. In mid-August 2013, he, along with five other qualified aspirants, were disqualified by the APGA Screening Committee.[28]

In February 2021, Soludo officially declared his intention to run for the position of Governor of Anambra State under the banner of APGA.[29] A month later, unidentified gunmen disrupted an interactive session between Isuofia youths and Soludo at the town's civic centre, leading to the death of three police officers.[30]

On 9 November 2021, the Independent National Electoral Commission announced Soludo as the winner of the 2021 Anambra State gubernatorial election and governor-elect of Anambra State.[31][32] He was issued a certificate of return on 13 November 2021.[33]

On 17 March 2022, Soludo was sworn in as the fifth Governor of Anambra State. During the inaugural event, a fight broke out between the wife of former Governor of Anambra State Willie Obiano, Ebele Obiano, and the wife of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, Bianca Odumegwu-Ojukwu.[34]

Second term

[edit]

In November 2025, Soludo stood for re-election as governor of Anambra.[35] He won by a majority of more than 300,000 votes.[36] It was the second time for a candidate to win all 21 local government areas of the state, after Willie Obiano in 2017.[37]

In December, he launched the "Onwa Dezemba" feast, aimed to project Igbo culture and communal bonding in the state.[38]

Distinctions

[edit]

Publications

[edit]
1992
  • "North-South Macroeconomic Interactions: Comparative Analysis using the MULTIMOD and INTERMOD global models", Charles Chukwuma Soludo, Brookings discussion papers in international economics, Brookings Institution (1992)
1993
  • "Implications of alternative macroeconomic policy responses to external shocks in Africa", Charles Chukwuma Soludo, Development research papers series, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Socio-Economic Research and Planning Division (1993)
  • "Growth performance in Africa: Further evidence on the external shocks versus domestic policy debate", Charles Chukwuma Soludo, Development research papers series, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Socio-Economic Research and Planning Division (1993)
1994
  • "The Consequences of US Fiscal Actions in a Global Model with Alternative Assumptions about the Exchange Regime in Developing Countries", Ralph C. Bryan and Charles Chukwuma Soludo. Chapter 13 in David Currie and David Vines, eds., North-South Linkages and International Macroeconomic Policy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press for the Centre for Economic Policy Research. (Brookings Discussion Paper in International Economics No. 103. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, February 1994.)
1995
  • "Macroeconomic adjustment, trade, and growth: Policy analysis using a macroeconomic model of Nigeria", Charles Chukwuma Soludo, AERC research paper, African Economic Research Consortium (1995) ISBN 9966-900-26-8 ISBN 978-9966900265
1998
  • Soludo, Charles Chukwuma (1998). Macroeconomic Policy Modelling of African Economies. Acena. ISBN 978-2114-29-4.
1999
  • "Our Continent, Our Future: African Perspectives on Structural Adjustment", T. Mkandawire and C.C. Soludo, Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, Dakar, 1999, in Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 1:2, 1999.
2002
2004
2006
  • "Potential Impacts of the New Global Financial Architecture on Poor Countries", Edited by Charles Soludo, Musunuru Rao, ISBN 978-2-86978-158-0, 80 pages, 2006, CODESRIA, Senegal, Paperback

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Charles Soludo

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Chukwuma Charles Soludo, CFR (born 28 July 1960), is a Nigerian economist and politician who has served as Governor of Anambra State since March 2022. He previously held the position of Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) from 2004 to 2009, during which he spearheaded banking sector reforms that raised minimum capital requirements from ₦2 billion to ₦25 billion, consolidating the industry from 89 to 25 banks and stabilizing the financial system while growing foreign reserves from $10 billion to $62 billion. Born in Isuofia, , Soludo earned a first-class honours B.Sc. in from the , in 1984, followed by an M.Sc. in 1987 and a Ph.D. in and in 1989, receiving awards as the best graduating student at each level. His academic career included roles as a lecturer and professor at the , , and visiting positions at institutions such as the and . As Chief Economic Adviser to President from 2003 to 2004, he advised on national economic policy before assuming the CBN governorship. In , Soludo's administration emphasizes a 50-year , with notable initiatives including the of over 8,000 teachers, making free, and increasing school enrollment by 18.7%. His tenure has drawn recent awards such as the African Governor of the Year and African Public Service Excellence Award, recognizing infrastructural and economic transformations. Soludo has faced criticisms, including a 2013 EFCC investigation over a during his CBN era and recent political disputes involving statements on and youth involvement in kidnappings.

Early Life and Education

Family Background and Childhood

Charles Chukwuma Soludo was born on July 28, 1960, in Isuofia, Local Government Area of , . He was the son of Pa Simeon Soludo and his wife, Mgbafor, hailing from a modest rural family in the Igbo community. Soludo's mother died during the , when he was about eight years old, leaving a significant impact on his early years. Following her death, he was raised primarily in the village of Isuofia, where he experienced the challenges of a poor, agrarian upbringing typical of post-war rural . Despite these hardships, Soludo demonstrated early resilience, engaging in village activities such as playing football amid the local environment, which shaped his formative experiences before pursuing formal .

Academic Achievements

Soludo earned a degree in with First Class Honours from the , Nsukka, in 1984, receiving the prize for the best graduating student in the department. He continued his studies at the same institution, obtaining a in in 1987 and a in and Monetary Economics in 1989, with awards for academic excellence conferred at each postgraduate level. These accomplishments established his early reputation as an outstanding scholar in economic analysis and quantitative methods.

Academic Career

University Positions and Research Focus

Soludo commenced his academic career as a in the Department of Economics at the , , serving from February 1988 to July 2003. In 1998, he was promoted to the position of Professor of Economics at the same institution, a role he held while advancing his research and policy contributions. He also served as Visiting Professor at in , USA, from January to July 1999. His university roles were complemented by several visiting academic appointments, including Smuts Research Scholar at the , UK (September 1996–June 1997), Visiting Fellow at the , UK (July 1997), and Visiting Scholar at the (April–July 1994 and August 1997). Soludo's research emphasized open economy , multi-country macroeconometric modeling, monetary and , and finance, and , with a particular critique of IMF and World Bank structural adjustment programs in . He applied econometric models to analyze macroeconomic adjustment, trade, and growth policies, notably developing a for to evaluate policy impacts. Key publications include Our Continent, Our Future: African Perspectives on Structural Adjustment (1998), which examined adjustment policies across , and Macroeconomic Adjustment, Trade, and Growth: Policy Analysis Using a Macroeconomic Model of Nigeria (1995), focusing on 's economic dynamics. Other works, such as The Political Economy of in , 1960–2000 (2008), explored long-term growth factors and policy failures on the continent.

Contributions to Economic Theory

Soludo's scholarly contributions to economic theory primarily lie in and the of African policy-making, where he has critiqued orthodox neoliberal approaches and advocated for context-specific models incorporating institutional and structural factors. In his 1995 paper, Macroeconomic Adjustment, , and Growth: Policy Analysis Using a of , Soludo developed a medium-sized forward-looking tailored to the Nigerian economy, integrating to simulate policy scenarios on adjustment, liberalization, and growth; this framework emphasized the limitations of one-size-fits-all reforms in resource-dependent economies and highlighted the role of domestic savings and investment in sustaining growth amid external shocks. A central theme in Soludo's work is the reevaluation of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) imposed by Bretton Woods institutions. Co-editing Our Continent, Our Future: African Perspectives on (1999) with Thandika Mkandawire, he compiled analyses from African economists arguing that SAPs exacerbated and inequality by prioritizing fiscal and without addressing underlying structural weaknesses, such as weak institutions and dependence; the volume proposed alternatives like selective and state intervention to foster endogenous growth, drawing on empirical evidence from Africa's post-1980s stagnation. This heterodox stance challenged the universality of policies, positing that causal mechanisms in African economies require causal realism grounded in historical and political contexts rather than abstract market fundamentalism. Soludo extended this critique to debt dynamics and . In The Debt Trap in Nigeria: Towards a Sustainable Debt Strategy, he modeled sustainability thresholds for low-income countries, demonstrating through simulations that high burdens distort and growth via crowding-out effects, and recommended diversified strategies over indefinite borrowing; his analysis used Nigerian data from the 1980s–1990s to argue for tied to governance reforms. Complementing this, in The Politics of Trade and in : Forced Consensus? (2004), co-edited with Osita Ogbu and , Soludo examined how international pressures led to suboptimal trade liberalization in , using case studies to illustrate that effective demands political insulation from short-term lobbies and long-term state capacity-building, countering claims of inevitable market-led convergence. These works underscore Soludo's emphasis on endogenous factors in economic modeling, influencing debates on African .

National Economic Roles

Chief Economic Adviser to the President

Charles Chukwuma Soludo was appointed Chief Economic Adviser to President Olusegun Obasanjo in July 2003, serving in this capacity until May 2004. In August 2003, he concurrently assumed the role of Deputy Chairman and Chief Executive of the National Planning Commission, where he oversaw national development planning efforts. During his tenure, Soludo led the formulation of the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS), a medium-term economic blueprint launched in to foster private sector-led growth, macroeconomic stability, and structural reforms across , , and gas, services, and sectors. NEEDS targeted through empowerment initiatives, including enhancing , , and services, while emphasizing fiscal discipline and ; it projected annual GDP growth of 7-8% and aimed to diversify the beyond dependency. Soludo's work extended to pioneering a collaborative federal framework, supporting 36 states in developing parallel State Economic Empowerment and Development Strategies () aligned with NEEDS objectives. Soludo's advisory contributions influenced early Obasanjo administration policies on and planning, though some critics attributed market volatility, such as naira fluctuations, to public statements he made hypothesizing potential scenarios. His brief role laid groundwork for subsequent reforms, transitioning him to the governorship in May 2004.

Governorship of the Central Bank of Nigeria

Charles Chukwuma Soludo was appointed Governor of the (CBN) on 29 May 2004 by President , succeeding Joseph Sanusi, and served a single five-year term until 29 May 2009. During his tenure, Soludo prioritized reforming the fragile banking sector and enhancing frameworks to address systemic weaknesses, including high non-performing loans and inadequate capitalization amid Nigeria's oil-driven . His approach emphasized consolidation to create resilient institutions capable of supporting broader , refocusing the CBN as a proactive monetary authority. The cornerstone of Soludo's reforms was the July 2004 banking sector recapitalization policy, which mandated a minimum shareholders' of ₦25 billion—up from ₦2 billion—effective by 31 December 2005. This initiative reduced the number of commercial banks from 89 to 25 through mergers, acquisitions, and license revocations of 14 weaker institutions, addressing pre-reform vulnerabilities where only 62 of 89 banks were rated sound or satisfactory as of March 2004. Post-consolidation, the sector saw deposits and credit expand more than twofold, non-performing loans decline significantly, and several banks achieve global prominence, with 14 ranking among the world's top 1,000 by 2005 and two entering the top 300 by 2008. Soludo described the process as a "dangerous war" against entrenched interests, crediting it with laying the foundation for Nigeria's mega-banks. On , Soludo pursued a tightening stance to curb , which averaged 13.7% in 2004, through adjustments and reserve requirements while advancing liberalization. In August 2007, he unveiled a "Strategic Agenda for the Naira," aiming for partial convertibility by enhancing liquidity management and reducing dollarization, though implementation faced delays amid global credit concerns. These measures contributed to banking system stability, with the sector deemed the "safest and soundest" in Nigeria's history by mid-tenure, supporting GDP growth averaging over 6% annually from 2004 to 2008. However, critics, including former Finance Minister , argued that post-consolidation supervision lapsed, enabling risky lending practices that precipitated the 2009 banking crisis requiring government bailouts of ₦620 billion for undercapitalized institutions. Soludo's term concluded without renewal under President Umaru Yar'Adua, amid reports of policy inconsistencies and opposition to initiatives like removing inscriptions from naira notes, with appointed successor. Despite controversies, the reforms are credited with modernizing Nigeria's financial architecture, earning Soludo recognition from and for bolstering systemic resilience.

Banking Sector Consolidation and Reforms

Upon assuming office as Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) on May 29, 2004, Charles Soludo initiated comprehensive banking sector reforms to address systemic weaknesses, including undercapitalization and fragility among the 89 operating banks, 16 of which were deemed precarious. The centerpiece was the July 6, 2004, announcement of a recapitalization policy mandating all commercial banks to raise their minimum paid-up capital from ₦2 billion to ₦25 billion by December 31, 2005, a 1,150% increase designed to foster consolidation through rather than widespread closures. The policy compelled banks to pursue , public offerings, or strategic alliances, resulting in the reduction of banks from 89 to 25 by the deadline, with the surviving institutions achieving a collective capital base exceeding ₦800 billion. This consolidation enhanced by curtailing reliance on deposits and enabling banks to finance large-scale infrastructure and projects, thereby reducing exposure. Empirical assessments indicate the reforms bolstered key performance metrics, including positive and significant improvements in and net profit margins, though they correlated with reduced due to higher capital costs. The strengthened sector withstood the 2008 global financial crisis, laying the foundation for Nigeria's emergence of mega-banks capable of regional expansion. Soludo's approach prioritized enforced over voluntary measures, which had previously failed amid global trends toward consolidation, ultimately transforming a fragmented industry into a more resilient framework.

Monetary Policy and Economic Stabilization

During his tenure as Governor of the from May 2004 to June 2009, Charles Soludo implemented a framework emphasizing as the primary long-term objective, alongside efforts to deepen market and enhance financial integration. This approach involved a shift toward non-accommodating to achieve macroeconomic stability, supported by prudent fiscal measures, which helped reduce volatility in rates and promote . A key innovation was the introduction of the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) in December 2006, accompanied by a corridor system of lending and deposit rates, which effectively curbed excessive fluctuations in short-term interest rates and provided a clearer signal for policy direction. Soludo also adjusted reserve requirements, including a reduction in the Reserve in December 2005 to ease liquidity constraints while maintaining control over growth. These measures aimed to anchor expectations and foster a environment for banking sector reforms, with the CBN forecasting a decline to single-digit —around 9%—by 2006. Under Soludo's policies, Nigeria's average annual rate fell slightly to 11.8% during 2004–2009 from 12.4% in the preceding period (1999–2004), reflecting tighter monetary stance amid rising oil revenues. External reserves expanded significantly from approximately $10 billion to a peak of $62 billion by 2008, bolstering stability and enabling interventions to manage naira volatility in the forex market. However, persistent inflationary pressures from fiscal deficits and supply-side bottlenecks limited deeper reductions, with critics noting that remained in double digits for much of the period despite these efforts. Overall, the framework laid groundwork for more market-oriented monetary operations, though its effectiveness was intertwined with external factors like global commodity prices.

Achievements, Awards, and Criticisms

During his tenure as Governor of the from May 2004 to June 2009, Soludo spearheaded the banking sector consolidation policy, announced on July 6, 2004, which mandated a minimum of N25 billion for commercial banks, up from N2 billion, leading to that reduced the number of banks from 89 to 25 by the end of 2005. This reform strengthened the financial system's resilience, eradicated widespread fears of bank failures, restored public confidence, and positioned Nigerian banks for international expansion, with several establishing subsidiaries in and beyond. Soludo's monetary policy initiatives included tightening liquidity to combat , such as withdrawing N60 billion in NNPC funds from banks in 2005 to reduce excess amid rising inflationary pressures. These measures contributed to economic stabilization, with the reforms under his leadership credited for enhancing Nigeria's financial infrastructure overall. For these accomplishments, Soludo received the Global Central Bank Governor of the Year award from magazine (published by the of London) in 2005, 2006, and 2007, as well as the corresponding African Central Bank Governor of the Year honors in those years. Criticisms of Soludo's tenure focused on perceived regulatory shortcomings following consolidation, with detractors arguing that the CBN under his leadership failed to adequately supervise the enlarged banks, allowing risks such as poor and unethical practices to build up, which contributed to the 2009 banking crisis addressed by his successor, Lamido Sanusi. Former Finance Minister described Soludo as Nigeria's worst CBN governor, citing an "anomaly in financial sector supervision" where post-consolidation oversight did not scale with bank sizes, leading to vulnerabilities. Soludo defended his record, emphasizing that no banks failed during the consolidation phase and highlighting the challenges overcome to prevent .

Governorship of Anambra State

2021 Election and Inauguration

The 2021 Anambra State gubernatorial election occurred on November 6, 2021, with Charles Soludo, the (APGA) candidate and former governor, emerging victorious. The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) declared Soludo the winner on November 10, 2021, after he secured 112,229 votes, defeating his closest rival, of the Democratic Party (PDP) with 51,314 votes, and of the (APC) with 43,841 votes. Soludo won in 19 of the state's 21 areas, reflecting APGA's incumbency advantage under outgoing Governor . The election was characterized by historic low , estimated at around 10% of the approximately 2.1 million registered voters, attributed to widespread insecurity from attacks by unknown gunmen, threats discouraging participation, and logistical delays including a supplementary poll in on November 9, 2021. Despite these challenges, Soludo's campaign emphasized economic expertise, renewal, and restoration, aligning with APGA's regional dominance in Igbo-majority Anambra. Post-election, rivals Ozigbo and Uba filed petitions challenging the results on grounds of irregularities and non-compliance, but Soludo was inaugurated as on March 17, , at the in , marking the end of Obiano's term. The low-key swearing-in ceremony, administered by Anambra State Chief Judge Onochie Anyachebelu, proceeded amid ongoing litigation, with subsequent and rulings upholding Soludo's victory. In his inaugural address, Soludo pledged accountable governance, judicious use of resources, and transformative development for the state.

Fiscal Policies and Revenue Generation

Upon in March 2022, Charles Soludo emphasized reforming Anambra State's revenue collection mechanisms to reduce dependence on federal allocations and enhance fiscal autonomy, aligning with his pre-election manifesto goal of achieving self-sufficiency within eight years. Key initiatives included digitizing tax administration through electronic payments, records, and one-stop platforms to curb leakages and improve compliance, particularly targeting evasion in commercial hubs like Onitsha and markets, which he described as the state's economic "oil wells." These reforms also incorporated the Tax for Service Project, a collaborative effort with to link revenue to visible public improvements, fostering trust and addressing issues like multiple taxation and collector diversions estimated at over 50% in some sectors. The policies yielded measurable gains in Internally Generated Revenue (IGR), rising from an average of ₦2.2 billion monthly in 2023 to ₦5.2 billion by late 2024, representing over 100% growth within one year. This uptick was driven by sanitized collection processes and heightened enforcement against affluent evaders, though challenges persisted, including persistent leakages and public complaints over perceived over-taxation on low-income traders. Despite these hurdles, the administration reported record monthly figures, such as ₦2.8 billion in July 2023, signaling early momentum from the digital overhaul. Soludo's fiscal framework extended to prudent budgeting, exemplified by the 2025 of ₦606.9 billion—signed into law on December 23, 2024—prioritizing 77% while targeting ₦60 billion in annual IGR (₦5 billion monthly). The underscored cost-cutting in recurrent spending (23% of total) and leveraging public-private partnerships to bridge a projected ₦148.3 billion deficit, amid acknowledgments of underperformance in prior IGR projections due to evasion and economic headwinds. Overall, these measures aimed at compounding state wealth through efficient , though critics noted that federal transfers still dominated inflows, with ₦518 billion received from FAAC between April 2022 and January 2025.

Infrastructure and Development Projects

Governor Chukwuma Charles Soludo's administration in has emphasized extensive road construction and rehabilitation as a cornerstone of development, aiming to connect rural communities and boost intra-state . By October 2025, the government reported completing or rehabilitating over 1,000 kilometers of roads, including trunk A roads promised during Soludo's 2021 campaign, alongside flyovers and bridges to alleviate in urban centers like and . In September 2025, Soludo approved ₦43.7 billion in contracts for road projects, erosion control, school rehabilitations, and medical facilities, reflecting a strategy to integrate physical with development. Key road initiatives include the August 2025 flag-off of a major artery in connecting St. Stephen through Isiokwe, Ogboli, Onyeabo, and Opio areas, designed to improve access in densely populated commercial zones. Earlier efforts encompassed the 3.2-kilometer Nri-Agbanagbo Road in Nri community, inspected and initiated in September 2025, and a 35-kilometer superhighway featuring seven flyovers and a bridge, highlighted in March 2025 for its engineering scale to link key economic corridors. In June 2025, an additional ₦10.4 billion was allocated specifically for and complementary road works, addressing environmental vulnerabilities exacerbated by seasonal flooding in riverine areas. Beyond roads, Soludo has advanced and specialized infrastructure, such as the July 2025 commissioning of the Solution Market and Solution Park in Ekwulọbịa, Local Government Area, to modernize trading hubs and reduce informal market sprawl. The administration unveiled an Anambra Railway blueprint in June 2025, outlining intra-state rail connectivity to complement road networks and support industrial logistics. Technological development projects include the Solution Innovation District in , with a temporary site commissioned to foster a "Silicon Valley" for health, education, agriculture, and security innovations, aligning with broader goals of sustainable economic hubs. In May 2025, President inaugurated several completed projects, underscoring federal-state collaboration on these initiatives. These efforts have been credited with fueling by enhancing productivity and job creation, though implementation timelines and funding dependencies on state revenues remain focal points in budget proposals. The 2025 state budget speech emphasized continued investment in such projects to position Anambra as a livable and investable .

Security Measures and Challenges

Upon assuming office in March 2021, Governor Charles Soludo inherited severe security challenges in Anambra State, including rampant armed robbery, kidnappings, cultism, touting, criminal idolatry, land grabbing, and a drug epidemic that instilled constant fear among residents. These issues were exacerbated by broader Southeast regional instability, such as activities by unknown gunmen and enforcement of sit-at-home orders linked to separatist groups, which crippled economic activities and local governance in several areas. Soludo's administration reported recovering control of eight local government areas from such threats within the first 12 months through intensified collaboration with federal security forces. To address these, Soludo pursued a holistic security strategy emphasizing both kinetic operations and non-kinetic measures, such as and moral reorientation to counter underlying drivers like weak and societal moral decay. Key initiatives included the of a state security supervisory committee on April 2, 2025, to coordinate efforts and tame insecurity. In January 2025, he launched "Operation Udo Ga-Achi" (Peace Shall Prevail), procuring 200 patrol vehicles and establishing forward operating bases that facilitated the arrest of over 3,000 suspected criminals. The passed the Homeland Security Bill into law on January 16, 2025, enabling enhanced tracking systems, command-and-control integration for voice, video, and data, and targeted operations against , armed , and cultism. Additional steps involved appointing a Special Adviser on Community Security and promoting vigilante-style to bolster local responsiveness. Despite these efforts, challenges persist, with critics like decrying ongoing poor outcomes as of August 2025, attributing them partly to inadequate federal support and entrenched criminal networks. Soludo has claimed measurable , including reduced crime rates in targeted areas and public support for the initiatives, positioning Anambra as a potential model for state-level reforms amid national inadequacies. However, the administration acknowledges the need for sustained national intervention, as local measures alone cannot fully eradicate cross-border threats like those from herdsmen incursions or syndicates.

Major Controversies and Opposition Criticisms

Governor Soludo's administration has faced criticism from opposition figures and traditional stakeholders over perceived overreach in regulating traditional institutions. In January 2024, Soludo dissolved the Anambra Traditional Rulers Council, citing violations in its composition under prior laws, which prompted accusations from Igbo traditional leaders of undermining cultural autonomy. He suspended Igwe Damian Onuorah of Neni for conferring a chieftaincy title on Senator , an () politician, before reinstating him after efforts, a move opposition parties framed as politically motivated suppression of . Further, in December 2024, Soludo cancelled a purported for the traditional of Oba , arguing procedural irregularities, which drew rebukes from local groups for interfering in affairs. Critics, including traditional rulers like , have accused Soludo of systematically disgracing the institution through and public humiliations. Security measures implemented to combat rising crime and have elicited opposition concerns regarding and potential abuses. In May 2022, Soludo imposed curfews and restricted operations of motorcycles (okadas), tricycles (kekes), and shuttle buses in eight areas affected by attacks linked to groups like the (IPOB), aiming to curb unknown gunmen activities; these were temporary and not a statewide ban, despite circulating . By February 2025, the launch of vigilante-style outfits like Agunechemba and Udo-Ga-Achi faced allegations of extrajudicial killings and reckless operations, with advocates urging probes into false labeling and frivolous petitions leading to detentions. Labour Party critic Peter and others dismissed arming civilians as unsustainable, arguing it escalates risks without addressing root causes like federal lapses in intelligence. Opposition parties have portrayed these policies as heavy-handed, potentially alienating youth reliant on informal transport amid economic hardships. Ahead of the November 2025 gubernatorial election, Soludo's pledge of N1 million per ward won by his (APGA) in local polls sparked accusations of vote-buying from rivals like the Labour Party and , who labeled it undemocratic manipulation timed to influence outcomes. Critics argued the cash incentives, announced in October 2025, undermine and reflect desperation amid perceived governance failures, such as incomplete projects. These claims have fueled broader opposition narratives questioning Soludo's commitment to transparent , though APGA defended it as rewarding mobilization.

Performance Evaluations and Recent Developments (2022-2025)

Soludo's governance in has elicited mixed performance evaluations, with notable achievements in fiscal management and contrasted by declines in certain state indices and persistent security challenges. In the BudgIT State of States 2024 Report, Anambra ranked fourth overall, reflecting strengths in fiscal sustainability and economic metrics under Soludo's administration. However, the 2025 PCL State Performance Index saw Anambra plummet from 8th to 34th out of 36 states, prompting criticisms from opposition figures who attributed the drop to governance lapses in and other sectors. Soludo's administration has been recognized for efforts, earning the Governor of the Year award in that category from . Security remains a focal point of contention, with opposition leaders claiming insecurity has worsened since Soludo's , turning parts of the state into "ghost towns" amid rising incidents. An gubernatorial aspirant in December 2024 lambasted Soludo for failing to curb escalating threats, including kidnappings and violence. Soludo has countered that insecurity is not as severe as portrayed by political rivals, emphasizing ongoing efforts like community vigilance and advocacy, though verifiable reductions in crime rates remain debated without comprehensive independent data. Economically, Soludo's policies have boosted internal revenue generation through automated collection processes, contributing to debt sustainability as outlined in the state's 2023 Debt Management Strategy report. The administration employed 8,115 teachers to bolster , countering claims of sectoral neglect. Infrastructure priorities feature prominently in the proposed N607 billion 2025 budget, allocating resources to roads, economic transformation, and development. Recent developments in 2025 include multiple international awards, such as the Governor of the Year and Public Service Excellence at the Global Power event, alongside recognition for digital procurement excellence. The One Youth, Two Skills Plus initiative underscores efforts. As the November 8, 2025, gubernatorial election approaches, Soludo's re-election bid benefits from fragmented opposition, with analysts noting a no-contest dynamic amid reported high support. Opposition has criticized cash incentive pledges as vote-buying, though Soludo frames his campaign as a "divine project" tied to ongoing transformations.

Political and Economic Views

Ideology and Policy Perspectives

Charles Soludo defines ideology as "a system of ideas, beliefs and ideals which define our about the economic, social and of a ." He advocates for ideologically driven to imbue Nigerian with purpose and ensure policy continuity, criticizing existing parties as opportunistic factions lacking principles, where politicians switch allegiances without ideological constraint. Soludo proposes legislative measures to orchestrate such parties, including uniting centre-left groups like APGA, , and Labour Party into a Progressive People’s Alliance for coordinated national reforms by 2027. Economically, Soludo endorses market-oriented reforms integrated with humanistic priorities, supporting structural adjustments such as those implemented under President to avert fiscal insolvency, as affirmed by institutions like the World Bank and IMF on June 12, 2025. This approach, termed "neoliberal humanism" in analyses of his governance, combines and with equity-focused interventions to maximize social welfare, exemplified by Anambra State's free universal since 2022, which eliminated fees from nursery to senior secondary levels, and the 1 Million Anambra Digital Tribe initiative providing ICT and AI training to over one million residents starting in 2023. He draws from historical progressive models, such as the U.S. , to justify democracy through delivered benefits like security, justice, and economic opportunity. In policy terms, Soludo promotes competitive with 60-65% revenue to states, , autonomy, and sector to enable , , and investments. He emphasizes ethical rebirth to combat and unearned wealth culture, enacting laws like Anambra's provisions criminalizing promises of magical prosperity, while fostering inclusivity through cross-ethnic appointments and youth skills programs under the "One State, One People, One Agenda" framework. Soludo critiques Nigeria's for failing to guarantee liberty and happiness, urging reforms like a unicameral and codes curbing public officer extravagance to align governance with developmental imperatives.

Critiques of Mainstream Economic Narratives

Charles Soludo has critiqued mainstream economic narratives, particularly the neoliberal promoted by the and World Bank, for their failure to account for 's structural realities and historical dependencies. In co-editing Our Continent, Our Future: African Perspectives on Structural Adjustment (1999) with Thandika Mkandawire, Soludo synthesized evidence from commissioned studies showing that SAPs, implemented across from the onward, prioritized short-term macroeconomic stabilization through , , and but neglected long-term productive capacity building. These policies, he argued, exacerbated , with manufacturing's share of GDP in declining from 11% in 1980 to under 9% by the late 1990s, while per capita income growth stagnated at an average of 0.7% annually during the adjustment era, trailing population growth rates of 2.8%. Soludo contended that orthodox economics' emphasis on market fundamentalism ignored causal factors like commodity price volatility, weak institutions, and the absence of infant industry protection, which had enabled East Asian tigers' success but were dismissed in Africa's context as "distortions." He highlighted empirical shortcomings, noting that despite over $500 billion in external aid tied to conditionality between 1980 and 2000, Africa's rose from $60 billion to $300 billion, with little corresponding increase in or exports beyond raw materials. This, Soludo asserted, reflected a flawed causal realism in mainstream models that treated African economies as blank slates amenable to universal recipes, disregarding path dependencies from and neocolonial trade structures. Advocating for heterodox alternatives, Soludo emphasized the role of developmental states in fostering industrialization through targeted interventions, such as selective tariffs and public in , rather than wholesale . In his , the mainstream narrative's aversion to state stemmed from ideological priors over , as SAPs undermined fiscal space for —Africa's gap reaching $93 billion annually by 2000—while promoting import dependence that hollowed out domestic firms. He urged African , critiquing the conditionality-laden lending as a form of external imposition that prioritized creditor interests over local causation, by the continent's persistent 40% rate post-adjustment despite promised trickle-down effects. Soludo's positions draw from data-driven assessments of outcomes, contrasting with mainstream optimism; for instance, while IMF reports claimed stabilization successes, Soludo pointed to disaggregated evidence of rising inequality, with Africa's averaging 0.45 under adjustment versus 0.40 pre-s in many countries. These critiques his broader view that neoclassical paradigms undervalue context-specific empirics, favoring deductive models that fail causal tests in peripheral economies.

Intellectual Output

Key Publications

Soludo's scholarly contributions span macroeconomic policy, , debt management, and , with over 3,000 citations across his works as per metrics. His publications often critique orthodox economic policies from an African perspective, emphasizing endogenous factors in growth and reform sustainability. Key books and papers include:
  • Our Continent, Our Future: African Perspectives on Structural Adjustment (1999, co-edited with Thandika Mkandawire, IDRC/Africa World Press): This volume compiles African critiques of Bretton Woods-inspired structural adjustment programs, arguing they exacerbated poverty and inequality by prioritizing fiscal austerity over growth-oriented strategies; it has garnered 902 citations.
  • The Debt Trap in Nigeria: Towards a Sustainable Debt Strategy (2003, edited with Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and Mansur Muhtar, Africa World Press): Focuses on Nigeria's external debt crisis, proposing strategies for debt relief, fiscal discipline, and domestic resource mobilization to avoid recurrent borrowing cycles; includes analyses of poverty linkages.
  • Consolidating the Nigerian Banking Industry to Meet the Development Challenges of the 21st Century (2004, address to Bankers’ Committee): Outlines the rationale for recapitalization and consolidation of Nigerian banks from 89 to 25 entities, aiming to enhance financial stability and support economic growth; cited 485 times and informed Soludo's Central Bank reforms.
  • The Politics of Trade and Industrial Policy in Africa: Forced Consensus? (2004, contribution to edited volume): Examines how external pressures shaped Africa's trade policies, advocating for regionally tailored industrial strategies over uniform liberalization.
  • African Voices on Structural Adjustment: A Companion to Our Continent, Our Future (2003, co-edited with Thandika Mkandawire, Africa World Press): Provides empirical case studies and policy alternatives to structural adjustment, highlighting implementation failures in countries like Nigeria and Zimbabwe.
Other notable works include "Can Nigeria Be the China of Africa" (2006), a lecture exploring adaptive industrialization models for Nigeria, with 144 citations, and contributions to debt management such as "Sound Practice in Government Debt Management" (2004, co-authored with Graeme Wheeler). These publications underscore Soludo's emphasis on pragmatic, context-specific reforms over ideological prescriptions.

Notable Articles and Public Interventions

Soludo has frequently contributed opinion pieces and delivered public speeches addressing Nigeria's economic policies, institutional reforms, and , often advocating for structural changes based on empirical data and historical analysis. In a March 12, 2017, article titled "The Hard Facts to Rescue the Nigerian Economy," he argued for a comprehensive plan to address fiscal deficits, diversification away from oil dependency, and institutional rebuilding, emphasizing that Nigeria's economic woes stemmed from unsustainable debt and weak rather than external shocks alone. Earlier, in January 2015, Soludo published "Beyond Elections: A Critical Analysis of Nigeria's ," which dissected the Jonathan administration's economic record, highlighting failures in , in the oil sector, and missed opportunities for industrialization, while projecting pathways for the incoming Buhari government to achieve growth rates above 7% through fiscal discipline and private sector-led initiatives. This piece drew on , such as Nigeria's 2014 GDP rebasing and persistent budget deficits exceeding 2% of GDP, to critique policy inertia. In October 2019, during an independence lecture at The Platform , Soludo warned of 's lag in the , citing data on low digital penetration (under 50% ) and over-reliance on commodities, urging a shift to knowledge-based economies with investments in and to avoid becoming a "museum of failed states." He reiterated similar themes in a intervention, "History Beckons and I Will Not Be Silent," where he defended truth-telling on governance failures amid political pressures, positioning it as essential for national progress. More recently, Soludo's June 12, 2025, speech at The Platform on "Rebuilding the Nigerian Nation" praised President Tinubu's reforms—such as fuel subsidy removal and naira floatation—as "audacious" measures that averted total economic collapse, supported by evidence of stabilized reserves and reduced fiscal bleeding, though he cautioned on implementation risks like inflation spikes above 30%. In this address, he proposed party system overhauls and federal restructuring to enable competitive federalism, drawing on comparative data from successful emerging markets like Vietnam, which achieved 6-7% annual growth through export-led strategies. These interventions often challenge mainstream narratives on and growth, with Soludo citing sources like National Bureau of Statistics data to argue that official poverty rates (e.g., 40% in 2019) underestimate and informal sector vulnerabilities, advocating evidence-based policies over populist spending. His writings and speeches, disseminated via platforms like Premium Times and Proshare, have influenced policy debates, though critics have accused them of selective data use to favor certain administrations.

Personal Life and Honors

Family and Personal Background

Charles Chukwuma Soludo was born on July 28, 1960, in Isuofia, within Local Government Area of , . He hails from a rural background, having grown up in the village of Isuofia after losing his mother during the at around age eight. Soludo is married to Nonyelum Frances Soludo, and the couple has six children.

Awards, Recognitions, and Legacy Considerations

Soludo has received numerous national and international awards for his contributions to , central banking, and . During his tenure as Governor of the from 2004 to 2009, he was named African Central Bank Governor of the Year in 2005, 2006, and 2007 by The African Banker , as well as Global Central Bank Governor of the Year for the same period by The ' Banker . In September 2025, while serving as Governor of , Soludo was awarded the African Public Service Excellence Award, the African Governor of the Year Award, and a Special Recognition Commendation at the Global Power Forum in New York, recognizing his leadership in and economic reforms. He holds the national honor of Commander of the (CFR), conferred by the Nigerian government for distinguished service in public administration. Soludo's legacy is primarily anchored in his transformative role at the , where he spearheaded banking sector consolidation that reduced the number of commercial banks from 89 to 25 by 2005, enhancing , curbing , and fostering a more robust regulatory framework that supported during a period of vulnerability to global financial shocks. These reforms are credited with modernizing Nigeria's , though they faced initial resistance from affected institutions and debates over short-term disruptions to smaller banks. As Governor since March 2022, his legacy considerations include implementation of a 50-year emphasizing infrastructure revival, in cities like and , and fiscal prudence, such as avoiding excessive debt accumulation. However, Soludo's gubernatorial record has drawn mixed evaluations, with critics highlighting persistent insecurity, including kidnappings and violence attributed to inadequate security funding despite a N2 billion annual security vote, leading to perceptions of a "legacy of bloodshed" in parts of Anambra by early 2025. Proponents counter that his administration has achieved measurable progress in road infrastructure, market modernizations, and economic diversification, positioning Anambra for long-term sustainability amid Nigeria's broader challenges like fiscal constraints and regional instability. Overall, Soludo's enduring impact lies in his advocacy for evidence-based economic policies and institutional reforms, influencing Nigerian discourse on monetary independence and state-level development, though full assessment of his Anambra tenure awaits completion of his term in 2026.

References

  1. https://www.mol.anambrastate.gov.ng/professor-charles-chukwuma-soludo/
  2. https://www.theahiaraproject.org/how-charles-soludo-transformed-nigeria-banking-indsutry-against-all-odds/
  3. https://media.premiumtimesng.com/wp-content/files/2019/09/a-Summary-CV-Soludo-AB.pdf
  4. https://championnews.com.ng/2025/03/02/soludos-game-changing-achievements-in-anambra/
  5. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/04/soludos-track-record-of-performance-character-and-probity/
  6. https://x.com/CCSoludo
  7. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/01/efcc-grills-soludo-ex-cbn-gov-others/
  8. https://punchng.com/ipob-faults-soludo-for-linking-igbo-youths-to-kidnapping/
  9. https://www.channelstv.com/2021/11/10/charles-soludo-9-key-things-to-know-about-anambras-governor-elect/
  10. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/11/charles-soludo-from-village-boy-to-anambra-governor-elect/
  11. https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/charles-chukwuma-soludo/
  12. https://www.thecable.ng/profile-soludo-the-poor-village-boy-whom-god-lifted-to-head-cbn-and-will-now-govern-anambra/
  13. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/494482-analysis-from-academia-and-central-banking-to-governor-chukwuma-soludos-story-in-resilience.html
  14. https://books.google.com/books/about/Macroeconomic_Adjustment_Trade_and_Growt.html?id=EAO3AAAAIAAJ
  15. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=N0OAYM4AAAAJ&hl=en
  16. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Macroeconomic-adjustment%252C-trade-and-growth%253A-policy-Soludo/a277e06674b4fdc4b1384d92cfa1f4b3848faa0d
  17. https://idrc-crdi.ca/en/books/our-continent-our-future-african-perspectives-structural-adjustment
  18. https://books.google.com/books/about/Our_Continent_Our_Future.html?id=xRaiPlp28hUC
  19. https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstreams/a61212cf-edc1-4066-8967-1f50e04b29a5/download
  20. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Politics_of_Trade_and_Industrial_Pol.html?id=hoI_kYUnK2MC
  21. https://idrc-crdi.ca/en/books/politics-trade-and-industrial-policy-africa-forced-consensus
  22. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/obasanjo-nigeria-and-the-world/economic-reform/C8D57CCF411A408CD8815927EBA3C012
  23. https://nairaproject.com/projects/3306.html
  24. https://guardian.ng/arts-2/the-strength-of-character-in-corporate-governance/
  25. https://www.thisdaylive.com/2021/11/08/charles-soludo-the-man-on-a-mission/
  26. https://www.proshare.co/articles/beyond-belief-soludos-self-serving-article-on-economic-management?menu=Economy&classification=Read&category=Politics
  27. https://www.cbn.gov.ng/AboutCBN/AllGovernors.html
  28. https://www.bis.org/review/r040727g.pdf
  29. https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10546&context=ypfs-documents
  30. https://www.bis.org/review/r070820a.pdf
  31. https://www.publicfinancefocus.org/news/2012/11/charles-soludo-nigeria%25E2%2580%2599s-banking-revolution
  32. https://dailytrust.com/i-fought-dangerous-war-spearheading-banking-sector-consolidation-soludo/
  33. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/175796-okonjo-iweala-attacks-soludo-says-hes-nigerias-worst-cbn-governor-ever.html
  34. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/211162-soludo-hits-back-says-falanas-allegation-diverted-7-billion-blatant-lies.html
  35. https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/320/uncertainty-trails-soludos-successor.html
  36. https://www.thisdaylive.com/2024/07/07/soludo-2005-banking-sector-consolidation-was-a-war/
  37. https://www.euromoney.com/article/27bjsstsqxhkmh1h5lzmo/nigeria-benefits-from-banking-mergers-and-recapitalizations/
  38. https://dailytrust.com/recapitalization-policy-saved-nigerian-banks-from-extinction-cbn-gov/
  39. https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2016/CCD/BULLION%2520Vol%252034%2520No%25203%2520pdf.pdf
  40. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/BANKS-THAT-MET-THE-N25-BILLION-MINIMUM-CAPITAL-REQUIREMENT_tbl2_380435693
  41. https://www.icommercecentral.com/open-access/impact-of-banking-consolidation-on-the-performance-of-the-banking-sector-in-nigeria.php?aid=85640
  42. https://proshare.co/articles/stakeholders-celebrate-soludo-era-banking-recapitalisation-call-for-political-will-to-grow-economy?menu=Business&classification=Read&category=People
  43. https://techfinancemarkets.com/2024/07/10/soludo-2004-banking-consolidation-laid-foundation-for-mega-banks/
  44. https://nairametrics.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Soludo-Maiden-Address.pdf
  45. https://www.centralbanking.com/people/charles-soludo
  46. https://financeinafrica.com/guide/nigeria-reserve-requirement-ratio/
  47. https://twitter.com/StatiSense/status/1690645842472914944
  48. https://monierate.com/blog/the-uprising-of-past-cbn-governor-charles-soludo
  49. https://businessday.ng/life/article/title-the-power-of-one-man-how-the-soludo-engineered-consolidation-transformed-nigerian-banks-to-global-players/
  50. https://thesun.ng/soludos-2005-reforms-paved-way-for-banking-consolidation-cardoso/
  51. https://allafrica.com/stories/200511020735.html
  52. https://www.chukwumasoludo.com/
  53. https://www.centralbanking.com/central-banking/news/1420998/nigeria-soludo-central-banker
  54. https://allafrica.com/stories/201501291289.html
  55. https://groups.google.com/g/usaafricadialogue/c/xrunxWX0g3A
  56. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/494431-anambradecides2021-inec-declares-soludo-winner-of-governorship-election.html
  57. https://www.channelstv.com/2021/11/10/breaking-apgas-soludo-sweeps-to-victory-in-anambra-governorship-election/
  58. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/494588-analysis-anambra-2021-governorship-election-records-historic-low-voter-turnout.html
  59. https://businessday.ng/politics/article/inec-declares-soludo-winner/
  60. https://www.channelstv.com/2022/03/17/soludo-sworn-in-as-anambra-governor-in-low-key-event/
  61. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/517957-for-the-record-charles-soludos-inaugural-address-as-anambra-governor.html
  62. https://invest.anambrastate.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/MR.-GOVERNORS-MANIFESTO.pdf
  63. https://ansippa.com.ng/blog/from-growth-to-development-how-soludo-s-tax-policies-are-cooking-a-new-anambra
  64. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/12/anambras-igr-grows-by-over-100-in-one-year/
  65. https://punchng.com/anambras-monthly-igr-rose-to-n5-2bn-in-2024-soludos-aide/
  66. https://ikengaonline.com/2024/01/30/between-bad-politics-and-measured-performance-soludos-anambra-report-card/
  67. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/755588-soludo-presents-n606-9-billion-2025-budget-to-anambra-assembly.html
  68. https://x.com/CCSoludo/status/1871300199475196235
  69. https://www.facebook.com/groups/www.apgang.org/posts/23982401518064290/
  70. https://independent.ng/anambra-guber-2025-soludo-warns-against-breaking-zoning-peace/
  71. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/10/anambra-showdown-2025-soludos-massive-road-construction-opening-up-communities/
  72. https://guardian.ng/news/gov-soludo-awards-n43-7-billion-contracts-for-various-infrastructure-projects/
  73. https://gazettengr.com/contracts-gov-soludo-to-spend-n43-7-billion-on-infrastructure-projects/
  74. https://von.gov.ng/anambra-governor-commences-key-road-project-in-onitsha/
  75. https://www.facebook.com/soludotv/posts/soludo-begins-construction-of-32-km-nriagbanagbo-roadanambra-state-governor-prof/1325062186262040/
  76. https://x.com/CCSoludo/status/1905014359245594691
  77. https://von.gov.ng/governor-soludo-approves-n10-4bn-for-erosion-control-road-projects/
  78. https://von.gov.ng/governor-soludo-commissions-solution-market-park-in-anambra/
  79. https://von.gov.ng/gov-soludo-unveils-anambra-railway-blueprint-showcases-business-enabling-reforms/
  80. https://innovation.anambrastate.gov.ng/post/soludo-has-commissioned-the-temporary-site-for-the-solution-innovation-district-located-at-de-destination-awka/13
  81. https://radionigeria.gov.ng/2025/05/08/tinubu-inaugurates-projects-in-anambra/
  82. https://www.thisdaylive.com/2024/12/22/anambras-infrastructure-devt-fuels-economic-growth/
  83. https://mbep.anambrastate.gov.ng/post/governor-soludo-budget-speech-at-the-presentation-of-the-draft-anambra-state-budget-proposal-for-2025-to-the-anambra-state-house-of-assembly-awka/3
  84. https://businessday.ng/life/article/soludo-and-security-challenges-in-anambra-state/
  85. https://guardian.ng/opinion/editorial/soludos-special-security-operation-in-anambra-matters-arising/
  86. https://nationalwire.com.ng/strengthening-anambra-security-architecture-governor-soludo-declares-war-against-criminals/
  87. https://www.facebook.com/Anambra1stSon1/posts/governor-soludos-security-strategy-is-delivering-resultsby-confronting-the-truth/804509285296753/
  88. https://globalupfront.com/2025/03/12/anambras-security-experiment-a-model-for-nigeria-or-just-another-policy-gimmick/
  89. https://punchng.com/anambra-soludo-unveils-security-supervisory-committee/
  90. https://thewhistler.ng/anambra-assembly-passes-homeland-security-bill-into-law/
  91. https://www.facebook.com/groups/www.apgang.org/posts/24121321584172282/
  92. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rmpg5llTYJs
  93. https://www.thetorchnewsmedia.com.ng/2025/02/25/soludo-commends-ndi-anambra-for-supporting-new-security-initiatives/
  94. https://punchng.com/inec-chair-hails-soludo-for-improved-security-in-anambra/
  95. https://www.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1037831218360483&id=100064008431918
  96. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/662077-soludo-dissolves-anambra-traditional-rulers-council.html
  97. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/661738-soludo-reinstates-monarch-suspended-for-conferring-chieftaincy-title-on-senator.html
  98. https://punchng.com/soludo-anambra-traditional-rulers-make-up-after-onitsha-kings-scathing-open-letter/
  99. https://thisisradionow.com/gov-soludo-cancels-purported-election-of-oba-traditional-ruler/
  100. https://gazettengr.com/governor-soludo-disgracing-anambra-traditional-rulers-achebe/
  101. https://www.channelstv.com/2022/05/26/insecurity-soludo-imposes-curfew-on-eight-anambra-lgas/
  102. https://www.thecable.ng/anambra-killings-soludo-restricts-okada-tricycle-shuttle-bus-operations-in-8-lgas/
  103. https://gazettengr.com/soludo-asked-to-probe-alleged-extrajudicial-killings-by-anambra-security-outfit/
  104. https://guardian.ng/features/agunechemba-a-terror-for-criminals-or-citizens/
  105. https://www.facebook.com/legitngnews/posts/igboeli-arinze-isnt-holding-back-in-his-latest-critique-of-soludo-he-raised-seri/1085589650454110/
  106. https://newtelegraphng.com/anambra-poll-opposition-parties-react-to-soludos-cash-for-votes-pledge/
  107. https://chronicle.ng/soludo-accused-of-vote-buying-over-n1m-cash-for-votes-pledge/
  108. https://www.facebook.com/groups/www.apgang.org/posts/9415553675175649/
  109. https://tribuneonlineng.com/anambra-2025-soludo-has-no-credible-opposition-in-race-apga/
  110. https://www.thetorchnewsmedia.com.ng/2025/03/03/governor-soludo-emerges-governor-of-the-year/
  111. https://www.facebook.com/groups/682883562575636/posts/1875117773352203/
  112. https://www.scribd.com/document/845134796/GOVERNOR-SOLUDO-BAGS-ANOTHER-AWARD-FOR-EXCELLENT-PERFORMANCE-2
  113. https://tribuneonlineng.com/insecurity-under-soludo-has-turned-anambra-to-a-ghost-town-okonkwo/
  114. https://punchng.com/2025-apc-gov-aspirant-slams-soludo-over-insecurity-in-anambra/
  115. https://theeasternupdates.com/2024/12/31/anambra-insecurity-not-as-bad-as-opposition-claims-soludo/
  116. https://anambrastate.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/ANAMBRA-STATE-2023-DSA-DMS-REPORT.pdf
  117. https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/09/26/soludos-anambra-towers-over-fictional-ratings/
  118. https://nigeria.shafaqna.com/EN/AL/7428213
  119. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/10/again-the-world-stands-still-for-soludo/
  120. https://globalupfront.com/2025/10/22/how-governor-soludo-funds-his-transformational-projects-architect-okey-ezeobi/
  121. https://www.instagram.com/p/DOnOYvUFWBT/
  122. https://www.thisdaylive.com/2025/10/25/anambra-2025-when-the-opposition-throws-in-the-towel/
  123. https://theeagleonline.com.ng/anambra-2025-soludo-speaks-on-re-election-bid-says-its-a-divine-project/
  124. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/800550-rebuilding-the-nigerian-nation-by-chukwuma-charles-soludo.html
  125. https://punchng.com/soludo-seeks-ideologically-driven-political-parties-for-nigerias-rebirth/
  126. https://thesun.ng/soludos-neoliberal-humanism/
  127. https://propoliticsng.com/soludo-s-neoliberal-humanism/
  128. https://www.thecable.ng/dissecting-soludos-solutions-for-democracy-and-economic-recovery/
  129. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/1999-09-01/our-continent-our-future-african-perspectives-structural
  130. https://panafricanreview.com/africas-quest-for-policy-sovereignty/
  131. https://www.elibrary.imf.org/downloadpdf/display/book/9781557757692/ch010.pdf
  132. https://africasacountry.com/2019/05/what-are-the-alternatives-to-neoliberal-trade
  133. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44824224_Our_Continent_Our_Future_African_Perspectives_on_Structural_Adjustment
  134. https://www.amazon.com/Debt-Trap-Nigeria-Sustainable-Strategy/dp/1592210015
  135. https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2261619
  136. https://www.betterworldbooks.com/author/charles-chukwuma-soludo/6750935
  137. https://library.strathmore.edu/Author/Home?author=%2522Soludo%252C%2BCharles%2BChukwuma%2522&basicSearchType=Author&sort=title&view=list
  138. https://opinion.premiumtimesng.com/2017/03/11/the-hard-facts-to-rescue-the-nigerian-economy-by-chukwuma-charles-soludo/
  139. https://www.nairaland.com/2116343/beyond-elections-critical-analysis-nigerias
  140. https://www.nigerianeye.com/2015/01/20-key-points-from-charles-soludos.html
  141. https://www.africahousingnews.com/full-speech-of-prof-charles-soludo-at-the-platform-independence-lecture/
  142. https://amanaonline.com.ng/1297/history-beckons-and-i-will-not-be-silent-part-1-by-chukwuma-charles-soludo-cfr/
  143. https://www.ripplesnigeria.com/soludo-says-tinubus-economic-reforms-averted-nigerias-total-collapse/
  144. https://www.facebook.com/CeeCeeSoludo/posts/rebuilding-our-nation-chukwuma-charles-soludo-cfrgovernor-anambra-state-speech-a/1021420136852656/
  145. https://nairametrics.com/2019/10/02/nigerian-economy-and-its-many-problems-charles-soludo/
  146. https://www.kemifilani.ng/breaking-news/charles-soludos-biography-wife-net-worth-and-everything-to-know-about-the-former-cbn-governor
  147. https://wakaaboutafrica.com/chukwuma-charles-soludo-biography-net-worth-cars-and-house/
  148. https://www.southcentre.int/board-members/chukwuma-charles-soludo/
  149. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/824246-soludo-receives-triple-honours-in-new-york.html
  150. https://guardian.ng/opinion/soludos-track-record-of-performance-character-and-probity/
  151. https://www.nairaland.com/8371988/three-years-soludo-legacy-bloodshed
  152. https://independent.ng/soludos-legacy-of-unparalleled-accomplishments-in-less-than-two-years/
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.