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Cisco Unified Computing System
View on WikipediaCisco Unified Computing System (UCS) is a data center server computer product line composed of server hardware, virtualization support, switching fabric, and management software, introduced in 2009 by Cisco Systems.[1][2] The products are marketed for scalability by integrating many components of a data center that can be managed as a single unit.[3]
Computing
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The UCS product line was announced in March and first installed in September 2009, at the customer premises of Tutor Perini.[2] The first customer purchase of UCS was by Fiserv, a financial services customer in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The entire project was code named "California".[4]
The computing component of the UCS is available in two versions: the B-series (a powered chassis and full and/or half slot blade servers), and the C-series for 19-inch racks (that can be used with fabric interconnects). The computer hardware managed by the UCS Manager software on the fabric Interconnects can be any combination of the two. Both form factors use standard components, including Intel x86-64 processors and DIMM memory. The servers are marketed with converged network adapters and port virtualization.
Around 2010, an extended memory technology expanded the number of memory sockets that can be connected to a single memory channel in some models.[5][6]
A fifth generation was announced in July 2018.
Virtualization
[edit]Cisco UCS supports several hypervisors including VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V and Citrix Systems' Xen server.[7] VMware provides a special version of ESXi.
In 2017 Cisco announced a partnership with Docker to include its enterprise software in UCS products to directly provide operating-system-level virtualization (containerization).[8]
Networking
[edit]The Cisco fabric interconnects (FI) provide network connectivity for the chassis, blade servers and rack servers connected to it through different speeds of Ethernet and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE). The fabric interconnects are derived from the Nexus 5500 and 9300 series switch families and run NX-OS as well as UCS Manager software. FCoE allows connection to storage area network storage, To allow stateless compute in addition to local storage capacity. Cisco has produced the following series for fabric interconnects: 6100 Series (discontinued), 6200 Series (discontinued), 6300 Series, and 6400 Series. The fabric interconnect can further connect to multiple fabric extenders (FEX), into what they call a "unified fabric".[4]
By 2012, analysts noticed that Fibre Channel vendors such as Brocade Communications Systems had already lost market share to Cisco.[9]
Management
[edit]Management of the system devices is handled by the UCS Manager software integrated with fabric interconnects.[10] Virtual machines can be moved from one physical chassis to another, applications may be moved between virtual machines, and management may even be conducted remotely from an iPhone using SiMU - Simple iPhone Management of UCS. In addition to the embedded software, administrators may also manage the system from VMware's vSphere. The Cisco Integrated Management Controller (CIMC) is used to configure and manage C-Series servers not connected to a manager. The CIMC can also be used to manage B-series blades in addition to the UCS Manager application if configured.
In November 2012, Cisco announced UCS Central which extends management across multiple domains of UCS,[11] and then something called UCS Director. A security flaw in UCS Central was disclosed when it was patched in 2016.[12]
Many configuration details are set up on the UCS manager in a service profile and applied to the servers. Cisco offers a UCSM Platform Emulator, where the full logical configuration of a server can be created from the user interface or the API methods, and later applied to the physical hardware.
In 2017, Cisco announced a cloud-hosted management offering for UCS infrastructure called Cisco Intersight. This platform augmented the UCS management platform.
References
[edit]- ^ "Cisco Unleashes the Power of Virtualization with Industry's First Unified Computing System". Press release. March 16, 2009. Archived from the original on March 21, 2009. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ a b "Tutor Perini Deploys Cisco's Unified Computing System for Data Center Consolidation". Press release. September 1, 2009. Archived from the original on September 7, 2009. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ Cisco Product Data Sheet
- ^ a b Timothy Prickett Morgan (June 13, 2011). "Cisco gooses switching, virtual I/O for blades: Servers not yet crossing Sandy Bridge". The Register. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ "Cisco Unified Computing System Extended Memory Technology" (PDF). Cisco Systems. February 24, 2010. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
- ^ Even Solberg (April 27, 2009). "Unified Computing Technical Background" (PDF). Retrieved January 13, 2014.
- ^ Nathan Eddy (October 18, 2012). "Cisco, Citrix Extend Partnership on Networking, Cloud, Mobility". e Week. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ "Cisco and Docker Team to Modernize Cloud and Data Center Application Environments". 2017-03-02. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
- ^ Archie Hendryx Hendryx (March 19, 2012). "Cisco UCS – Undisputed Computing Success". The SANMAN by ZDNet. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ Ranjit Nayak (September 17, 2013). "Cisco UCS Management". Promotional blog. Archived from the original on October 1, 2015. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ Timothy Prickett Morgan (November 1, 2012). "Cisco stretches UCS uber-control-freak across larger clouds: How's 10,000 nodes grab ya?". The Register. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
- ^ Shaun Nichols (April 13, 2016). "How to make Cisco UCS servers roll over and obey: Send a HTTP poke". The Register. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
External links
[edit]Cisco Unified Computing System
View on GrokipediaIntroduction and History
Overview
The Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) is a next-generation data center platform that integrates industry-standard x86-architecture servers—encompassing both blade and rack form factors—with a unified fabric for networking and storage access, alongside centralized management infrastructure to streamline operations.[6] This architecture employs a low-latency, lossless 10 Gigabit Ethernet unified network fabric to connect computing resources, enabling scalable, multi-chassis deployments that abstract hardware dependencies for greater flexibility.[6] By fusing these elements, Cisco UCS provides end-to-end visibility and control, reducing the silos typically found in traditional data center environments.[1] At its core, Cisco UCS operates on principles of stateless computing, where server identity, configuration, and connectivity are abstracted into software rather than tied to physical hardware, allowing for rapid reprovisioning without manual reconfiguration.[6] Central to this is the use of service profiles, which encapsulate policies for resource allocation, enabling policy-based abstraction and consistent deployment across servers.[1] These features, combined with unified management tools like Cisco UCS Manager, deliver comprehensive visibility into the entire infrastructure, from compute to fabric.[6] Introduced in 2009 as Cisco's entry into the server market, UCS was positioned to simplify data center management by consolidating networking and computing, thereby lowering operational complexity and total cost of ownership (TCO) through reduced cabling, power, and administrative overhead.[1] Key benefits include scalability to manage thousands of servers in a single domain, built-in automation for faster provisioning, and robust support for diverse workloads such as virtualization, cloud-native applications, and AI-driven analytics.[1] This approach enhances business agility by enabling intent-based operations that align infrastructure with application needs.[6]Development and Milestones
The Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) originated from internal development under the codename "Project California," announced on March 16, 2009, as a revolutionary data center architecture integrating computing, networking, storage access, and virtualization into a unified platform.[7][8] The initial products, including the UCS 6100 Series Fabric Interconnects and B-Series blade servers, began shipping in July 2009, marking Cisco's entry into the server market with a focus on simplifying infrastructure management.[9] The first generation of UCS (2009–2012) emphasized blade servers like the B200 M1 and C200 M1 models, establishing foundational unified fabric capabilities with 10 Gigabit Ethernet support.[2] In 2012, the second generation introduced enhanced networking with 10/40 Gigabit Ethernet via the UCS 6200 Series Fabric Interconnects and M3 servers, coinciding with milestone achievements such as world-record performances in VMmark 2.1 virtualization benchmarks and TPC-C transaction processing tests.[10][11] Subsequent generations evolved rapidly: the third (2013–2014) with M3/M4 servers and 6300 Series interconnects for broader scalability; the fourth (2014–2016) incorporating Intel Xeon E5-2600 v3 processors; and the fifth generation launched in July 2017, featuring M5 servers optimized for data-intensive workloads with support for up to 100 Gigabit Ethernet.[12] By the sixth generation in the 2020s, UCS incorporated PCIe Gen5 connectivity and AI-specific optimizations in M6 and later models, such as the UCS 6600 Series Fabric Interconnects, enhancing performance for machine learning and hybrid environments.[13][14] Key evolutionary influences included strategic acquisitions that bolstered UCS capabilities. The December 2013 acquisition of Insieme Networks introduced Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI), which integrated seamlessly with UCS Manager to enable policy-based automation and end-to-end visibility across compute and network domains.[15][16] Similarly, the March 2017 acquisition of AppDynamics added advanced application performance analytics, allowing real-time monitoring and optimization of UCS-hosted workloads through extensions that track hardware health and service profiles.[17][18] UCS had achieved widespread adoption, with over 85% of Fortune 500 companies utilizing the platform as of 2019 and more than 50,000 customers worldwide as of 2021 benefiting from its streamlined operations.[2][19][20] A pivotal milestone in 2025 was the September 2 release of UCS Manager 6.0, which introduced support for the UCS 6664 Fabric Interconnects and enhanced hybrid cloud integration for scalable, policy-driven management across on-premises and multi-cloud environments.[21]Architecture and Components
Unified Fabric
The Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) Unified Fabric serves as the foundational networking layer that converges local area network (LAN), storage area network (SAN), and management traffic into a single, high-performance Ethernet-based infrastructure. This design eliminates the need for multiple discrete networks by leveraging a unified set of protocols and hardware, enabling efficient data center operations. At the core of this fabric are the Fabric Interconnects (FIs), which function as top-of-rack switches providing connectivity at speeds of 10, 25, 40, and 100 Gigabit Ethernet (GbE), supporting low-latency, line-rate performance for diverse workloads.[22] The pin architecture of the Unified Fabric ensures deterministic traffic paths through a dual redundant FI setup, where two FIs operate in an active-active configuration to provide northbound connectivity to upstream networks. This redundancy facilitates automated failover and high availability, with each FI connecting directly to the parent domain's access-layer switches via unified ports that support both Ethernet and Fibre Channel protocols. By integrating connectivity and management at the FI level, the architecture eliminates the requirement for traditional top-of-rack or chassis switches within the UCS domain, reducing latency by a single network hop and simplifying cabling and management overhead.[1] To achieve a lossless Ethernet environment, the Unified Fabric incorporates Data Center Bridging (DCB) enhancements, including IEEE 802.1Qbb Priority Flow Control (PFC) and IEEE 802.3x PAUSE mechanisms, which prevent packet loss during congestion for both LAN and storage traffic. Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) is natively supported, allowing SAN traffic to traverse the same Ethernet infrastructure without dedicated Fibre Channel switches, thereby consolidating I/O resources and lowering operational costs.[1][22] Scalability is a key attribute of the Unified Fabric, enabling support for up to 160 servers per domain through the integration of fabric extenders (FEX) and I/O modules (IOM), such as the Cisco UCS 6300 series FEX. These components extend the fabric's reach to blade and rack servers without introducing additional management complexity, delivering high aggregate bandwidth per chassis while maintaining the unified control plane. Larger scales beyond a single domain are achievable with Cisco Intersight.[1]Computing Resources
The Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) employs a stateless computing model, where servers function as undifferentiated pools of central processing units (CPUs), memory, and input/output (I/O) resources that are abstracted and managed through service profiles.[1] This approach decouples the server's physical hardware from its logical configuration, enabling rapid provisioning and reprovisioning of resources without manual reconfiguration or stateful dependencies on individual hardware components.[23] Service profiles encapsulate the server's identity, firmware, BIOS settings, and connectivity policies, allowing identical configurations to be applied dynamically to any compatible server in the pool, which enhances scalability and reduces operational overhead in data center environments.[24] UCS computing resources support a range of high-performance processors, including up to two 6th-generation Intel Xeon Scalable processors or 5th-generation AMD EPYC processors per server as of 2025, providing robust compute capabilities for demanding workloads.[25][26][27] Memory configurations scale up to 8 TB of DDR5 per server across 32 DIMM slots, utilizing registered DIMMs (RDIMMs) or load-reduced DIMMs (LRDIMMs) at speeds up to 6400 MT/s, optimized for memory-intensive applications.[28] Additionally, UCS integrates GPU and accelerator support, such as NVIDIA RTX Pro 6000 Blackwell GPUs and Intel Flex Data Center GPUs, enabling accelerated processing for artificial intelligence and machine learning tasks within the unified infrastructure.[29][30] Resource pooling in UCS allows servers to be organized into logical pools based on attributes like capacity and performance, facilitating automated allocation without physical intervention.[31] Upon insertion into a chassis or connection to the fabric interconnect, servers are automatically discovered and inventoried by UCS Manager, which applies predefined policies from service profile templates to instantiate the server with the appropriate configuration.[32] This auto-discovery process ensures seamless integration into the resource pool, supporting dynamic workload placement and maintaining high availability through policy-driven association.[33] To optimize energy efficiency, UCS incorporates power capping features that limit maximum power consumption per server or across the domain, preventing overloads while dynamically adjusting based on workload demands.[34] Thermal management capabilities include adjustable processor thermal design power (TDP) values and thermal failure power capping, which enforces power limits when inlet temperatures exceed specified thresholds, thereby reducing cooling requirements and overall energy use.[35] These mechanisms integrate with the unified fabric for holistic power budgeting, contributing to lower operational costs in large-scale deployments.[36]Management Infrastructure
The management infrastructure of the Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) employs a hierarchical model based on organizations, enabling centralized control over the UCS domain. This structure starts with a root organization and allows the creation of sub-organizations to logically partition resources, policies, and access in multi-tenant environments. Domain-level policies defined at higher organizational levels propagate downward to chassis and individual servers, ensuring consistent configuration and resource allocation across the infrastructure. For instance, when resolving policy names or resource pools, UCS Manager searches hierarchically from the target organization's level upward until a match is found.[37] Central to this infrastructure are service profiles, which serve as XML-based templates that encapsulate a server's complete identity and configuration. Each service profile defines key attributes such as the server's UUID, MAC addresses for virtual network interface cards (vNICs), World Wide Names (WWNs) for host bus adapters (HBAs), firmware versions, BIOS settings, and network connectivity policies. These profiles abstract hardware details, allowing stateless computing where servers can be rapidly provisioned, updated, or migrated by associating or disassociating the profile without manual reconfiguration. Service profiles support two types: those that override inherited hardware identity for flexibility and those that inherit directly from hardware for fixed assignments.[38] Monitoring within the UCS management infrastructure relies on embedded analytics provided by the Data Management Engine (DME), which tracks the health, faults, and performance of physical and logical components in real time. The DME maintains an XML database of system state, generating faults for critical issues (e.g., hardware failures) and collecting performance metrics such as CPU utilization, memory usage, and I/O throughput for servers, chassis, and interconnects. Faults are categorized by severity—critical, major, minor, or warning—and can be viewed through integrated logs, including system event logs (SEL) for hardware events and audit logs for configuration changes. Threshold policies enable proactive alerts, while tools like SNMP and statistics collection support detailed diagnostics without external dependencies.[39] The API ecosystem facilitates automation and third-party integration through the UCS Manager XML API, a programmatic interface that uses HTTP/HTTPS to interact with the system's Management Information Tree (MIT). This API supports operations like authentication, querying managed objects, and configuring modifications via methods such as configConfMo for individual objects or configConfMos for bulk changes. It also includes RESTful capabilities through the UCS Python SDK, enabling scripted workflows for provisioning and monitoring. For example, the API integrates with orchestration tools like Ansible, allowing automated deployment of service profiles and policy enforcement across UCS domains.[40]Hardware Elements
Blade Servers
The Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) B-Series blade servers serve as dense, shared-infrastructure compute nodes designed for high-performance data center environments. These servers integrate seamlessly into UCS chassis, enabling efficient resource utilization through stateless computing and unified management. Blade servers in the UCS B-Series adopt half-width or full-width form factors, accommodating up to eight half-width blades or four full-width blades per chassis in models such as the UCS 5108 Blade Server Chassis, which occupies 6 rack units (RU).[41] The UCS 5108 chassis supports flexible partitioning with removable dividers to mix half- and full-width configurations, providing up to 80 Gbps I/O bandwidth per half-width blade and 160 Gbps per full-width blade.[41] Across a UCS domain managed by UCS Manager, this scalability allows for up to 160 blade servers, typically achieved with 20 chassis.[42] Representative models from the 2020s include the UCS B200 M6, a half-width blade server equipped with up to two 3rd-generation Intel Xeon Scalable processors offering as many as 40 cores per socket.[43] It supports up to 32 DDR4 DIMM slots for a maximum of 16 TB of memory at 3200 MHz, along with optional Intel Optane persistent memory for up to 12 TB.[43] Storage options feature up to two small form factor (SFF) NVMe or SSD drives (up to 7.7 TB each) or four M.2 SATA drives (up to 960 GB each), with RAID controllers for redundancy.[43] Shared resources in the chassis include I/O Modules (IOMs), such as the UCS 2408 or 2304 series, which extend the unified fabric to blades without onboard switches, delivering up to 80 Gbps aggregate I/O via Virtual Interface Cards (VICs).[41] Power and cooling are redundantly provisioned through up to four hot-swappable 2500W power supplies and eight fan modules per chassis, ensuring N+1 or N+N failover for reliability in dense deployments.[41] These blade servers excel in high-density environments, optimizing space and power for virtualization platforms like VMware vSphere and high-performance computing (HPC) applications, where their shared infrastructure reduces cabling and operational overhead compared to standalone rack servers.Rack Servers
The Cisco UCS C-Series rack servers provide flexible, standalone computing options within the Unified Computing System, designed for deployments requiring independent scalability and customization outside of blade chassis environments. These servers support a range of form factors to accommodate diverse workloads, from high-density general-purpose computing to storage-intensive or GPU-accelerated applications. Typical configurations include 1U models such as the UCS C220 M8 and C225 M8, which deliver compact performance for edge or virtualization tasks with up to two Intel Xeon 6 or AMD EPYC processors, respectively.[44][45][46] Larger 2U form factors, exemplified by the UCS C240 M8 (Intel-based) and C245 M8 (AMD-based), offer enhanced storage and expansion capabilities, supporting up to 28 small form-factor drives and configurations optimized for databases or analytics. For GPU-heavy workloads, the C-Series extends to 4U models like the UCS C845A M8 and 8U models such as the UCS C885A M8, which integrate up to eight NVIDIA H100/H200 or AMD MI300X GPUs alongside dual AMD EPYC processors, enabling accelerated AI training and inference. These form factors prioritize modularity, with options for up to eight PCIe Gen5 slots in select models to accommodate additional network adapters, storage controllers, or accelerators.[44][47][48][49] Connectivity in C-Series servers emphasizes unified I/O through direct attachment to UCS Fabric Interconnects via Cisco Virtual Interface Cards (VICs), which consolidate Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and FCoE traffic over a single adapter. The Modular LAN on Motherboard (mLOM)/OCP 3.0 slot enables installation of VIC 15000 Series adapters—such as the quad-port 100 Gbps VIC 15427—without consuming a PCIe slot, preserving expansion flexibility for other components. This design supports dynamic virtual interfaces, allowing up to 256 PCIe-compliant endpoints per server for software-defined networking. PCIe expansion further enhances modularity, with slots compatible for third-party GPUs, NICs, or HBAs to tailor I/O to specific needs.[4][50][45][48] As of 2025, C-Series updates focus on AI readiness, integrating 4th and 5th Gen AMD EPYC processors—offering up to 192 cores per socket in models like the C245 M8 and C885A M8—for superior parallel processing in machine learning tasks. These enhancements deliver up to 20% better performance in SPEC benchmarks compared to prior generations, emphasizing energy efficiency with advanced chiplet architectures. Liquid cooling options have also emerged for high-density AI configurations, through partnerships enabling direct-to-chip solutions in GPU servers to manage thermal loads exceeding 1 kW per component, reducing data center power consumption by up to 40% in dense racks.[51][48][49][52][53]Fabric Interconnects
The Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) Fabric Interconnects serve as the foundational switching infrastructure, providing unified connectivity for computing, networking, and storage resources within the UCS domain. These top-of-rack switches integrate Ethernet, Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), and Fibre Channel capabilities, enabling a lossless, low-latency fabric that supports server attachments via direct cabling or through fabric extenders. The Fabric Interconnects have evolved across multiple generations, starting with the 6200 Series introduced in 2010, which offered 10 Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) support with up to 1.92 terabits per second (Tbps) throughput in the UCS 6296UP model featuring 96 ports. The 6300 Series, launched in 2015, advanced to 40 GbE with models like the UCS 6332 providing 32 fixed QSFP+ ports and up to 2.56 Tbps throughput, while also supporting 16-Gbps Fibre Channel. Subsequent generations include the 6400 Series from 2019, with the UCS 64108 delivering up to 7.42 Tbps throughput across 108 ports (96x 10/25 GbE SFP28 and 12x 40/100 GbE QSFP28), and the 6500 Series from 2021, exemplified by the UCS 6536 with 36x 100 GbE QSFP28 ports also achieving 7.42 Tbps per unit. The 6600 Series, released in 2025, further advances with the UCS 6664 offering up to 11.65 Tbps throughput across 64 ports (16 unified ports supporting 10/25/50 Gbps Ethernet or 16/32/64 Gbps Fibre Channel, and 48 QSFP ports for 40/100 Gbps Ethernet). In clustered configurations, these interconnects scale to aggregate throughputs exceeding 14 Tbps per domain, with port speeds reaching 100 GbE across recent models.[54][55][56][22][3]| Generation | Key Models | Max Ports | Max Throughput per Unit | Port Speeds |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6200 Series | UCS 6248UP, UCS 6296UP | 96 | 1.92 Tbps | 10 GbE, FCoE, 8-Gbps FC |
| 6300 Series | UCS 6324, UCS 6332 | 32 | 2.56 Tbps | 40 GbE, FCoE, 16-Gbps FC |
| 6400 Series | UCS 6454, UCS 64108 | 108 | 7.42 Tbps | 10/25/40/100 GbE, FCoE, 32-Gbps FC |
| 6500 Series | UCS 6536 | 36 | 7.42 Tbps | 10/25/40/100 GbE, FCoE, 32-Gbps FC |
| 6600 Series | UCS 6664 | 64 | 11.65 Tbps | 10/25/40/50/100 GbE, FCoE, 16/32/64-Gbps FC |
