The culture of Texas has been influenced by migration from the American North and West, differing from that of its eastern neighbors in the Deep South. It encompasses many different subcultures as well as regional and cultural influences from the German Texans, Tejanos, Cajuns, Irish, African American, Indigenous and White Anglo-Southern communities established before the republic era and statehood.

Texas is divided into five major regions: East Texas, Central Texas, North Texas, South Texas, and West Texas. These regions are defined by urban centers and varying cultural characteristics. The Texas Triangle, formed by Houston, Dallas-Fort Worth, and San Antonio, is an interstate corridor between the three major Texan cities closest to the geographic center.

Texas' location between the western prairies, the Deep South, and Mexico has contributed to the blend of Hispanic, African, and Anglo traditions. Texas also includes communities with origins in Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Mexico, Southern Africa, White Southern, and Native American populations. The United States Census Bureau places Texas in the Southern United States.

Texas has the most farms and farm acreage in the United States. The state is ranked first in revenue generated from total livestock and livestock products. It is ranked second in total agricultural revenue, behind California. At $7.4 billion, or 56.7 percent of Texas's annual agricultural cash receipts, beef cattle production represents the largest single segment of Texan agriculture. This is followed by cotton at $1.9 billion (14.6 percent), greenhouse/nursery at $1.5 billion (11.4 percent), broiler chickens at $1.3 billion (10 percent), and dairy products at $947 million (7.3 percent).

Texas produces the most cattle, horses, sheep, goats, wool, mohair, and hay in the United States. The state also grows significant amounts of cereal crops and produce.

Texas's ranching tradition has significantly shaped American cowboy culture, especially in rodeo. The state is often associated with an image of a cowboy, shown in westerns, and connected to country music, for which Texas is known nationally and internationally. The state's natural resource production and numerous oil tycoons are a popular topic in pop culture, and appear in media such as the TV series Dallas.

The Texas Legislature declared rodeo the official state sport in 1997. The annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo is the world's largest known rodeo by attendance, drawing over 2.7 million visitors over roughly 20 days from late February through early March. The event begins with trail rides that originate from several points throughout the state, all of which convene at NRG Park for a barbecue cook-off. The rodeo includes typical rodeo events as well as concert performances from major artists and carnival rides. The Fort Worth Livestock Show and Rodeo lasts three weeks in late January and early February. It has many traditional rodeos as well as a cowboy rodeo and a Mexican rodeo that both have large fan bases.

The State Fair of Texas is one of the largest state fairs in the United States by attendance. It is held in Dallas each year between late September and mid-to late October at Fair Park. Two major college football games, the Red River Rivalry between the University of Oklahoma Sooners and the University of Texas Longhorns, and the State Fair Classic between the Grambling State University Tigers and the Prairie View A&M University Panthers, are played at the Cotton Bowl in Fair Park during the fair. In 2025, the State Fair hosted the inaugural ‘State Fair Clásico’, a women’s soccer match between Dallas Trinity FC and Club América Femenil. The friendly attracted 22,938 spectators on October 18, 2025, setting a record for attendance at a Dallas Trinity FC home match. The event is known for its fried food, especially corn dogs. The State Fair is also home to the Texas Star, the tallest Ferris wheel in the Western Hemisphere, and Big Tex, a 55-foot-tall (17 m) cowboy statue.