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Dutee Chand
Dutee Chand
Dutee Chand
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Dutee Chand (born 3 February 1996) is an Indian former sprinter who specialized in the women's 100 m and 200 m events.[4][5][6][7] She is the third Indian woman ever to qualify for the women's 100 m event at the Olympics, and has represented India at the 2016 and 2020 Olympic Games.[8][9][10]

Key Information

Early life

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The third of seven children, Chand was born on February 3, 1996 into a below-poverty-line weaver's family in Chaka Gopalpur, a small village in Jajpur district in the state of Odisha, one of the poorest areas in India.[6][11][12][13] Her older sister Saraswati, a state-level runner, was her source of inspiration.[13] At the age of four, Chand began engaging in workouts along with Saraswati on their village's local track. In 2006, when Chand was 10 year old, they were enrolled in a government sports hostel.[14] Chand was no longer living at home and was training in a national program three hours away where she practiced track. This national program enabled her to send financial support to her family, allowing them to move from their two-room, bathroomless house.[15] In 2013, she enrolled in the KIIT University to study law.[16]

Career

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2012–2013

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In 2012, Chand became a national champion in the under-18 category, when she clocked 11.85 seconds in the national youth junior athletic championships.[17] In fact, following the rule by the International Association of Athletics Federations states that Chand could only be allowed to compete again if she lowers her testosterone levels that falls under beneath the male range. Chand states that "I feel that its wrong to have to change your body for sport participation" then she follows it with "I'm not changing for anyone."[18]

In 2013, she enrolled in the KIIT University to study law.[19] As of 2016, she is employed as an executive officer in the state PSU The Odisha Mining Corporation Ltd.[20] Clocking 23.811 seconds, Chand won the bronze in the Women's 200 metres event at the 2013 Asian Athletics Championships at Pune. The year also saw her become the first Indian to reach the final of a global athletics 100 metres final, when she reached the final in the 2013 World Youth Championships.[5] In the same year, she became the national champion in 100 metres and 200 metres when she won the events clocking 11.73 s in the final in 100 metres and a career-best 23.73 s in 200 metres at the National Senior Athletics Championships at Ranchi.

2014-2015 hyperandrogenism controversy

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In June 2014, Chand won two gold medals at Asian Junior Athletics Championships in 200 metres and 4 × 400 m relays. In the 200m event she improved her previous timing to 23.74 seconds and hoping to qualify for the Commonwealth Games but Chand was dropped from the 2014 Commonwealth Games contingent at the last minute after the Athletic Federation of India declared her ineligible to compete as a female athlete due to hyperandrogenism.[21][22] Following the Commonwealth Games she was also excluded from the Indian contingent for the 2014 Asian Games. There was no suggestion that Chand was involved in cheating or doping, and the decision was widely criticized by intersex advocates.[23][24]

Chand appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). The Canadian law firm Davies, Ward, Philips & Vineberg, LLP represented her on a pro bono basis. The IAAF policy on hyperandrogenism, or high natural levels of testosterone in women, was suspended following the case of Dutee Chand v. Athletics Federation of India (AFI) & The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), in the Court of Arbitration for Sport, decided in July 2015.[25] The ruling found that there was a lack of evidence provided that testosterone increased female athletic performance and notified the IAAF that it had two years to provide the evidence.[26][27][28] This ruling effectively lifted Chand's suspension, clearing her to compete again.[29]

The process of determining Chand's eligibility to compete with women caused her significant suffering, including invasive medical examinations and humiliating public scrutiny.[30] [neutrality is disputed] Santhi Soundarajan, an Indian middle-distance runner, extended her support to Chand, saying that Chand should not be "victimized". She said that steps should be taken to ensure Chand's return to the track.[31] Commenting in 2018 on the case of the intersex runner Caster Semenya, Chand expressed her pain and struggle of four years, when she was controversially not allowed to compete in any international events due to hyperandrogenism. "These four years have been extremely tough for me. The negativity, fear of my career ending prematurely, insensitive comments about my body, I have faced them all. I am extremely relieved that I can run fearlessly again, knowing that now my battle exists only on the track and not off it."[32]

2016

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Following the hyperandrogenism rule change, Chand resumed competing and participated in 60 metres at the 2016 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships, where she set the Indian national record of 7.28 seconds in the qualification round and went on to win the bronze medal in the final with a time of 7.37 seconds.

Chand clocked 11.33 seconds in women's 100m dash to win the gold and erase Rachita Mistry's 16-year-old earlier national record of 11.38 s in the 2016 Federation Cup National Athletics Championships in New Delhi. However, she missed the Rio Olympics qualification norm of 11.32 s by one-hundredth of a second.[4][33] On 25 June 2016, Chand broke the same national record twice in one day after clocking 11.24 at the XXVI International Meeting G Kosanov Memorial at Almaty, Kazakhstan, thereby qualifying for the Olympic Games. "I am really happy at the moment, it has been a tough year for me and I am so happy that my coach... and my hard work has paid off. I would like to thank all the people in India who were praying for me to qualify. Your wishes have paid off."[34]

Chand in action at relay event on track in 2017.

At Rio 2016 Olympics, she became the third Indian woman to participate in the Women's 100 metres, though she did not move beyond the heats, where she clocked 11.69 seconds.

Since Rio, Chand has been training at Hyderabad with young athletes, most notable among them Indian Badminton Star P. V. Sindhu.

In 2016, Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik appointed Chand as assistant manager of Odisha Mining Corporation, explaining that the government's decision to directly employ athletes was to reward their achievements and provide them with financial stability.[35]

2017−2019

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Chand (left) with the Indian 4 × 100 m team at the 2017 Asian Championships

In 2017, at the Asian Athletics Championships she clinched two bronze medals, one in the Women's 100 metres, another in the Women's 4 × 100 m relay with Srabani Nanda, Merlin K Joseph, and Himashree Roy at Bhubaneswar.[36] At the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta, Chand in the Women's 100 metres finals, won the silver medal, her first Asian games medal, clocking 11.32 seconds on 26 August.[37] Again on 29 August, she bagged her second silver at the Asian games in the Women's 200 metres final.[38] Her silver in 100 m, was India's silver medal in this category after 32 years since P.T.Usha won in 1986 and Chand's first medal in the Asian games as she was banned in 2014 and her 200 m silver is after 16 years for India since Saraswati Saha's gold in 2002 at Busan.[39]

As she won these two medals after a long court battle, she expressed her concern about her future saying, "My legal team helped me to come back. But nobody could guarantee what will happen in the future." Citing Caster Semenya's ongoing fight, she said, "Caster Semenya is still fighting. There is always fear but you need to overcome it."[40][30][41]

At the 2019 Summer Universiade in Napoli, Chand won gold in the 100m race, becoming the first Indian woman sprinter to win gold at the Universiade. She finished the sprint in 11.32 seconds.[8][9][42] She was also the flag-bearer during the opening ceremony of the event.[43]

In August 2019, prominent sportswear brand Puma signed Chand for two years to endorse their products.[44]

2021–2024

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In 2021 Chandra competed at the delayed Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games in the Women's 100m and 200m events, having qualified due to her world rankings as she did not meet the events' entry requirements (minimum times). In the initial heats she posted times of 11.54 and 23.85 seconds, respectively, well outside of the range required to progress to the semi-final rounds.[45]

She was one of the athletes whose cases were profiled in Phyllis Ellis's 2022 documentary film Category: Woman.[46]

On 18 January 2023 it was announced that Chand had tested positive for three different prohibited substances.[47]

In 2024 Chand announced her decision to retire from sport after the 2024 Paris Olympics. She explained: "I'm growing old, I'm not as fast as I used to be".[7]

International competitions

[edit]
Chand (right) on podium after winning bronze at the 2017 Asian Championships.
Representing  India
Year Competition Venue Position Event Notes
Outdoor competition
2013 World Youth Championships in Athletics Donetsk, Ukraine 6th 100 m 11.71 sec
Asian Athletics Championships Pune, India 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 200 m 23.811 sec
2014 Asian Junior Athletics Championships Taipei, Taiwan 1st place, gold medalist(s) 200 m 23.74 sec
1st place, gold medalist(s) 4 × 400 m relay 3.40.53 min
2016 XXVI G Kosanov Memorial Almaty, Kazakhstan NR 100 m 11.24 sec[34]
Rio Olympics(Heat 5) Jakarta, Indonesia H5–7th 100 m 11.69 sec
2017 Asian Athletics Championships Bhubaneswar, India 3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 100 m 11.52 sec
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 4 × 100 m relay 44.57 sec
World Championships in Athletics (Heat) London, UK H5–5th 100 m 12.07 sec
2018 Asian Games Jakarta, Indonesia 2nd place, silver medalist(s) 100 m 11.32 s
SF1–1st PB 200 m 23.00 s
2nd place, silver medalist(s) 23.20 s
2019 Asian Athletics Championships Doha, Qatar H4−1st NR 100 m 11.28 sec
SF NR 11.26 sec
FL−5th 11.44 sec
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 200 m 23.24 sec
XXX Summer Universiade Naples, Italy 1st place, gold medalist(s) 100 m 11.32 sec
Indoor Competition
2016 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships Doha, Qatar H−1st NR 60 m 7.28 s
3rd place, bronze medalist(s) 7.37 s
IAAF World Indoor Championships Portland, US H5–5th 60 m 7.30 s
SF3–8th 7.62 s

Legend

  • H − Heats/qualification rounds
  • SF − Semi-finals
  • FL − Finals
  • NR − National record
  • PB − Personal best

Awards and honours

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Personal life

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In 2019, Chand became India's first athlete to openly come out as a member of the LGBTQ+ community, as she publicly revealed that she was in a same-sex relationship.[49][50][51][52][53][54] Chand stated that the 2018 Indian Supreme Court decision to decriminalize gay sex empowered her to speak openly about her sexuality. Chand's announcement was met with mixed reactions. While she received widespread support on social media and from the LGBTQ+ community, she also faced severe backlash from her home village, where residents disavowed her remarks and called them "humiliating".[55] Her eldest sister threatened to expel her from the family.[51]

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dutee Chand.

References

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[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Dutee Chand

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia

Dutee Chand (born 3 February 1996) is an Indian sprinter specializing in the and . She has secured silver medals in both events at the in , including India's first such medal in the women's 100 m since 1998. Chand also claimed gold in the 100 m at the , becoming the first Indian woman to do so. Her career highlights include participation in the 2016 and , as well as multiple bronze medals at Asian Championships. In 2014, Chand was barred from women's competition by the due to resulting in naturally high testosterone levels exceeding regulatory thresholds. She challenged the International Association of Athletics Federations' (IAAF) Regulations at the , which in 2015 issued an interim award suspending the rules pending proof of a performance advantage from elevated testosterone in non-cheating athletes. This ruling enabled her return to elite competition without mandatory hormone suppression.

Early Life and Background

Family and Upbringing in

Dutee Chand was born on February 3, 1996, in Chaka Gopalpur, a small handloom village in , , to Chakradhar Chand and Akhuji Chand, both of whom worked as weavers to support the family. As the third of seven children, she grew up in a below-poverty-line that relied solely on the parents' earnings from traditional handloom , an occupation yielding minimal in rural . The family endured severe economic deprivation, residing in a single cramped room shared by all nine members and frequently facing shortages of basic necessities such as food, which underscored the daily struggles of subsistence in their thatched rural setting. These hardships, including the constant pressure of in a resource-scarce environment, cultivated resilience from an early age, with limited opportunities beyond familial labor shaping her formative years. An older sister, , introduced her to the world of sports through her own involvement, providing initial glimpses of athletics as a potential escape from the family's constrained circumstances despite the absence of financial or infrastructural support.

Initial Involvement in Athletics

Dutee Chand's entry into athletics was inspired by her elder sister Saraswati, a national-level sprinter, whose practices along the banks of the River Brahmani in their native captivated the young Chand. Around age 11, Chand began running around a local lake, demonstrating an innate talent for speed that distinguished her from peers despite the absence of formal coaching or equipment. This informal start reflected the rudimentary conditions of her impoverished weavers' family background, where athletics initially served as both recreation and a potential escape from hardship. Transitioning to organized school competitions, Chand quickly earned accolades for her performances, showcasing explosive acceleration and endurance honed through self-motivated practice. These local successes secured her a sports scholarship to a government school in , providing access to better facilities and marking her shift from casual running to structured participation. Under her sister's guidance at the Bhubaneswar Sports Hostel, she focused on core sprint mechanics—starts, strides, and finishes—amid basic training setups that emphasized repetition over advanced technology. By 2013, at age 17, Chand enrolled at KIIT University in to pursue studies while leveraging its stadium for early professional-level drills under modest conditions, including limited track access and manual timing methods. This phase solidified her fundamentals, preparing her for broader competitive exposure without relying on elite resources, and underscored her self-reliant approach amid institutional support gaps in Indian grassroots athletics.

Athletic Achievements

Junior and Early Competitions (2012-2013)

In 2012, at the ninth National Youth Athletics Championships held at in Bangalore from July 14 to 16, Dutee Chand, competing in the under-18 girls' category for , won the gold medal in the 100m event with a time of 11.85 seconds, shattering the previous national youth record of 11.98 seconds set by Srabani Nanda in 2009. The following day, she secured another gold in the 200m, clocking 24.49 seconds to equal the national youth record held by since 2002. These victories marked her emergence as the dominant sprinter in India's youth category, with her 100m time already competitive against some senior national standards. Building on this success, Chand transitioned to junior (under-20) competitions in late 2012 and 2013, winning triple gold medals in the 100m, 200m, and 400m at the Junior National Inter-State Athletics Championships in from October 27 to 31, 2012, where she also set meet records in the sprints. Her performances earned her selection for international junior events and recognition as India's fastest female junior sprinter, with personal bests in the 100m dipping below 12 seconds and approaching elite senior times like the 11.70 national senior record at the time. In July 2013, at the World Youth Championships (under-18) in , , Chand became the first Indian athlete to reach the women's 100m final, finishing sixth in 11.99 seconds amid strong winds affecting times. She also claimed bronze in the 200m event, further solidifying her status as a prodigy capable of global contention. These results qualified her for subsequent Asian Junior Championships and highlighted her rapid progression, as her sprint times began rivaling those of established Indian senior athletes.

National Records and Domestic Successes

Chand demonstrated early dominance in domestic competitions, winning the women's 100m and 200m titles at the National Championships in 2013, marking her emergence as India's top sprinter. She followed with multiple victories at the Federation Cup Senior Athletics Championships, securing 100m golds in editions from onward and maintaining a streak until 2020, often clocking times under 11.5 seconds that outpaced rivals like Archana Suseendran and . At the 21st Federation Cup in 2017, she claimed gold in the 100m while earning silver in the 200m, contributing to her Railways team's strong showing. Chand's performances peaked at the 59th National Open Athletics Championships in Ranchi in October 2019, where she won the 100m gold after setting a then-national record of 11.22 seconds in the semifinals with a legal wind reading. She completed a sprint double by taking the 200m title in 23.20 seconds, reinforcing her status as the preeminent figure in Indian women's sprinting during this period. These achievements, characterized by consistent sub-11.5-second 100m runs in national finals—such as 11.24 seconds at the National Open final—highlighted her technical edge and speed endurance over domestic peers, even amid training disruptions. Her records and titles from 2013 to established benchmarks that elevated standards in Indian athletics.

International Medals and Olympic Participation


Dutee Chand made her Olympic debut at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Games in the women's event, where she competed in the heats and finished seventh in her heat with a time of 11.69 seconds, placing 50th overall and failing to advance to the semifinals. She qualified for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics via world rankings for both the and but was hampered by a strain sustained during national trials; she participated only in the heats, finishing last in her heat with 23.91 seconds and not advancing. Chand's international medals came primarily from Asian competitions following her 2015 ruling. At the in , she secured silver medals in both the women's (11.32 seconds) and (23.20 seconds), with the silver marking India's first in that event at the Games.
YearEventDisciplineMedalPerformance
2017Asian Athletics Championships ()Women's Bronze11.49 seconds
2017Asian Athletics Championships ()Women's Bronze44.31 seconds
2019Asian Athletics Championships ()Women's Bronze23.24 seconds
Chand participated in the in 2018 (Gold Coast) and 2022 (Birmingham), competing in the and relay events but without securing medals; in 2018, she reached the semifinals but placed sixth.

Hyperandrogenism Regulations Challenge

Discovery of High Testosterone Levels and 2014 Suspension

In July 2014, Dutee Chand underwent testing that revealed her serum testosterone levels exceeded the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF, now ) threshold of 10 nmol/L for female eligibility under the IAAF Regulations Governing Eligibility of Females with . The (AFI), adhering to these regulations, provisionally suspended her from competition, determining her ineligible for women's events due to the elevated levels. Chand's stemmed from a natural disorder of sex development (DSD), producing endogenous testosterone rather than through exogenous administration or doping. The AFI's enforcement of the IAAF policy barred her from the in , , where she had qualified based on prior performances, effectively halting her competitive season. This regulatory action necessitated public disclosure of her private medical condition to justify the suspension, raising concerns about athlete privacy in eligibility verifications.

Appeal to Court of Arbitration for Sport (2014-2015)

In September 2014, following her suspension by the Athletics Federation of India (AFI) under International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) hyperandrogenism regulations, Dutee Chand filed an appeal with the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) challenging the validity of the IAAF's Regulations Governing Eligibility of Females with Hyperandrogenism. Chand argued that the rules, which barred women with naturally elevated testosterone levels above 10 nmol/L from competing unless surgically or medically reduced, were discriminatory on the basis of sex and lacked sufficient scientific evidence establishing a direct causal link to unfair performance advantages in athletics. She contended that the regulations presumed an advantage without event-specific proof, potentially violating principles of proportionality and fairness under the World Anti-Doping Code and Olympic Charter. The CAS panel, composed of three arbitrators, reviewed extensive expert testimony and scientific submissions from both parties during hearings in 2015. On July 24, 2015, the panel issued an interim arbitral award upholding the regulations' intent to ensure fairness in the female category but suspending their application for up to 24 months. The decision required the IAAF to provide evidence demonstrating that endogenous testosterone levels above 10 nmol/L confer more than a 5% performance advantage in specific track events (such as the 400m to 1-mile distances) compared to women with levels below that threshold; failure to do so would render the rules void. The panel noted the IAAF's evidence on general male-female differences but found insufficient targeted data on hyperandrogenic females to justify blanket enforcement without further validation. This ruling immediately lifted Chand's ban, permitting her to resume competition in the female category without testosterone suppression, pending the IAAF's response. It established a burden-of-proof framework that influenced subsequent challenges, including those by athletes like , by emphasizing empirical demonstration of advantages over presumptive policies. The IAAF did not appeal the decision, allowing the suspension to stand.

Scientific Debates on Biological Advantages in Female Athletics

Scientific research has established that circulating testosterone levels significantly influence athletic performance, particularly in events requiring strength, speed, and power, with male-typical concentrations conferring advantages comparable to the overall sex-based performance gap observed in elite . A 2017 study analyzing serum levels in over 2,000 elite athletes at the 2011 and 2013 World Championships found positive s between higher testosterone and better results in female competitors across (400m to 800m), , and , estimating performance improvements of 2-5% per standard deviation increase in androgens, which cumulatively approach the 10-12% male-female disparity in these disciplines. This aligns with broader physiological data indicating testosterone's causal role in enhancing muscle mass, concentration, and fast-twitch fiber development during , effects that persist even after suppression in some cases. Peer-reviewed evidence further demonstrates dose-response benefits, where exogenous testosterone administration in women improved strength and endurance metrics by up to 10-15% in controlled trials, underscoring androgens' mechanistic contribution to performance beyond mere correlation. In athletes with differences of sex development (DSD) exhibiting —often 46,XY karyotypes with functional testes producing male-range testosterone (typically >10 nmol/L)—empirical data reveal outsized advantages in restricted events, driven by androgen exposure mimicking male pubertal development. ' 2018 eligibility regulations, informed by reanalysis of competition data, quantified that such athletes outperform non-hyperandrogenic females by 7-9% on average in 400m-1 mile events when testosterone remains unsuppressed, a margin exceeding typical within-sex variation and justifying category restrictions for fairness. These findings draw from longitudinal performance modeling and hematological profiles, emphasizing that internal testes enable sustained androgenic effects on and oxygen transport, advantages not fully mitigated by post-pubertal interventions. The (CAS) upheld these regulations in 2019, citing sufficient evidence of discriminatory impact on female competitors absent testosterone caps below 5 nmol/L (or 2.5 nmol/L for 46,XY DSD), prioritizing biological equity over unrestricted participation. Counterarguments, often from advocacy-aligned reviews, contend that direct causation remains unproven for specific DSD phenotypes, highlighting methodological flaws in studies like small sample sizes for hyperandrogenic subgroups and failure to isolate testosterone from confounders such as or . Critics argue ethical issues with mandating suppression—potentially causing metabolic risks like —outweigh unquantified advantages, proposing open categories instead, though such proposals lack empirical validation for maintaining competitive balance. Despite these, regulatory bodies maintain that proxy evidence from male-female gaps and provides a robust case, with ongoing debates reflecting tensions between individual rights and collective fairness in sex-segregated , where unsuppressed male-range hormones erode the purpose of categories established to account for average 10-50% differences in performance determinants. The Swiss Federal Tribunal's 2020 dismissal of appeals against CAS reinforced this framework, affirming regulations as proportionate based on available data.

Later Career and Setbacks

Asian Games and Peak Performances (2016-2019)

Following the Court of Arbitration for Sport ruling in her favor, Dutee Chand resumed international competition with her Olympic debut at the 2016 Rio Games, where she competed in the women's 100m event and clocked 11.69 seconds in the heats, finishing seventh in her heat and failing to advance to the semifinals. In 2017, at the Asian Athletics Championships held in Bhubaneswar, India, Chand secured bronze medals in both the women's 100m and the 4x100m relay events, contributing to India's relay success alongside teammates including Srabani Nanda. Chand achieved her peak international success at the in , , where she won silver medals in the women's 100m final with a time of 11.32 seconds—India's first medal in the event since 1998—and in the 200m final with 23.20 seconds, marking a double medal haul that highlighted her sprinting prowess. These performances included a personal best of 23.00 seconds in the 200m semifinals, underscoring her competitive resurgence. In July 2019, she added to her accolades by winning gold in the women's 100m at the Summer Universiade in Naples, , with a time of 11.32 seconds, becoming the first Indian woman to claim a gold at the event. Domestically in 2019, Chand continued her dominance by breaking her own national record in the women's 100m with a time of 11.22 seconds during the semifinals of the National Open Athletics Championships in on October 11, before securing gold in the final. This record-breaking run, improving on her previous mark of 11.26 seconds, affirmed her status as India's fastest female sprinter during this period.

Doping Violation, Ban, and Retirement (2022-2024)

On December 5, 2022, Dutee Chand tested positive for three selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs)—, (ostarine), and (LGD-4033)—in an out-of-competition doping control conducted by the National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA). These substances are prohibited under the World Anti-Doping Code as anabolic agents, with SARMs known for their potential to promote muscle growth and recovery. Chand received a provisional suspension shortly thereafter, effective from January 2023, barring her from competitions while the case proceeded. She maintained that she had never intentionally used performance-enhancing drugs, attributing the positive result to contaminated supplements. On August 17, 2023, NADA's Anti-Doping Disciplinary Panel ruled that Chand violated Articles 2.1 (presence of prohibited substances) and 2.2 (use of prohibited substances) of the NADA Code, imposing a four-year ineligibility period effective retroactively from January 3, 2023—the date of the notification of the adverse analytical finding—to January 2, 2027. All competitive results, points, and prizes earned from the sample collection date were disqualified. Chand filed an appeal with the Anti-Doping Appeal Panel (ADAP), reiterating her claim of inadvertent ingestion via supplements, but on June 3, 2024, ADAP dismissed the appeal, upholding the full ban. The upheld suspension prevented Chand's participation in the 2024 Paris Olympics, for which she had previously expressed plans to compete as her final major event before retirement. This doping violation and resulting ban marked the effective end of her active competitive career during the 2022–2024 period, aligning with her pre-ban intentions to retire post-2024 while imposing a mandatory hiatus until 2027.

Personal Life

Public Disclosure of Bisexuality (2019)

In May 2019, Dutee Chand publicly disclosed her in an interview with , marking her as India's first openly LGBTQ+ national athlete. She described her partner as a from her village in and referred to her as her "," stating that the relationship had been ongoing for several years. The disclosure followed the Indian Supreme Court's September 2018 ruling decriminalizing consensual same-sex relations under of the , which Chand credited with providing her the confidence to speak openly. She explained that the verdict affirmed that "we aren't wrong," alleviating fears of legal repercussions and enabling her to advocate for personal freedom in love. Chand emphasized her , noting attractions to both genders but choosing to live authentically despite societal pressures in conservative . Chand's revelation was prompted in part by blackmail and harassment from her elder sister, who threatened to expose the relationship unless Chand provided financial support. This led her to preemptively go public, expressing exhaustion from hiding her personal life and a desire for broader acceptance of diverse orientations. Immediate reactions included familial opposition, with Chand's mother voicing disapproval and urging her to end the relationship, alongside societal backlash from her village community, which effectively disowned her. Media coverage hailed her as a pioneer for LGBTQ+ visibility in Indian , though it did not prompt alterations to athletic federation policies on .

Health Issues Including Cancer Diagnosis

In November 2021, Chand experienced persistent groin pain stemming from an injury during the National Inter-State Championships, prompting an MRI scan that detected a stage 1 growth. Her physician, Sudeep Satpathy, diagnosed the condition as an early-stage attack and recommended immediate cessation of sports to mitigate risks. Chand linked the onset potentially to her underlying testosterone hormone imbalance tied to differences of sex development (DSD), noting the cancer's location in the area. After a 15- to 20-day course of medication, the pain resolved without surgical intervention or further oncological confirmation, as she avoided retesting amid subsequent doping scrutiny. The diagnosis instilled ongoing fear during training sessions, with Chand expressing reluctance to pursue comprehensive medical follow-up due to uncertainties in her athletic status. She publicly disclosed these health challenges in August 2023 while contesting a doping ban, highlighting the psychological burden alongside her DSD-related .

Family Responsibilities and Advocacy Efforts

Chand has utilized her athletic earnings to fulfill significant family obligations, constructing a house for her parents in at a cost of approximately ₹70 , partially funded by ₹3 in prize money awarded by the state government for her achievements. Her , originating from a background of traditional handloom in rural , relied on modest incomes, and Chand has assumed responsibility for their financial support, including enhancements to their living conditions despite occasional familial tensions over resource allocation. In her advocacy efforts, Chand has maintained a selective focus on personal liberties rather than extensive campaigns for systemic change. Following her public disclosure of a , she has endorsed individual rights to such partnerships and supported legal recognition of in as an extension of personal autonomy, emphasizing choice without delving into institutional overhauls in sports governance or societal norms. Her involvement remains limited, prioritizing her career and family over broad , as evidenced by symbolic gestures like carrying the LGBTQ+ at the opening ceremony to highlight ongoing challenges for . Chand's commentary on gender eligibility issues reflects this restrained approach, informed by her own history of hyperandrogenism scrutiny. In August 2024, amid the controversy surrounding Algerian boxer Imane Khelif's participation in the Paris Olympics—where Khelif faced allegations of biological male advantages despite prior disqualifications for failing gender tests—Chand defended the athlete's clearance, arguing that hormonal levels do not inherently boost and drawing parallels to her 2014-2015 legal battle against testosterone regulations. She highlighted the necessity of rigorous pre-competition testing and clearances by bodies like the , questioning why such doubts arise primarily upon victories by athletes from non-Western nations.

Awards and Honors

National and International Recognitions

Dutee Chand received the in athletics from the on August 29, 2020, in recognition of her silver medals in the women's 100m and 4x100m relay at the . The award, presented virtually due to the , marked her as the first openly LGBT athlete in to receive this national sporting honor. The awarded her cash prizes for her achievements, including ₹1.5 crore announced by Chief Minister on August 27, 2018, specifically for the 100m silver at the , with additional incentives for the relay medal bringing the total state support to higher amounts. The Athletic Association also provided ₹50,000 for the same performances. Chand holds the Indian national record in the women's 100m with a time of 11.17 seconds, achieved at the Indian Grand Prix-4 in on June 21, 2021. This record predates her 2023 doping violation and remains intact, as the four-year ban imposed by the National Anti-Doping Agency, effective from January 3, 2023, disqualified only results from the date of the prohibited substance samples onward without retroactively affecting prior records or awards. Internationally, she was honored with the India Courage Award in February 2020 for her resilience in challenging regulations and personal advocacy. The government nominated her for the Major Khel Ratna Award in June 2021, though it was not conferred.

Controversies and Legacy

Criticisms of Sports Fairness Policies

Critics of the policies permitting Dutee Chand to compete in women's events without testosterone suppression have argued that her naturally elevated levels, stemming from , provide a significant physiological advantage akin to performance characteristics, thereby undermining fairness for typical athletes. Empirical studies indicate that athletes with high testosterone exhibit performance enhancements of 1.8% to 4.5% in events like , driven by increased muscle mass, strength, and , effects causally linked to androgens. This edge narrows the established 10-12% performance gap between elite and athletes in sprint and power events, where advantages derive from 10-20 times higher testosterone concentrations. Stakeholders, including sports scientists and governing bodies, contend that allowing unregulated hyperandrogenism overlooks these biological realities, as data from elite show women with elevated free testosterone consistently outperforming those with typical ranges by margins exceeding what training alone explains. Such disparities, they assert, compromise the integrity of sex-segregated categories designed to account for immutable sex-based differences in and , with peer-reviewed analyses confirming androgens' role in elevating performance toward male-equivalent levels in strength and speed disciplines. Chand's 2023 four-year doping ban for using prohibited substances like testosterone further fueled critiques, highlighting an irony in defending as "" while resorting to exogenous enhancements, which suggests her endogenous levels alone did not suffice for elite competitiveness and erodes arguments against regulation on purity grounds. This incident, involving two failed out-of-competition tests, prompted observers to question the consistency of claims that high testosterone warrants no intervention, as it parallels the very performance-augmenting mechanisms policies seek to curb. Certain media and advocacy narratives have framed Chand's case primarily as a fight against , often sidelining of testosterone's causal impact on athletic disparities, a portrayal critics attribute to ideological preferences over data-driven fairness in sex-based sports divisions. While sources like mainstream outlets emphasize inclusion, they underplay peer-reviewed findings on benefits, reflecting potential biases in coverage that prioritize equity rhetoric over physiological realism.

Impact on Gender Eligibility Debates and Indian Athletics

Chand's 2014 challenge to the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF, now World Athletics) Hyperandrogenism Regulations before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) resulted in a 2015 ruling that suspended the testosterone eligibility limits for female athletes with hyperandrogenism, pending scientific evidence of a performance advantage exceeding 10-12% over typical female competitors. This decision shifted the burden onto the IAAF to substantiate claims of unfair advantage from elevated endogenous testosterone, fostering debates on the evidentiary thresholds for sex-based categories in sports and emphasizing the need for peer-reviewed data over presumptive policies. The temporary suspension allowed athletes like Chand to compete without mandatory interventions, but it also catalyzed subsequent IAAF research, culminating in 2018 DSD regulations that imposed testosterone caps for specific events after studies demonstrated persistent advantages in strength, speed, and endurance for athletes with differences of sex development (DSD). These rules, upheld in related CAS arbitrations, underscored how Chand's precedent reinforced demands for rigorous, causation-based criteria rather than indefinite suspensions, though critics argued the process still privileged regulatory intervention over individual variances. In Indian athletics, Chand's international visibility elevated the profile of women's sprinting, contributing to greater media coverage and participation in events like the 100m and 4x100m relay, where she secured bronzes at the 2017 Asian Championships and silvers at the 2018 Asian Games. Her successes highlighted systemic underinvestment in sprint training infrastructure, prompting calls for enhanced national programs amid India's historical dominance in field events over track sprints. However, her 2022 positive doping test—revealing prohibited substances under National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) Articles 2.1 (presence) and 2.2 (use)—led to a four-year ban imposed in August 2023, exposing enforcement gaps in India's anti-doping framework, including inconsistent testing and athlete education. This incident, occurring post her hyperandrogenism clearance, amplified scrutiny on regulatory oversight, as NADA's alignment with World Anti-Doping Agency standards failed to prevent violations, thereby tempering her role in inspiring sustained elite development. Chand's legacy in these arenas embodies perseverance against institutional barriers, yet empirical outcomes raise causal questions about long-term viability without physiological edges or external aids; her personal bests improved post-2015 ruling, but the doping infraction and evolutions suggest that unaddressed advantages or lapses undermine competitive , fueling ongoing reforms in both global eligibility protocols and Indian .

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