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Earth-616
First appearance
Created by
In-universe information
TypeMarvel Comics multiverse
PublisherMarvel Comics

In the Marvel Comics multiverse, Earth-616 is the primary continuity in which most Marvel Comics titles take place.[1]

Origins of the term

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The designation "Earth-616" has its origins in Captain Britain comics from the early 1980s and can be attributed to both Dave Thorpe and Alan Moore. The term was first used in "Rough Justice", a story credited to both Alan Moore and Alan Davis published in July 1983 by Marvel UK in the seventh issue of the anthology comic The Daredevils (and was later reprinted in the Captain Britain trade paperback). Due to this, it is often credited to Moore, though Davis said in 2007 that the term had been internally established earlier by Thorpe, who was the previous writer for Captain Britain, as part of the "Captain Britain folklore". He said that it came from a variation on the number of the beast, picked because Thorpe disliked the modern superhero genre and expressed this in various ways in his stories, including recording his opinion of the Marvel Universe with the 616 designation.[2] As a coincidence, 616 was discovered as a variant of 666 both with the Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus and Papyrus 115 in 2005.

In a 2019 interview with Rich Johnston, Thorpe confirmed that the number was derived from subtracting 50 from 666, but that the reference to the number of the beast was because the designation was intended for the "Crooked World" of the Jaspers' Warp storyline. However, when Moore wrote the story for The Daredevils, the Crooked World was designated Earth 238, and Earth 616 was used by Saturnyne to differentiate Brian Braddock, the Captain Britain of the regular Marvel Comics universe, from the other members of the Captain Britain Corps, each of which inhabit different universes.[3]

After its use in The Daredevils, the designation was later used by the American branch of Marvel Comics in the Excalibur title, which frequently referred to Captain Britain's early UK-published adventures. This comic was written by Chris Claremont, who had created Captain Britain, and pencilled by Alan Davis, the artist on the UK-published series. Davis later had a run as both writer and artist on the book.[3]

References to Earth-616

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In other media

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Marvel Cinematic Universe

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Main article: Earth-616 (Marvel Cinematic Universe)

Other films

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Editorial reaction

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Former Marvel Editor in Chief Joe Quesada and Executive Editor Tom Brevoort have each stated their dislike for the term Earth-616.

I can tell you for sure that those of us actually working on the books virtually never use the term—and I kind of wince inside whenever I hear somebody use it. It just sounds so stupid to my ear, and so counter to the kind of mindset we try to foster in regard to the stories we create and the thinking we try to employ.

— Marvel Executive Editor Tom Brevoort[9]

I never use it, I hate the term pure and simple and agree with Tom's assessment of it. I can't remember ever hearing it in the office and only really see it used online for the most part. I think the term really came into vogue when the Ultimate Universe came into prominence, but in my world, the language and distinctions are simple, there is the Marvel Universe and the Ultimate Universe. Anything other than that reeks of all that DC Earth 1, Earth 2, Earth Prime stuff which I've never really taken to, but then again, I got into DC when they got rid of all that stuff so it was from and for a different era than my own.

— Marvel Editor-in-Chief Joe Quesada, 2007[10]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Earth-616

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Earth-616 is the designation for the primary universe in the Marvel Comics multiverse, serving as the central continuity and main setting for the publisher's flagship superhero narratives and characters. The term originated in the 1983 Marvel UK comic The Daredevils #7, in the story "Rough Justice" written by David Thorpe, where it was used to identify the core Marvel reality amid explorations of parallel worlds overseen by the cosmic entity Merlyn. This designation has since become canonical, distinguishing Earth-616 as the "prime universe" from countless alternate realities like Earth-1610 (the ) or Earth-295 (the Age of Apocalypse). Earth-616's history spans decades, with roots in Marvel's Golden Age publications starting in 1939, featuring early heroes such as and the original . However, it is most prominently defined by the Silver Age revival beginning with Fantastic Four #1 in November 1961, which introduced Reed Richards, Sue Storm, Johnny Storm, and Ben Grimm—transformed by cosmic rays into the —and launched the interconnected modern era of Marvel storytelling. This universe employs a "rolling timeline" to maintain contemporary relevance, allowing events to slide forward while preserving core character arcs and major milestones like the formation of the Avengers in 1963 or the debut of in 1962. As the foundational reality, Earth-616 houses iconic teams and figures including the Avengers, , , , and , who navigate threats ranging from supervillains like and to multiversal crises such as those in . Its narrative framework has influenced countless crossovers, reboots, and expansions, solidifying its role as the heart of Marvel's fictional cosmology.

Definition and Context

Role as the Primary Marvel Universe

Earth-616 serves as the designation for the primary Marvel Comics universe, recognized as the "Prime Universe" where the core continuity of the publisher's flagship characters unfolds. This reality is home to iconic heroes such as Spider-Man, the Avengers, and the X-Men, whose primary adventures and ongoing narratives define the essence of Marvel's storytelling. The canonical status of Earth-616 encompasses all major Marvel storylines dating back to the company's debut in 1939, incorporating subsequent retcons and adjustments to maintain unless explicitly designated as part of an alternate reality. It represents an uninterrupted timeline that began in earnest with the launch of #1 in 1961, forming the foundational narrative framework for decades of interconnected tales. Unlike the real-world publication history of individual comic issues, Earth-616 functions as an in-universe label that emphasizes the shared continuity across series, rather than being anchored to specific print runs or editorial eras. This approach allows for a cohesive fictional world that evolves through collective events, independent of isolated publication milestones. The designation of Earth-616 was introduced to clearly differentiate the main Marvel continuity from emerging multiverse elements, enabling crossovers and alternate explorations without compromising the integrity of the primary reality. As explained by its creator, writer David Thorpe, this setup ensured that experiments in parallel universes, such as those in Marvel UK titles, would not disrupt the established canon of the core universe.

Position Within the Multiverse

Earth-616 occupies a central position within the Marvel , an infinite collection of parallel realities that branch from divergent events, outcomes, and timelines across existence. As the prime universe, it represents the foundational continuity where the majority of Marvel's core characters, histories, and narratives are established and explored in depth, serving as the from which many alternate Earths diverge. This centrality makes Earth-616 the most extensively developed reality, with its events often influencing or intersecting with other universes through cosmic phenomena and crossovers. Realities in the are cataloged using a numeric designation system, where each is labeled as "Earth-" followed by a unique code, such as Earth-616 for the prime universe or Earth-1610 for the . This indexing provides a consistent framework for identifying and referencing the infinite variants, though the specific numbers are derived from an arbitrary yet standardized method employed by cosmic overseers to map the structure of existence. Entities like the Watchers, an ancient race dedicated to observing without interference, and , a temporal guardian manipulating timelines, utilize these designations in their roles safeguarding or navigating the . A key mechanic defining inter-universal dynamics is the incursion, a catastrophic collision between two Earths that erodes the barriers separating realities, ultimately leading to mutual destruction if unresolved. Earth-616 has been at the heart of several such crises, most notably in the 2015 event, where it collided with Earth-1610 in a final incursion, resulting in the annihilation of the entire and the formation of Battleworld—a composite world forged from surviving fragments under Doctor Doom's rule—before Earth-616 was restored as the reborn central reality. Other pivotal interactions include the storyline, where Scarlet Witch's reality alteration decimated the population on Earth-616, creating echoes that reverberated through multiversal histories, and , which pitted Earth's heroes against each other over the Phoenix Force, a primordial multiversal entity whose power threatened to reshape the prime universe's balance. In the years following 2023, Earth-616's prominence persists amid escalating multiversal sagas, underscoring its role as the nexus for existential threats. The 2024 Blood Hunt event unleashed a uprising during an eternal night, with the sun blotted out, empowering vampires to launch coordinated attacks across Earth-616. Following the Fall of X narrative arc (2023-2025), which chronicled the collapse of the nation due to betrayals by anti- forces like , scattering survivors and amplifying threats from alternate timelines, the Age of Revelation event (2025) advances the timeline 10 years forward. In this new status quo, Doug Ramsey—as heir to —establishes the Revelation Territories, a utopia, amid global threats and new and Avengers teams, further intertwining , vampires, and broader multiversal stability in ongoing conflicts.

Origins and Development

Coining of the Term

The term "Earth-616" was first introduced in the British comic The Daredevils #7, published in July 1983 by Marvel UK, within the "Captain Britain" strip written by David Thorpe and illustrated by Alan Davis. In the story titled "Rough Justice," the character Opal Luna Saturnyne, serving as the Majestrate of the Dimensional Development Court, uses the designation "Earth-616" to refer to the primary Marvel reality while judging it alongside other dimensions during a multiversal conflict involving the Captain Britain Corps—an organization of alternate-universe counterparts to the hero Brian Braddock. This marked the initial labeling of the main Marvel continuity as one dimension among many, establishing a framework for the burgeoning multiverse concept in Marvel UK publications. Thorpe selected the number "616" arbitrarily as a neutral, random identifier to distinguish the core from others, without any inherent significance or primacy implied. The Captain Britain strip originated as a weekly feature in Marvel UK's Marvel Super Heroes magazine (issues #388–394, 1982), continued in The Daredevils (1983–1986), and was later reprinted in collected editions, including the 2009 Captain Britain by Alan Moore & Alan Davis Omnibus. Following its debut, the term did not achieve immediate widespread use across Marvel's American titles but began to gain broader recognition in the amid expanded storytelling, such as in events exploring interdimensional crossovers.

Early Adoption and Evolution

Following its initial introduction in 1983, the designation "Earth-616" began to gain traction within Marvel's broader narrative framework during the late 1980s. A key instance of its expanded application occurred in #14 (November 1989), written by , where the term reinforced themes of multiversal travel as the team navigated alternate realities during the "Cross-Time Caper" storyline. This usage marked a shift from its niche origins in publications to integration into core U.S. titles, helping to standardize mechanics across interconnected stories. By the 1990s, "Earth-616" achieved more formal recognition through Marvel's reference materials, notably appearing in the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe series, including its appendices that cataloged multiversal designations for character profiles and alternate realities. This institutionalization extended into major events of the 2000s, such as Avengers Disassembled (2004), where the designation implicitly anchored the primary continuity amid the storyline's universe-shaking disruptions to the Avengers roster. These developments solidified "Earth-616" as a consistent label for the main Marvel timeline, transitioning it from an ad hoc reference to a structural element in editorial planning. The term's evolution from informal descriptor to canonical cornerstone accelerated in the 2010s, particularly through high-stakes crossovers that explicitly positioned Earth-616 as the "prime" Earth at the multiverse's core. In Fear Itself (2011), written by , the narrative's global catastrophe unfolded explicitly within Earth-616, emphasizing its centrality as the focal point for interdimensional threats like the Serpent's hammers. This was further entrenched in Jonathan Hickman's (2015), where incursions between Earth-616 and other realities led to the multiverse's destruction and rebirth, with Earth-616 reemerging as the foundational "prime" universe post-event. As of 2025, Earth-616's status continues to be reinforced in contemporary arcs, distinguishing it from emerging variants. The 2023 crossover , by , explored dystopian timelines originating from Earth-616's mutant society under Mister Sinister's influence, underscoring its role as the origin point for branching realities. Similarly, (2023-2024), written by , highlighted Earth-616 as the Maker's escape point from imprisonment, contrasting it with the newly established designated Earth-6160, thereby maintaining Earth-616's primacy amid multiversal expansions.

Usage in Comics

In-Universe References

Within Marvel Comics narratives, the designation "Earth-616" is frequently invoked by key characters to denote the primary reality amid multiversal conflicts. Sorcerers like often reference it when navigating dimensional barriers or confronting extradimensional entities, underscoring its status as the central hub of heroic endeavors. Similarly, cosmic beings such as the employ the term during incursions into this reality, as seen in explorations of alternate dimensions, while Merlyn, from the extra-dimensional , uses it to distinguish Earth-616 from parallel worlds like those overseen by the Captain Britain Corps. The term gained prominence in 2000s crossover events involving multiversal threats, such as zombie incursions from alternate realities like Earth-2149 in the Marvel Zombies series, highlighting differences in heroic morality and survival amid interdimensional breaches. In plotlines, "Earth-616" functions as a crucial narrative device to facilitate dimension-hopping adventures, provoke identity crises among travelers, and depict catastrophic incursions between realities. This usage emphasizes the fragility of Earth-616 against cosmic forces that could unravel its timeline. More recent storylines continue to leverage the designation to underscore Earth-616's precarious role in larger cosmic dramas. In A.X.E.: Judgment Day (2022), Celestial judges target Earth-616 for evaluation during a war between Eternals, X-Men, and Avengers, portraying it as a battleground vulnerable to divine scrutiny and extinction-level judgments. Likewise, the G.O.D.S. miniseries (2023-2024) features gods and avatars debating the fate of Earth-616 amid revelations about the multiverse's natural order, reinforcing its centrality as a nexus prone to existential threats from higher powers.

Key Story Arcs and Events

One of the foundational events in the primary Marvel Universe is the Infinity Gauntlet storyline, where the Mad Titan Thanos collects the six Infinity Gems to form the Infinity Gauntlet, granting him near-omnipotent control over reality, time, space, mind, soul, and power, thereby threatening the existence of all life on Earth. In this 1991 miniseries, Thanos uses the Gauntlet to eradicate half of all life in the universe with a snap, leading Earth's heroes—including the Avengers, Fantastic Four, and cosmic entities like Adam Warlock—to form an alliance to confront him in a climactic battle that reshapes cosmic hierarchies and establishes the Infinity Gems as pivotal artifacts. This event defines key character arcs, such as Nebula's temporary empowerment and the formation of the Infinity Watch to safeguard the Gems, marking a continuity reset that integrates cosmic threats into terrestrial superhero narratives. Another seminal arc is (2005), in which Wanda Maximoff, the , driven by mental instability and manipulation, warps reality to create a world where mutants dominate humanity, fulfilling her father Magneto's vision and decimating the Avengers in the process. As the Avengers and unite to confront her, the storyline culminates in Wanda uttering "No more mutants," depowering over 99% of Earth's mutant population in a cataclysmic event known as M-Day, which drastically alters mutant society and forces survivors to adapt to near-extinction. This narrative profoundly impacts character developments, particularly for and Quicksilver, while introducing lasting continuity changes like reduced mutant numbers that influence subsequent stories. In more recent modern arcs, Secret Invasion (2008) reveals a long-term Skrull infiltration of Earth, where the shape-shifting aliens have replaced numerous heroes and leaders with impostors, sowing paranoia among the Avengers, X-Men, and other teams as they battle an invading armada. The event exposes betrayals, such as Elektra's replacement, and culminates in a global war that kills key figures like Wasp, leading to Norman Osborn's rise to power and the formation of the Dark Avengers. Civil War II (2016) pits heroes against each other over the use of Ulysses, a precognitive Inhuman, with Captain Marvel advocating preemptive strikes based on visions while Iron Man opposes the ethical violations, resulting in conflicts that include the death of Hulk and the arrest of Captain America. This schism drives personal evolutions, such as Carol Danvers' leadership role, and resets alliances in the post-event landscape. Similarly, King in Black (2020) sees symbiote god Knull invade Earth with an army of symbiote dragons, blanketing the planet in darkness and forcing Venom (Eddie Brock) and other heroes to unite against him, culminating in Knull's defeat and the empowerment of new symbiote hosts. The arc advances Brock's redemption and establishes symbiotes as a central antagonistic force, altering power dynamics for characters like Spider-Man and the Avengers. Post-2023 developments include Fall of the House of X (2024), where the anti-mutant organization launches a coordinated assault on , the nation-state, using advanced technology and Sentinels to dismantle its resurrection protocols and force into exile. This event depicts the collapse of Krakoan society, with captured and key figures like Cyclops leading guerrilla resistance, marking the end of the Krakoa era and a major continuity shift toward fragmented survival. Concurrently, Blood Hunt (2024) unleashes a uprising enabled by a Darkforce-induced eternal night, uniting disparate factions to overrun Earth and targeting heroes like and the Midnight Sons in a bid for global domination. The storyline involves crossovers with the Avengers and , resulting in widespread transformations and battles that redefine supernatural threats. In 2025, the One World Under Doom event sees ascend as Sorcerer Supreme and declare himself Emperor, reshaping global power structures and drawing in heroes across the in a line-wide crossover as of November 2025. These arcs collectively underscore Earth-616's narrative centrality by driving unique character growth, such as resilience post-Krakoa, and implementing continuity resets that distinguish it from multiversal variants.

Adaptations in Other Media

Live-Action Films and Series

In the (MCU), the primary timeline, known as the "Sacred Timeline," is officially designated as Earth-616 according to the Marvel Studios' The Marvel Cinematic Universe: An Official Timeline guidebook, which supersedes the earlier designation of Earth-199999 used in Marvel's official publications. Live-action films and series refer to it as Earth-616 to evoke the comic book continuity. This shift emphasizes multiversal crossovers and aligns the cinematic narratives more closely with the source material's nomenclature. The Disney+ series (2021–2023) introduces the multiverse through the Time Variance Authority, with a reference to a '616-adjacent realm' in its Season 2 finale, tying into events from (2023). A prominent reference appears in (2024), where an onscreen title card explicitly labels the MCU as Earth-616 during Deadpool's meta-humorous interview with Happy Hogan to join the Avengers, portraying it as a distinct from Deadpool's Earth-10005 and blending cinematic and comic universes. In in the Multiverse of Madness (2022), Earth-616 is directly named as the home universe of Stephen Strange, contrasted against variants like Earth-838's to underscore its primacy amid multiversal threats. Sony's Spider-Man Universe (SSU) establishes loose ties to Earth-616 through multiversal portals in Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021), where a fragment of the symbiote from Venom (2018)'s Earth-688 remains in the MCU timeline, setting up potential crossovers. The series WandaVision (2021) draws inspiration from Earth-616's House of M (2005) event, mirroring Scarlet Witch's reality-warping creation of a suburban illusion that echoes her comic depowerment of mutants and familial delusions.

Animated and Other Formats

Earth-616, the primary continuity of , has been adapted into various animated series that draw directly from its core events and character arcs, often without explicitly labeling the universe to maintain narrative flexibility. X-Men: The Animated Series (1992–1997), produced by and , faithfully depicts key storylines from Earth-616, such as the origins of and Magneto's rivalry, , and the Days of Future Past timeline, while establishing its own designated universe (Earth-92131) that branches from 616 elements. This approach allowed the series to explore mutant-human conflicts and team dynamics central to 616's lore, influencing subsequent adaptations through its serialized format and by talents like as . Similarly, Marvel's What If...? (2021–present), an on Disney+, examines alternate outcomes inspired by pivotal 616 moments, such as "What If... Captain Carter Were the First Avenger?" which reimagines events from #1 (1941), anchoring its multiversal narratives to the foundational beats of Earth-616 while diverging into hypothetical scenarios observed by the Watcher. These episodes, voiced by MCU actors like , highlight 616's narrative structure as a baseline for exploring "what if" divergences, with seasons expanding to include 616-adjacent tales like zombie apocalypses echoing comics. In video games, Earth-616 serves as the inspirational framework for several titles that create equivalent worlds blending comic lore with interactive gameplay. Marvel's Spider-Man (2018), developed by for PlayStation, is set in Earth-1048, a that mirrors 616's and Peter Parker's life, incorporating iconic villains like and story arcs from comics, such as the formation, while introducing original elements like the updated storyline. The game's success, with over 22 million units sold worldwide, underscores its role in popularizing 616-equivalent adventures through web-slinging mechanics and a faithful portrayal of Peter's dual life as student and hero. Likewise, Marvel's Avengers (2020), from and , unfolds in its own continuity but replicates 616's Avengers assembly post-A-Day disaster, drawing from events like Avengers #1 (1963) and featuring heroes such as and Black Widow in campaigns against AIM, emphasizing team-based combat and live-service updates that echo 616's ongoing team evolutions. Looking ahead, Marvel Rivals (2024), a multiplayer shooter by NetEase Games, incorporates multiversal elements with DLC and events like the 616 Vault (launched June 2025), which reintroduces skins and bundles inspired by Earth-616 designs for characters like and Magik, allowing players to engage in cross-universe battles rooted in 616's heroic archetypes. In tabletop gaming, Marvel United (2020) by CMON, and its Multiverse expansion (2025 Kickstarter), positions 616 as the baseline universe amid alternate realities, with cooperative gameplay featuring heroes like thwarting villains such as , incorporating card-driven mechanics that nod to 616 events like the Kree-Skrull War while allowing multiversal crossovers for expanded play. More recently, Your Friendly Neighborhood Spider-Man (2025–present), an animated series on Disney+ created by Jeff Trammell, aligns closely with 616 comics canon by depicting Peter Parker's high school origins and mentorship under , drawing from #15 (1962) and early Lee/Ditko issues, while operating in a standalone timeline to emphasize youthful, comic-accurate adventures free from broader MCU constraints. These formats collectively extend 616's reach, prioritizing interpretive adaptations that honor its foundational stories across non-live-action media.

Reception and Legacy

Editorial and Creator Perspectives

Marvel editors have long viewed Earth-616 as the core continuity of the , emphasizing its primacy amid the expansive . Tom Brevoort, a longtime executive editor, has described the "Earth-616" designation itself as "nonsense," arguing that it is merely a fan-constructed label rather than an official identifier, while insisting that this universe remains the "real" central to the publisher's storytelling. This stance reflects a broader resistance to over-relying on multiversal elements, which Brevoort and others see as potentially diluting the focus on Earth-616's established characters and history. Creator perspectives on Earth-616 vary, with early innovators like playing a key role in its conceptualization before later disengaging from narratives. Writer David Thorpe, alongside artist , introduced the term in the 1983 Marvel UK story "The Daredevils #7," using it to denote the primary Marvel reality in a multiversal framework. Moore has since distanced himself from Marvel's ongoing universe in retrospectives, critiquing the genre's cultural dominance without directly addressing the numbering. In contrast, writer innovatively integrated Earth-616 into his 2019 relaunch with House of X and Powers of X, employing the designation to explore existential threats across timelines and realities, thereby reinforcing its narrative weight in contemporary arcs. A persistent creative challenge in maintaining Earth-616 lies in balancing intricate continuity with accessibility for new readers, avoiding full reboots that could alienate longtime fans. Following the 2015 event, which temporarily shattered the , Marvel's "All-New, All-Different" initiative relaunched over 50 titles with fresh #1 issues while preserving core Earth-616 elements, allowing for updated rosters and storylines without erasing prior history. This approach, spearheaded by then-editor-in-chief , aimed to refresh the universe post-crisis, integrating elements like from the into Earth-616 seamlessly. By 2023-2024, amid the "From the Ashes" X-Men era succeeding the saga, writers like highlighted Earth-616's enduring resilience through stories of survival and adaptation in a hostile world. Ewing's run on , part of this relaunch, portrays scattered teams rebuilding amid global anti- sentiment, underscoring the main universe's capacity to evolve without collapse. This era emphasizes thematic durability, with Ewing drawing on prior continuity to depict heroes rising from defeat, affirming Earth-616 as a robust foundation for ongoing Marvel narratives.

Cultural Impact and Fan Engagement

Earth-616 serves as a cultural emblem of the intricate continuity that defines Marvel Comics' storytelling, representing a vast, interconnected narrative web spanning decades of publications where events like incursions and multiversal crossovers underscore the challenges of maintaining a cohesive canon. This complexity gained heightened visibility post-2020 amid the MCU's multiverse expansion, positioning Earth-616 as a benchmark for discussions on narrative depth versus accessibility in superhero media. Fan engagement with Earth-616 has flourished through dedicated events and online discourse, particularly at major conventions where attendees explore its distinctions from cinematic adaptations. At 2025, Marvel organized immersive experiences and gatherings centered on the Earth-616 universe, fostering debates on its lore versus the MCU's Earth-616, including fan theories extrapolating incursions into broader multiversal speculation. Similarly, Marvel's inaugural "616 Day" on June 16, 2025, promoted fan participation via special releases and community challenges, celebrating the designation's role in Marvel's foundational mythology. The broader cultural ripple of Earth-616 extends to influencing depictions of parallel realities in contemporary media, from television series to , by popularizing frameworks that mirror comic-style divergences in and identity. However, this proliferation has also elicited critiques of oversaturation, with 2024 analyses highlighting "multiverse fatigue" as a byproduct of expansive storytelling that dilutes focus, often contrasting the MCU's approach against the denser Earth-616 continuity. Post-2023, the relaunch further amplified fan discourse by offering a streamlined alternative to Earth-616's accumulated complexity, drawing praise for reinvigorating interest without overhauling the prime timeline.

References

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  51. https://www.thepopverse.com/comics-marvel-multiverse-616-day-amazing-spider-man
  52. https://theconversation.com/ant-man-and-the-wasp-quantumania-marvels-multiverse-saga-has-changed-the-franchises-stakes-200142
  53. https://www.ehstigertimesonline.com/ae/2024/11/08/coming-down-with-multiverse-fatigue-theres-just-too-dang-many-superhero-movies/
  54. https://www.cbr.com/marvel-new-ultimate-universe-better-than-mainline/
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