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"Funky Drummer (Part 1)"
Single by James Brown
from the album In the Jungle Groove
B-side"Funky Drummer (Part 2)"
ReleasedMarch 1970 (1970-03)
RecordedNovember 20, 1969
StudioKing Studios, Cincinnati, Ohio
GenreFunk
Length
  • 2:36 (Part 1)
  • 2:55 (Part 2)
  • 9:15 (album version)
LabelKing
SongwriterJames Brown
ProducerJames Brown
James Brown charting singles chronology
"It's a New Day (Part 1) & (Part 2)"
(1970) 		"Funky Drummer (Part 1)"
(1970) 		"Brother Rapp (Part 1) & (Part 2)"
(1970)
Audio sample
Audio video
"Funky Drummer (Pt. 1 & 2)" on YouTube
External videos
video icon Drummerworld – Stubblefield breakdown of "Cold Sweat" and "Funky Drummer".

"Funky Drummer" is a song by James Brown recorded in 1969 and released as a single in 1970. Its drum break, improvised by Clyde Stubblefield, is one of the most frequently sampled music recordings used in over two-thousand other records.[1]

Recording and composition

[edit]

"Funky Drummer" was recorded on November 20, 1969, in Cincinnati, Ohio. It is an extended vamp, with individual instruments (mostly the guitar, tenor saxophones and organ) improvising brief licks on top. Brown's ad-libbed vocals are sporadic and declamatory, mostly concerned with encouraging the other band members. The song is played in the key of D minor, though the first verse is in C major.

As in the full-length version of "Cold Sweat", Brown announces the upcoming drum break, which comes late in the recording, requesting to "give the drummer some." He tells Stubblefield "You don't have to do no soloing, brother, just keep what you got... Don't turn it loose, 'cause it's a mother." Stubblefield's eight-bar unaccompanied "solo", a version of the riff he plays through most of the piece, is the result of Brown's directions; this break beat is one of the most sampled recordings in music.

After the drum break, the band returns to the original vamp.[2] Brown, apparently impressed with what Stubblefield has produced, seems to name the song on the spot as it continues, and repeats it: "The name of this tune is 'The Funky Drummer', 'The Funky Drummer', 'The Funky Drummer'." The recording ends with a reprise of Stubblefield's solo and a fade-out.

Release

[edit]

"Funky Drummer" was originally released by King Records as a two-part 45 rpm single in March 1970. The difference between the album version and the single version is that the single version contains Brown's vocal percussion ('kooncha'). Despite rising to No. 20 on the R&B chart and No. 51 on the pop chart,[3] it did not receive an album release until the 1986 compilation In the Jungle Groove.

More than one mix of "Funky Drummer" was made around the time it was recorded, including one with tambourine and another with vocal percussion by Brown and trombonist Fred Wesley. The most commonly heard version of the track lacks these elements, which were apparently overdubbed. In addition to the original version of "Funky Drummer", the album In the Jungle Groove includes a "bonus beat reprise" of the piece. This track, edited by Danny Krivit, consists of a 3-minute loop of the drum break, punctuated only by Brown's sampled vocal interjections and an occasional guitar chord and tambourine hit.

Sampling

[edit]
Stubblefield pictured in 2005

"Funky Drummer" is one of the most widely sampled pieces of music.[4] In 1986, the tracks "South Bronx", "Eric B. is President" and "It's a Demo" sampled Stubblefield's drum break, helping popularize sampling.[5] The drum break was sampled by hip hop acts including Public Enemy, N.W.A, LL Cool J, Run-DMC, the Beastie Boys, and the theme music to The Powerpuff Girls on Cartoon Network, as well as later pop musicians such as Ed Sheeran and George Michael, notably done in Freedom! '90.[6][1]

As Stubblefield did not receive a songwriter credit for "Funky Drummer", he received no royalties for the sampling.[6] He told The New York Times in 2011: "It didn't bug me or disturb me, but I think it's disrespectful not to pay people for what they use."[7] Stubblefield capitalized on the name with his 1997 album Revenge of the Funky Drummer.[8]

Personnel

[edit]

with the James Brown Orchestra

Charts

[edit]
Chart performance for "Funky Drummer"
Chart (1970) Peak
position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[10] 41
US Billboard Hot 100[11] 51
US Billboard R&B[12] 20
US Cash Box Top 100[13] 37

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Funky Drummer

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
"Funky Drummer" is a funk song by American singer and musician , recorded on November 20, 1969, in , , and released as a single in March 1970 by King Records. The track features minimal vocals from Brown, primarily consisting of an extended instrumental groove centered on an improvised drum break by drummer , which Brown introduces with the call "give the drummer some." The full version clocks in at 5:58, exemplifying Brown's raw, rhythmic style of during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Upon release, "Funky Drummer" achieved moderate commercial success, reaching number 51 on the chart and number 20 on the Hot Soul Singles chart, though it failed to crack the top 50 on the pop charts. Despite its initial underperformance, the song's influence exploded in the decades following, particularly through sampling in hip-hop music, where Stubblefield's drum break—characterized by its loose, syncopated hi-hat and snare pattern—became a foundational element. According to sampling database , the break has been used in over 2,000 tracks, making it one of the most sampled recordings in music history and a cornerstone of breakbeat culture. Notable examples include Public Enemy's "Fight the Power" (1989), Dr. Dre's "Let Me Ride" (1992), and A Tribe Called Quest's "Can I Kick It?" (), highlighting its role in shaping the sound of golden age hip-hop. The track's legacy extends beyond hip-hop, influencing electronic, rock, and pop genres, with covers and interpolations appearing in works by artists like and . Stubblefield's performance, often praised for its simplicity and groove, earned him posthumous recognition as a pioneering figure in funk drumming, though he received no royalties from the samples during his lifetime due to the era's practices. "Funky Drummer" remains a testament to James Brown's profound impact on modern music, underscoring his status as one of the most sampled artists ever.

Background and Recording

Origins and Composition

"Funky Drummer" originated as a spontaneous jam session led by , who served as the primary songwriter and bandleader, crediting himself for the composition. The track emerged during Brown's efforts to explore deeper funk grooves in the late , following a string of high-energy singles like "Say It Loud – I'm Black and I'm Proud" and "I Got the Feelin'." The song was recorded on November 20, 1969, at King Studios in , , as part of Brown's regular sessions for King Records. Brown directed the band in real time, fostering an improvisational approach that defined the track's laid-back yet infectious style. Musically, "Funky Drummer" is structured as an extended vamp primarily in , though the opening verse shifts to , creating a dynamic tonal foundation. The arrangement builds through layered, groove-centric improvisations from the guitar, tenor saxophones, and organ, emphasizing rhythmic interplay over complex harmonic progressions. A pivotal moment in the composition came when Brown prompted drummer to deliver an on-the-spot drum break, instructing him to "keep what you got" before calling out "!" to spotlight the . This spontaneous direction underscored the song's roots in live, unscripted funk experimentation.

Studio Session Details

The recording of "Funky Drummer" took place on November 20, 1969, at King Studios in , , under the production direction of and featuring the James Brown . The session captured the core track in a single take, emphasizing a raw, live-band energy typical of Brown's approach to funk recordings at the time. A defining moment occurred towards the end of the nine-minute jam when cued the band to "lay out" and directed drummer to solo with the shout "!", leading to an improvised eight-bar break lasting approximately 20 seconds. responded with a syncopated groove built on a steady 16th-note pattern, accented snares, , and hits, which encouraged by instructing him to "just keep what you got" without over-elaborating. This spontaneous element emerged during the fade-out phase of the performance, contributing to the track's unpolished, improvisational vibe. The studio employed a basic setup with 8-track tape machines and a Harrison mixing console, facilitating live tracking of the full band without overdubs in the original single version to preserve the organic texture. were sparsely placed—such as close miking on the snare and kick drum with overheads for ambient capture—treating the as a unified instrument and enhancing the raw sonic quality. While the 1969 session formed the foundational recording, later mixes introduced variations; for instance, the extended version on the 1986 compilation added a reprise of the break with , guitar fills, and Brown's for added texture. These edits built upon the core one-take performance but maintained its essential improvisational spirit.

Release and Reception

Commercial Release

"Funky Drummer" was initially released as a two-part 45 rpm single by King Records in March 1970, with Part 1 clocking in at 2:36 and serving as the A-side, while Part 2, running 2:55, appeared on the B-side. The single, cataloged as 45-6290 in the , was produced by himself and highlighted his shift toward instrumental funk tracks during this era. This release came amid Brown's transitional period with King Records, following the label's founder's death in 1968 and preceding the sale of Brown's contract to Polydor in July 1971 for $600,000, which included his back catalog. As part of Brown's prolific output on King in the late and early , the single exemplified promotional efforts to capitalize on his evolving percussive style before the label's full handover. The track gained wider exposure through its inclusion on the 1986 , released by in August of that year, where the full 9:15 version was featured alongside remixes and alternate takes. This , which also contained a "Bonus Beat Reprise" edit of "Funky Drummer" by Danny Krivit, marked a significant packaging of Brown's funk material. Subsequent reissues have kept the track in circulation, including its appearance on the 1991 Star Time and the 2003 compilation Funked! Volume 1: 1970-1973. In 2020, a limited-edition vinyl split single paired "Funky Drummer" with Jimmy Smith's "Root Down" on Get On Down Records. More recently, a 2023 extended remix by DJ Friction was released, drawing from the original multitracks, while a 2025 special 7-inch edition emphasized extended breaks for collectors. Since the early , the has been widely available in digital formats on streaming platforms such as and , facilitating global access to both original and remixed versions.

Critical and Commercial Response

Upon its release in 1970, "Funky Drummer" achieved moderate commercial success, peaking at No. 51 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and No. 20 on the Billboard R&B chart. The single also reached No. 41 on the Canadian RPM Top Singles chart and No. 37 on the Cash Box Top 100. Despite these placements, the track underperformed relative to James Brown's prior hits like "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag," which had topped the charts, as it failed to generate widespread mainstream radio play or sales momentum. Within funk enthusiast communities, however, the song was immediately celebrated for its infectious groove and improvisational energy, particularly the extended drum break that showcased Clyde Stubblefield's precise, syncopated style. In the decades following its initial release, "Funky Drummer" garnered significant retrospective acclaim for its foundational role in shaping funk and hip-hop production techniques. Critics in the and began highlighting its drum break as a pivotal innovation, with describing it as one of the most influential sampled pieces in music history due to its rhythmic complexity and adaptability. By the 2000s and into the 2020s, publications like reinforced this view, noting the track's break as "the most widely sampled rhythm in hip-hop," crediting it with influencing countless producers from to . This enduring praise underscores the song's shift from modest commercial performer to a cornerstone of genre evolution, often cited in analyses of culture up to 2025. As of , "Funky Drummer" maintains niche appeal rather than mainstream dominance, with no RIAA sales certifications reflecting its era's limited tracking for instrumental funk singles. On streaming platforms, it has amassed approximately 4.4 million streams on alone (as of November 2025), driven largely by its sampling legacy rather than organic listens. This sustained highlights its cultural resonance in hip-hop and electronic music communities, where the track's groove continues to inspire remixes and tributes without achieving blockbuster sales metrics.

Musical Analysis

The Drum Break

The drum break in "Funky Drummer" is an 8-bar improvised solo by drummer , recorded during a 1969 session with . Performed without fills or crash cymbals, it relies on a standard funk beat featuring steady patterns along with the snare and for a sparse, driving foundation. Stubblefield's rhythm emphasizes —subtle, lower-volume snare strokes—and off-beat accents, particularly through a challenging single-handed 16th-note pattern that creates and a minimalist groove. This structure unfolds at a midtempo of approximately 102 beats per minute, allowing the beat's subtle variations in dynamics and microtiming to generate an infectious, participatory feel without overwhelming complexity. During the break, contributes a vocal layer through ad-libs including grunts, a chuckle, and repetitions of "?", which punctuate the drums and reinforce the track's raw energy. The break's repetitive simplicity, built on interlocking eighth- and sixteenth-note subdivisions across the kit, lends itself naturally to seamless looping, as its lack of abrupt changes preserves groove integrity when isolated and repeated.

Overall Structure and Instrumentation

"Funky Drummer" employs a repetitive vamp structure typical of late-1960s , centered on interlocking rhythmic patterns rather than a traditional verse-chorus form with distinct sections. The song builds through call-and-response vocals, where delivers exclamatory lines like "This is a funky place" and "We got a real funky drummer," echoed by backing singers, creating an interactive, communal feel. This vamp extends into an extended fade-out featuring drum break, allowing the to improvise loosely over the groove. The single release, divided into Parts 1 and 2, runs for 2:35 and 2:56 respectively, totaling about 5:31, while the full album version from the 1986 compilation extends to 9:13, providing more space for the jam-like development. Harmonically, the track starts in D before shifting to C, using dominant chords such as F dominant 9th and C13, emphasizing modal ambiguity common in Brown's music. Organ riffs outline the root notes and add color, while sharp stabs punctuate the changes, reinforcing the harmonic support without complex progressions. This setup prioritizes groove stability over melodic development, allowing to drive the energy. The revolves around a tight rhythm core, with lines locking precisely with the to form an unbreakable foundation, characteristic of 's polyrhythmic ethos. contributes sparse, syncopated licks that weave through the texture, avoiding dominance to let the bass and shine. Brown's raw lead vocals and ad-libbed shouts serve as rhythmic exclamations, integrating with the ensemble's call-and-response dynamic. The overall functions as a loose , embodying the era's shift toward rhythm-centric where collective trumps linear song forms.

Legacy and Influence

Sampling History

The drum break from James Brown's "Funky Drummer," performed by , emerged as one of the foundational elements in hip-hop production during the early , with its rhythmic simplicity—characterized by a steady kick-snare pattern and —making it ideal for looping in the genre's nascent sampling era. Early adopters in hip-hop quickly recognized its versatility; incorporated it prominently in "" (1987), using the break to drive the track's intense, siren-like energy and establishing a template for politically charged rap beats. Similarly, sampled the break in "Fuck tha Police" (1988), layering it beneath aggressive verses to underscore the song's confrontational tone, while employed it in "" (1990) to propel the track's hard-hitting rhythm and boost its crossover appeal. By the 1990s and into the 2000s, the break's influence extended beyond underground hip-hop, appearing in over 2,000 documented samples across genres as tracked by in 2025, with the vast majority drawing from Stubblefield's improvised eight-bar solo. This proliferation marked an evolution into mainstream and non-hip-hop contexts; for instance, sampled it in "Shirtsleeves" (2014), integrating the break into a pop-folk to add subtle groove and rhythmic depth. In , the break underpinned the theme song for (1998), where composer looped it to create an energetic, playful underscore that echoed its hip-hop roots while appealing to a family audience. The widespread sampling of "Funky Drummer" also highlighted significant legal and financial challenges for session musicians like Stubblefield, who received no songwriting on the original 1970 recording and thus earned no royalties from the thousands of uses, despite the break's estimated multimillion-dollar impact on the music industry. In response, Stubblefield pursued compensation in the by releasing official sample packs of his beats, allowing producers to license them directly and share royalties—though this came late in his career, after decades of uncredited contributions that left him financially strained until his death in 2017.

Cultural Recognition and Tributes

"Funky Drummer" has earned widespread recognition as one of the most influential funk tracks in music history, particularly through accolades for its drummer , who was ranked sixth on 's 2016 list of the 100 Greatest Drummers of All Time, with the song cited as a cornerstone of his legacy. In 1997, Stubblefield released his debut solo album, The Revenge of the Funky Drummer, which directly honored the track's enduring groove and his contributions to it, produced by Richard Mazda and featuring original compositions inspired by his era. Stubblefield reflected on the song's legacy in interviews throughout the 2010s, emphasizing its unintended role in shaping modern music, with discussions continuing posthumously in media up to 2025, including a 2023 documentary preview and 2025 video analyses. The song has inspired covers and tributes across genres and media, such as hip-hop group Arrested Development's 1992 incorporation of its drum elements in their track "Mr. Wendal (Hip Hop Mix - Drum Attack)," reinterpreting the break in a conscious rap context. VH1's 2014 documentary Finding the Funk, narrated by and featuring and , highlighted "Funky Drummer" as a pivotal example of James Brown's innovation in 's development. As a symbol of funk's foundational influence on hip-hop evolution, "Funky Drummer" appears in scholarly works like the 2016 Cambridge Companion to Percussion, which analyzes its break as a emblematic reference in sample-based hip-hop during the and . It is also featured in films and documentaries, including PBS's 2023 Sound Field episode tracing the beat's transformative impact on hip-hop production and the 2025 installment We Want the Funk!, which explores 's roots and global reach through Brown's contributions.

Personnel and Credits

Performing Musicians

The recording of "Funky Drummer" on November 20, 1969, at King Studios in featured as the lead vocalist and player, directing the performance as the bandleader. The track showcased the tight ensemble work of the James Brown Orchestra, a core group of session musicians honed through years of touring and recording with Brown, emphasizing rhythmic precision and improvisational flair central to funk's development. Key contributors included drummer Clyde Stubblefield, whose improvised break became the song's signature element; Stubblefield, a self-taught musician who joined Brown's band in 1965 after touring with Otis Redding, refined his linear, ghost-note-heavy funk style during his tenure with the group from 1965 to 1970. Bassist Charles Sherrell provided the driving low-end groove, drawing on his experience as a longtime Brown collaborator who anchored the rhythm section with syncopated lines. Guitarist Jimmy Nolen supplied the signature "chicken scratch" rhythm guitar, a technique emblematic of Brown's sound, with additional guitar by Alfonzo "Country" Kellum; while the horn section—trumpeters Richard "Kush" Griffith and Joe Davis, trombonist Fred Wesley, and saxophonists Maceo Parker (tenor) and Eldee Williams (tenor)—delivered punchy stabs and fills that underscored the track's call-and-response energy. Parker, who had been with Brown since 1964, brought his sharp, blues-inflected tenor lines to the forefront, having evolved from baritone sax to a lead role in the band's evolving funk arrangements.

Production and Technical Credits

James Brown served as the sole producer and songwriter for "Funky Drummer," overseeing the session from its inception as an jam on November 20, 1969, at King Studios in , . The recording was engineered by Ron Lenhoff, King Records' chief engineer during the late 1960s, who captured Brown's prolific output at the label's facilities using live-to-tape techniques typical of the era. Technical credits reflect variations in mixing and editing across releases. The 1970 single version (Parts 1 and 2) was a concise edit emphasizing the break, differing from longer iterations on subsequent compilations, while the 1986 album features an extended version personally edited by to highlight its rhythmic elements for contemporary audiences. King Records, Brown's primary label from 1956 to 1971 and a key hub for his funk catalog, handled production logistics without additional co-producers credited, aligning with Brown's hands-on control over his recordings. As of 2025, copyright for the composition is held by Golo Publishing Co. (administered via Unichappell Music Inc.), with sound recording rights stemming from the original King/Starday ownership. Following Brown's death in 2006, posthumous management of his publishing and master income streams was partially acquired by Primary Wave Music in 2021, facilitating ongoing licensing and preservation of his works.

References

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  50. https://www.pbs.org/video/make-it-funky-xoqjb8/
  51. https://www.discogs.com/master/406097-James-Brown-Funky-Drummer-Funky-President
  52. https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/clyde-stubblefield-james-browns-funky-drummer/
  53. https://www.breaktothebeat.com/classic-break-beats/classic-breaks-part-2-the-funky-drummer/
  54. https://concord.com/artist/maceo-parker/
  55. https://secondhandsongs.com/work/1241/all
  56. https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/classic-tracks-james-brown-papas-got-brand-new-bag
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  58. https://primarywave.com/primary-wave-music-announces-partnership-with-the-estate-of-the-godfather-of-soul-james-brown/
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