GER Class Y14
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The Great Eastern Railway (GER) Class Y14 is a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotive. The LNER classified them J15.
The Class Y14 was designed by T.W. Worsdell for both freight and passenger duties - a veritable 'maid of all work'. Introduced in July 1883, they were so successful that all the succeeding Locomotive Superintendents continued to build new batches up until 1913 with little design change, the final total being 289.[1] During World War I, 43 of the engines served in France and Belgium.[2]
Background
[edit]On 10–11 December 1891, the Great Eastern Railway's Stratford Works built one of these locomotives and had it in steam with a coat of grey primer in 9 hours 47 minutes; this remains a world record. The locomotive then went off to run 36,000 miles (58,000 km) on Peterborough to London coal trains before coming back to the works for the final coat of paint. It lasted 40 years and ran a total of 1,127,750 miles (1,814,940 km).[3]
Because of their light weight the locomotives were given the Route Availability (RA) number 1, indicating that they could work over nearly all routes.
| Year | Order | Manufacturer | Quantity | GER Nos. | LNER Nos. | 1946 Nos. | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1883 | Y14 | Stratford Works | 10 | 610–619 | 7610–7618, — | — | |
| 1884 | K15 | Stratford Works | 20 | 620–639 | 7620–7639 | — | |
| 1884 | — | Sharp, Stewart & Co. 3146–3164 | 19 | 37–41, 119–124, 592–599 | 7037, 07038–07039, —, 7600, 7119–7124, 7592–7599 | — | 41 renumbered 600 in 1912 |
| 1885 | N16 | Stratford Works | 10 | 680–689 | 7680–7689 | — | |
| 1885–86 | P17 | Stratford Works | 10 | 690–699 | 7690–7699 | — | |
| 1886 | M18 | Stratford Works | 10 | 800–809 | 7609, 7801–7809 | — | 800 renumbered 609 in 1892 |
| 1886–87 | X18 | Stratford Works | 10 | 810–819 | 7810–7819 | 5350 | |
| 1887 | D20 | Stratford Works | 10 | 820–829 | 7820–7829 | 5351–5353 | |
| 1887–88 | U20 | Stratford Works | 10 | 527–536 | 7527–7536 | 5354–5356 | |
| 1888 | R21 | Stratford Works | 10 | 537–541, 830–834 | 7537–7541, 7830–7834 | 5357–5360 | |
| 1889 | T22 | Stratford Works | 10 | 835–844 | 7835–7844 | 5361–5364 | |
| 1889 | P23 | Stratford Works | 10 | 845–854 | 7845–7854 | 5365–5372 | |
| 1889 | T23 | Stratford Works | 10 | 855–864 | 7855–7864 | 5373–5375 | |
| 1889 | Y23 | Stratford Works | 10 | 865–874 | 7865–7874 | 5376–5381 | |
| 1890 | U25 | Stratford Works | 10 | 875–884 | 7875–7884 | 5382–5388 | |
| 1890 | Y25 | Stratford Works | 10 | 885–894 | 7885–7894 | 5389–5394 | |
| 1891 | L28 | Stratford Works | 10 | 895–904 | 7895–7904 | 5395–5400 | |
| 1891 | N28 | Stratford Works | 10 | 905–914 | 7905–7914 | 5401–5407 | |
| 1891 | P28 | Stratford Works | 10 | 915–924 | 7915–7924 | 5408–5414 | |
| 1891–92 | S28 | Stratford Works | 10 | 925–934 | 7925–7934 | 5414–5421 | |
| 1892 | X28 | Stratford Works | 10 | 936–945 | 7936–7945 | 5422–5427 | |
| 1899 | I45 | Stratford Works | 10 | 507–516 | 7507–7516 | 5428–5435 | |
| 1899 | S45 | Stratford Works | 10 | 517–526 | 7517–7526 | 5436–5439 | |
| 1899 | X45 | Stratford Works | 10 | 640–649 | 7640–7649 | 5440–5449 | |
| 1906 | A60 | Stratford Works | 10 | 552–561 | 7552–7561 | 5450–5459 | |
| 1912 | B70 | Stratford Works | 10 | 562–571 | 7562–7571 | 5460–5469 | |
| 1913 | G73 | Stratford Works | 10 | 542–551 | 7542–7551 | 5470–5479 |
Accidents and incidents
[edit]- On 25 September 1900, locomotive No. 522 suffered a boiler explosion at Westerfield, Suffolk. Both crew members of the locomotive, driver John Barnard and fireman William MacDonald, were killed.[5][6]
- On 20 January 1915, locomotive No. 629 was hauling a freight train that collided with the rear of a passenger train, hauled by GER Class T26 2-4-0 No. 446, at County School railway station, Norfolk. [7][8]
- On 7 January 1927, locomotive No. 7613 was hauling a freight train that was in collision with a lorry at Roudham Heath, Norfolk, on the Breckland Line due to errors by the crossing keeper. The lorry driver was killed.[9]
- On 4 October 1929, locomotive No. 7938 was hauling a freight train that departed against a danger signal at Tottenham, London and was subsequently stopped foul of a junction. Both crew abandoned the locomotive before a northbound mail train, hauled by LNER Class B17 4-6-0 No. 2808 Gunton, collided with the rear of the freight. 18 people were injured.[10]
- In 1934, LNER No.7902 crashed into the buffer stops at Ongar Station and climbed the wall.[11] No one was killed though the crew received a few minor injuries.
- In the late 1950s, No. 65475 had to be rerailed by crane due to an unknown cause and location.[12]
- On 17 November 2018, locomotive No. 564 struck a vehicle on a level crossing near Sheringham in Norfolk.[13] The driver of the Mercedes involved in the collision ignored the warning lights at the crossing and proceeded through into the path of the oncoming locomotive, which was travelling at around 10 mph at the time. The collision reportedly occurred at around 11:30 AM.
Notable features
[edit]As built all the locomotives had a stovepipe chimney; this was replaced in LNER days by a cast chimney with a small lip. The original Worsdell and early Holden series had three-ring boilers with the steam dome placed in the middle. Also the Worsdell boilers had a flat grate, however from 1890 Holden developed a boiler with a sloping grate and a two-ring telescopic barrel with the dome located well forward. The advantage of the dome position was a short 5½ inch steam pipe which limited pressure drop between the boiler and the cylinders. This boiler was adopted as standard and persisted on all Great Eastern Locomotives down to 1898; from then on it was perpetuated on the smaller locomotives as long as these remained essentially in their original configuration - which could be down to the 1960s.[2]
As with all Great Eastern classes, the Y14 had a cab with a low wooden roof covered with canvas sealed by a coat of lead paint. This was replaced in LNER days by a higher arched sheet metal roof. Some engines had special side window cabs for service on the exposed Brightlingsea and Colne Valley branches.[2]
Allocations
[edit]On 1 January 1923 there were 272 J15 locomotives in existence. They were allocated as follows:[14]
- Cambridge: 48
- Colchester: 14
- Ipswich: 32
- King's Lynn: 5
- Lincoln: 3
- Lowestoft: 7
- March: 17
- Norwich: 36
- Parkeston: 2
- Peterborough East: 19
- Stratford: 91
- Yarmouth: 4
In 1942 during World War II, six locomotives were drafted in to assist with coal traffic in South Yorkshire with three allocated to Mexborough engine shed and three to Barnsley engine shed.[15]
On 1 January 1948 when British Railways was formed, there were 127 J15 locomotives in existence.[16]
Unusually, in 1957 a couple of the class were allocated to Aylesbury and worked freight trains on the former Great Western Railway branch from Princes Risborough to Watlington before being withdrawn in 1958.[17]
In film
[edit]In September 1936 locomotives 7541 and 7835 were withdrawn by the LNER and sold to London Film Productions for their film Knight Without Armour. The two locomotives were moved to Denham film studios and underwent cosmetic modification to look more Russian as that was where the film was set. The locomotives were then sold to the War Department and worked on the Shropshire and Montgomeryshire Railway as WD221 and WD212. During their war service both were involved in incidents and returned to Stratford in 1944 and subsequently scrapped.[18]
Another member of the class appeared in the 1954 film Happy Ever After disguised as an Irish locomotive.[19]
Preservation
[edit]
Number 564/7564/65462 is preserved on the North Norfolk Railway and owned by the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway Society.[20] In 2002 the locomotive reached the end of a major overhaul and was painted in LNER (numbered 7564) and BR black numbered 65462) liveries for the duration of its boiler ticket. It originally operated in these liveries when classified as a J15 in LNER and BR days. Following withdrawal from service in 2013, the locomotive received another overhaul (completed 2015) where it was outshopped in GER lined blue and sporting its original number of 564 and representing its days when classified as a Y14.
65469 was originally a candidate for preservation, but it was scrapped.[21]
Models
[edit]Hornby produces a ready-to-run model of the J15 in 00 gauge (4 mm) in BR (with the rebuilt high-arched cab roof), LNER liveries (both as-built and high-arch cab roofs) and more recently as a Y14 in GER blue.[22] Also in 00 gauge, there are kits from Alan Gibson and Nu-Cast. Finley and Smith produce a 3 mm kit. A 7mm (O gauge) kit is made by Connoisseur Models.
References
[edit]- ^ Locomotives of the Great Eastern Railway
- ^ a b c The Class J15 (GER Class Y14) 0-6-0 Locomotives
- ^ Allen 1961, p. 110.
- ^ Baxter 2012, pp. 51–52, 67–72.
- ^ Freestone, Jill; Smith, Richard W (1998). Ipswich Engines and Ipswich Men. Ipswich: Under Stoke History group. ISBN 0-9532257-0-4.
- ^ Lt-Col. P. G. von Donop, R.E. / Board of Trade (13 November 1900). "Great Eastern Railway" (PDF). Retrieved 25 July 2017.
- ^ Von Donop, P. G. (1915). Report on Accident at County School station, 1915 (PDF). H.M.R.I.
- ^ "J15 7629". BRDatabase.
- ^ Lt. Col A H Mount / Board of Trade (7 January 1927). "London and North Eastern Railway" (PDF). Retrieved 10 April 2016.
- ^ Earnshaw 1990, p. 16.
- ^ "1930s Accident at Ongar". Epping and Ongar Railway.
- ^ Atterbury, Paul. (2012). Paul Atterbury's railway collection. Newton Abbot, United Kingdom: David & Charles / F & W Media. ISBN 978-1-4463-0202-6. OCLC 794708326.
- ^ "Car collides with train on North Norfolk railway line". 19 November 2018.
- ^ Yeadon, W B (1996). LNER Locomotive Allocations 1st January 1923 (The first day). Challenger Publications. ISBN 1-899624-19-8.
- ^ James, H N (July 1975). "Great Eastern Wanderers Part 8". Ipswich Transport Journal (132): 19.
- ^ "Steam Loco Class Information Class J15 Details". RailUK. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
- ^ Great Eastern Railway Society Journal No 84 - letter and photograph from Dick Riley (October 1995)
- ^ Walker, Peter (July 2017). "Classic Camera". Great Eastern Journal. 171: 2.
- ^ James, H N (July 1975). "Great Eastern Wanderers Part 8". Ipswich Transport Journal (132): 19.
- ^ Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway Society – Home
- ^ "65462 (GER 564, LNER 7564, LNER 5462 & BR 65462)". Preserved British Steam Locomotives. 10 July 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
- ^ "National Model Rail Database". National Model Rail. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
- Allen, Cecil J. (1961) [1955]. The Great Eastern Railway. London: Ian Allan.
- Baxter, Bertram (2012). Baxter, David; Mitchell, Peter (eds.). British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923. Vol. 6: Great Eastern Railway, North British Railway, Great North of Scotland Railway, Midland & Great Northern Joint Railway, remaining companies in the LNER group. Southampton: Kestrel Railway Books. ISBN 978-1-905505-26-5.
- Fry, E. V., ed. (September 1966). Locomotives of the L.N.E.R., Part 5: Tender Engines—Classes J1 to J37. Kenilworth: RCTS. ISBN 0-901115-12-6.
- Earnshaw, Alan (1990). Trains in Trouble: Vol. 6. Penryn: Atlantic Books. ISBN 0-906899-37-0.
- Freestone, Jill; Smith, Richard W. (1998). Ipswich Engines and Ipswich Men. Ipswich: Under Stoke History group. ISBN 0-9532257-0-4.
- Yeadon, W. B. (1996). LNER Locomotive Allocations 1st January 1923 (The first day). Challenger Publications. ISBN 1-899624-19-8.
External links
[edit]- Y14 Class 0-6-0 1883-1892, 1899, 1906, 1912-1913 — Great Eastern Railway Society
GER Class Y14
View on GrokipediaDevelopment
Background
The GER Class Y14 originated from the need to modernize the Great Eastern Railway's (GER) locomotive fleet amid rapid network expansion in East Anglia during the late 19th century, which included new branch lines and yards to support growing agricultural, industrial, and freight demands.[1] This expansion was particularly accelerated by the completion of the Great Northern and Great Eastern Joint Railway in 1883, providing direct access to Yorkshire's coalfields and resulting in a sudden surge of coal traffic that strained existing motive power.[2] To address this, Locomotive Superintendent T.W. Worsdell conceived the class in 1883 as a compact 0-6-0 tender locomotive suited for versatile duties, including freight hauling, shunting, and light passenger services on the GER's lighter-rail branches.[3] The design drew influence from earlier GER 0-6-0 classes, incorporating proven elements like simple inside-cylinder arrangements and low axle loads to ensure compatibility with the network's varied infrastructure, while introducing refinements for greater efficiency in everyday operations.[1] The first Y14 locomotive entered service in July 1883, marking a timely response to the urgent shortage of suitable freight engines capable of handling the increased coal volumes without requiring heavy upgrades to tracks or yards.[2] This introduction underscored the GER's strategic focus on reliable, multi-purpose power for its East Anglian operations, where compact locomotives could navigate tight curves and perform diverse tasks effectively.[5] Under the GER's initial classification system, the locomotives received numbers across various ranges in the goods engine series, starting with early batches like 201-219 and extending to higher numbers such as 800-945 for later builds.[1] This numbering scheme facilitated easy identification within the fleet, with later batches extending the class well beyond the original allocation to meet ongoing demands.[2]Construction
The GER Class Y14 locomotives were produced in a total of 289 units between 1883 and 1913, with the design undergoing only minimal changes over the three-decade span, reflecting its proven reliability for freight and shunting duties. Production continued under Worsdell's successors, James Holden and A.J. Hill, with only minor modifications to the original design.[1][6] Stratford Works served as the primary builder, constructing 270 locomotives across multiple batches throughout the production period.[6] A smaller initial batch of 19 units was outsourced to Sharp, Stewart & Co. in 1883–1884, marking the only significant external contribution to the class's assembly.[2][7] Production commenced at Stratford Works with the batch numbered 610–619 in 1883, followed by the Sharp, Stewart batch of 19 locomotives in 1884 and successive annual builds at Stratford Works that progressed through sequential numbering up to the final units delivered in 1913.[1] These later batches included adaptations such as dual-fitted braking systems in the 1899, 1906, 1912, and 1913 runs, but the core construction process remained consistent.[1] A notable highlight of the construction timeline occurred at Stratford Works on 10–11 December 1891, when workers assembled and steamed locomotive No. 930—a Class Y14 unit—in a record 9 hours and 47 minutes, including time for an undercoat of grey primer; this achievement set an enduring world record for the fastest complete build of a steam locomotive.[8][9][10] The locomotive subsequently entered service on coal trains, covering 36,000 miles before returning for finishing touches.[8] The class's longevity is exemplified by one unit that accumulated 1,127,750 miles over 40 years of operation before withdrawal, underscoring the robust construction standards employed at Stratford Works.[11]Design
Specifications
The GER Class Y14 was a standard-gauge steam locomotive with a wheel arrangement of 0-6-0, featuring two inside cylinders measuring 17½ inches in diameter by 24 inches in stroke.[2] Driving wheels had a diameter of 4 feet 11 inches, optimized for goods traffic on lighter lines.[2] The locomotive's boiler operated at a pressure of 160 pounds per square inch, delivering a tractive effort of 16,940 pounds force.[2] Key dimensions and capacities included an overall length of 47 feet 3 inches, a locomotive weight of 37.1 long tons, and a tender weight of 30.65 long tons when fully laden.[12] The tender carried 5 long tons of coal and 2,640 imperial gallons of water, supporting extended operations without frequent refueling.[6] For stability on light rails, the class featured an adhesive weight of approximately 37 long tons distributed across the coupled wheels, with a maximum axle load of 13.5 long tons.[3]| Specification | Detail |
|---|---|
| Gauge | 4 ft 8½ in (standard) |
| Cylinders | 2 inside, 17½ in × 24 in |
| Driving wheel diameter | 4 ft 11 in |
| Boiler pressure | 160 psi |
| Tractive effort | 16,940 lbf |
| Locomotive weight | 37.1 long tons |
| Tender weight (full) | 30.65 long tons |
| Adhesive weight | 37 long tons |
| Axle load (max) | 13.5 long tons |
| Overall length | 47 ft 3 in |
| Coal capacity | 5 long tons |
| Water capacity | 2,640 imperial gallons |